Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis
A study to assess the influence of re-invasion of Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Southeast Uganda. A total of 1,992 cattle were screened in villages, with (949) and without G. pallidipes (1043) for trypanosomosis using a combination of the BCT and H...
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| creator | Magona, J.W. Walubengo, J. Odiit, M. Okedi, L.A. Abila, P. Katabazi, B.K. Gidudu, A.M. Olaho-Mukani, W. |
| description | A study to assess the influence of re-invasion of
Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Southeast Uganda. A total of 1,992 cattle were screened in villages, with (949) and without
G. pallidipes (1043) for trypanosomosis using a combination of the BCT and HCT methods. The prevalence of trypanosomosis (15.5%),
Trypanosoma brucei infection (1.4%),
T. congolense infection (7.2%),
T. vivax infection (5.3%) and mixed infection (1.6%) in cattle in villages with was significantly higher than in those without
G. pallidipes: trypanosomosis (7.1%),
T. brucei infection (0.6%),
T. congolense infection (2.0%),
T.
vivax infection (3.3%) and mixed infection (1.2%) (overall trypanosome infection,
χ
2
=
35.5, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. brucei infection,
χ
2
=
8.06, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. congolense infection,
χ
2
=
22.8, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05 and
T. vivax infection,
χ
2
=
6.4, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05). Infections of
Trypanosoma congolense were predominant in cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes, while
T. vivax infections were predominant in cattle in villages without. In all villages,
T. brucei infections were fewer than either
T. congolense or
T. vivax infections. The risk of transmission of
T. brucei,
T. congolense and
T. vivax infections was 3, 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, higher in villages with
G. pallidipes than in those without, despite the presence of
G. f. fuscipes in either set of villages. The mean PCV (28.27
±
0.41, 95% CI) and mean herd size (3
±
0.46) of cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes were significantly (
P
<
0.05) lower than in those in villages without (mean PCV, 29.48
±
0.34; mean herd size, 4
±
0.72). It is evident that presence of
G. pallidipes brings about an increase in the prevalence of
T. congolense, which causes a more severe disease in cattle than other species of trypanosomes. This is a rare case of a re-invasion of a tsetse species whose disease transmission capability calls for refocusing of the traditional national tsetse and trypanosomosis control strategies to contain it. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.10.020 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_67448631</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0304401704004960</els_id><sourcerecordid>67448631</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-6655b606e4c5196c0590da839c33a973082136e8d5d8dc4e02390cd7b8261d8e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU1r3DAQhkVoaTZp_0FpferN29GHZflSKKFNAoEc0j0LWZrdaLEtV_Ju2H8fuV7orT0NvDzPMMxLyEcKawpUft2vjziNJq4ZgMjRGhhckBVVNS9ZVcEbsgIOohRA60tyldIeMgiyfkcuaVVnhNUr8nLfj523ZvJhSEXYFtMzFhFLPxxNytkcPYVDTk2ais3ODM4U7am47UJKfjDFaLrOOz9itoc_No7eYe9DF3anWW_D0Q9YTPE0miGk0Ifk03vydmu6hB_O85psfv74dXNXPjze3t98fyitUHQqpayqVoJEYSvaSAtVA84o3ljOTVNzUIxyicpVTjkrEBhvwLq6VUxSp5Bfky_L3jGG3wdMk-59sth1ZsBwSFrWQijJ6X9BWgtVScYyKBbQxvyCiFs9Rt-beNIU9NyM3uulGT03M6e5max9Ou8_tD26v9K5igx8XoCtCdrsok9688SAcoBGAZM8E98WAvPDjh6jTtbjYNH5iHbSLvh_3_AKLM2riQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>17485622</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Magona, J.W. ; Walubengo, J. ; Odiit, M. ; Okedi, L.A. ; Abila, P. ; Katabazi, B.K. ; Gidudu, A.M. ; Olaho-Mukani, W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Magona, J.W. ; Walubengo, J. ; Odiit, M. ; Okedi, L.A. ; Abila, P. ; Katabazi, B.K. ; Gidudu, A.M. ; Olaho-Mukani, W.</creatorcontrib><description>A study to assess the influence of re-invasion of
Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Southeast Uganda. A total of 1,992 cattle were screened in villages, with (949) and without
G. pallidipes (1043) for trypanosomosis using a combination of the BCT and HCT methods. The prevalence of trypanosomosis (15.5%),
Trypanosoma brucei infection (1.4%),
T. congolense infection (7.2%),
T. vivax infection (5.3%) and mixed infection (1.6%) in cattle in villages with was significantly higher than in those without
G. pallidipes: trypanosomosis (7.1%),
T. brucei infection (0.6%),
T. congolense infection (2.0%),
T.
vivax infection (3.3%) and mixed infection (1.2%) (overall trypanosome infection,
χ
2
=
35.5, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. brucei infection,
χ
2
=
8.06, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. congolense infection,
χ
2
=
22.8, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05 and
T. vivax infection,
χ
2
=
6.4, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05). Infections of
Trypanosoma congolense were predominant in cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes, while
T. vivax infections were predominant in cattle in villages without. In all villages,
T. brucei infections were fewer than either
T. congolense or
T. vivax infections. The risk of transmission of
T. brucei,
T. congolense and
T. vivax infections was 3, 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, higher in villages with
G. pallidipes than in those without, despite the presence of
G. f. fuscipes in either set of villages. The mean PCV (28.27
±
0.41, 95% CI) and mean herd size (3
±
0.46) of cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes were significantly (
P
<
0.05) lower than in those in villages without (mean PCV, 29.48
±
0.34; mean herd size, 4
±
0.72). It is evident that presence of
G. pallidipes brings about an increase in the prevalence of
T. congolense, which causes a more severe disease in cattle than other species of trypanosomes. This is a rare case of a re-invasion of a tsetse species whose disease transmission capability calls for refocusing of the traditional national tsetse and trypanosomosis control strategies to contain it.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-4017</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.10.020</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15725527</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bovine ; bovine trypanosomiasis ; Cattle ; disease prevalence ; disease transmission ; disease vectors ; epidemiological studies ; epidemiology ; Glossina pallidipes ; Glossinidae ; hematocrit ; Hematocrit - veterinary ; herd size ; Insect Vectors - growth & development ; Insect Vectors - parasitology ; Parasitemia - parasitology ; Parasitemia - transmission ; Parasitemia - veterinary ; Re-invasion ; risk assessment ; Rural Population ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Trypanosoma ; Trypanosoma - growth & development ; Trypanosoma brucei ; Trypanosoma congolense ; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - blood ; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - epidemiology ; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - parasitology ; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - transmission ; Trypanosomosis ; Tsetse Flies - growth & development ; Tsetse Flies - parasitology ; Uganda ; Uganda - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Veterinary parasitology, 2005-03, Vol.128 (1), p.1-9</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-6655b606e4c5196c0590da839c33a973082136e8d5d8dc4e02390cd7b8261d8e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-6655b606e4c5196c0590da839c33a973082136e8d5d8dc4e02390cd7b8261d8e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401704004960$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15725527$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Magona, J.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walubengo, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Odiit, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okedi, L.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abila, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katabazi, B.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gidudu, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olaho-Mukani, W.</creatorcontrib><title>Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis</title><title>Veterinary parasitology</title><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><description>A study to assess the influence of re-invasion of
Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Southeast Uganda. A total of 1,992 cattle were screened in villages, with (949) and without
G. pallidipes (1043) for trypanosomosis using a combination of the BCT and HCT methods. The prevalence of trypanosomosis (15.5%),
Trypanosoma brucei infection (1.4%),
T. congolense infection (7.2%),
T. vivax infection (5.3%) and mixed infection (1.6%) in cattle in villages with was significantly higher than in those without
G. pallidipes: trypanosomosis (7.1%),
T. brucei infection (0.6%),
T. congolense infection (2.0%),
T.
vivax infection (3.3%) and mixed infection (1.2%) (overall trypanosome infection,
χ
2
=
35.5, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. brucei infection,
χ
2
=
8.06, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. congolense infection,
χ
2
=
22.8, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05 and
T. vivax infection,
χ
2
=
6.4, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05). Infections of
Trypanosoma congolense were predominant in cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes, while
T. vivax infections were predominant in cattle in villages without. In all villages,
T. brucei infections were fewer than either
T. congolense or
T. vivax infections. The risk of transmission of
T. brucei,
T. congolense and
T. vivax infections was 3, 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, higher in villages with
G. pallidipes than in those without, despite the presence of
G. f. fuscipes in either set of villages. The mean PCV (28.27
±
0.41, 95% CI) and mean herd size (3
±
0.46) of cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes were significantly (
P
<
0.05) lower than in those in villages without (mean PCV, 29.48
±
0.34; mean herd size, 4
±
0.72). It is evident that presence of
G. pallidipes brings about an increase in the prevalence of
T. congolense, which causes a more severe disease in cattle than other species of trypanosomes. This is a rare case of a re-invasion of a tsetse species whose disease transmission capability calls for refocusing of the traditional national tsetse and trypanosomosis control strategies to contain it.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bovine</subject><subject>bovine trypanosomiasis</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>disease prevalence</subject><subject>disease transmission</subject><subject>disease vectors</subject><subject>epidemiological studies</subject><subject>epidemiology</subject><subject>Glossina pallidipes</subject><subject>Glossinidae</subject><subject>hematocrit</subject><subject>Hematocrit - veterinary</subject><subject>herd size</subject><subject>Insect Vectors - growth & development</subject><subject>Insect Vectors - parasitology</subject><subject>Parasitemia - parasitology</subject><subject>Parasitemia - transmission</subject><subject>Parasitemia - veterinary</subject><subject>Re-invasion</subject><subject>risk assessment</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Trypanosoma</subject><subject>Trypanosoma - growth & development</subject><subject>Trypanosoma brucei</subject><subject>Trypanosoma congolense</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - blood</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - epidemiology</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - parasitology</subject><subject>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - transmission</subject><subject>Trypanosomosis</subject><subject>Tsetse Flies - growth & development</subject><subject>Tsetse Flies - parasitology</subject><subject>Uganda</subject><subject>Uganda - epidemiology</subject><issn>0304-4017</issn><issn>1873-2550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1r3DAQhkVoaTZp_0FpferN29GHZflSKKFNAoEc0j0LWZrdaLEtV_Ju2H8fuV7orT0NvDzPMMxLyEcKawpUft2vjziNJq4ZgMjRGhhckBVVNS9ZVcEbsgIOohRA60tyldIeMgiyfkcuaVVnhNUr8nLfj523ZvJhSEXYFtMzFhFLPxxNytkcPYVDTk2ais3ODM4U7am47UJKfjDFaLrOOz9itoc_No7eYe9DF3anWW_D0Q9YTPE0miGk0Ifk03vydmu6hB_O85psfv74dXNXPjze3t98fyitUHQqpayqVoJEYSvaSAtVA84o3ljOTVNzUIxyicpVTjkrEBhvwLq6VUxSp5Bfky_L3jGG3wdMk-59sth1ZsBwSFrWQijJ6X9BWgtVScYyKBbQxvyCiFs9Rt-beNIU9NyM3uulGT03M6e5max9Ou8_tD26v9K5igx8XoCtCdrsok9688SAcoBGAZM8E98WAvPDjh6jTtbjYNH5iHbSLvh_3_AKLM2riQ</recordid><startdate>20050310</startdate><enddate>20050310</enddate><creator>Magona, J.W.</creator><creator>Walubengo, J.</creator><creator>Odiit, M.</creator><creator>Okedi, L.A.</creator><creator>Abila, P.</creator><creator>Katabazi, B.K.</creator><creator>Gidudu, A.M.</creator><creator>Olaho-Mukani, W.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050310</creationdate><title>Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis</title><author>Magona, J.W. ; Walubengo, J. ; Odiit, M. ; Okedi, L.A. ; Abila, P. ; Katabazi, B.K. ; Gidudu, A.M. ; Olaho-Mukani, W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-6655b606e4c5196c0590da839c33a973082136e8d5d8dc4e02390cd7b8261d8e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bovine</topic><topic>bovine trypanosomiasis</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>disease prevalence</topic><topic>disease transmission</topic><topic>disease vectors</topic><topic>epidemiological studies</topic><topic>epidemiology</topic><topic>Glossina pallidipes</topic><topic>Glossinidae</topic><topic>hematocrit</topic><topic>Hematocrit - veterinary</topic><topic>herd size</topic><topic>Insect Vectors - growth & development</topic><topic>Insect Vectors - parasitology</topic><topic>Parasitemia - parasitology</topic><topic>Parasitemia - transmission</topic><topic>Parasitemia - veterinary</topic><topic>Re-invasion</topic><topic>risk assessment</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Seroepidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Trypanosoma</topic><topic>Trypanosoma - growth & development</topic><topic>Trypanosoma brucei</topic><topic>Trypanosoma congolense</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - blood</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - epidemiology</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - parasitology</topic><topic>Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - transmission</topic><topic>Trypanosomosis</topic><topic>Tsetse Flies - growth & development</topic><topic>Tsetse Flies - parasitology</topic><topic>Uganda</topic><topic>Uganda - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Magona, J.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walubengo, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Odiit, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okedi, L.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abila, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katabazi, B.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gidudu, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olaho-Mukani, W.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Veterinary parasitology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Magona, J.W.</au><au>Walubengo, J.</au><au>Odiit, M.</au><au>Okedi, L.A.</au><au>Abila, P.</au><au>Katabazi, B.K.</au><au>Gidudu, A.M.</au><au>Olaho-Mukani, W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis</atitle><jtitle>Veterinary parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>Vet Parasitol</addtitle><date>2005-03-10</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>128</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>1-9</pages><issn>0304-4017</issn><eissn>1873-2550</eissn><abstract>A study to assess the influence of re-invasion of
Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis was conducted in Southeast Uganda. A total of 1,992 cattle were screened in villages, with (949) and without
G. pallidipes (1043) for trypanosomosis using a combination of the BCT and HCT methods. The prevalence of trypanosomosis (15.5%),
Trypanosoma brucei infection (1.4%),
T. congolense infection (7.2%),
T. vivax infection (5.3%) and mixed infection (1.6%) in cattle in villages with was significantly higher than in those without
G. pallidipes: trypanosomosis (7.1%),
T. brucei infection (0.6%),
T. congolense infection (2.0%),
T.
vivax infection (3.3%) and mixed infection (1.2%) (overall trypanosome infection,
χ
2
=
35.5, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. brucei infection,
χ
2
=
8.06, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05;
T. congolense infection,
χ
2
=
22.8, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05 and
T. vivax infection,
χ
2
=
6.4, d.f.
=
1,
P
<
0.05). Infections of
Trypanosoma congolense were predominant in cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes, while
T. vivax infections were predominant in cattle in villages without. In all villages,
T. brucei infections were fewer than either
T. congolense or
T. vivax infections. The risk of transmission of
T. brucei,
T. congolense and
T. vivax infections was 3, 2.7 and 1.6 times, respectively, higher in villages with
G. pallidipes than in those without, despite the presence of
G. f. fuscipes in either set of villages. The mean PCV (28.27
±
0.41, 95% CI) and mean herd size (3
±
0.46) of cattle in villages with
G. pallidipes were significantly (
P
<
0.05) lower than in those in villages without (mean PCV, 29.48
±
0.34; mean herd size, 4
±
0.72). It is evident that presence of
G. pallidipes brings about an increase in the prevalence of
T. congolense, which causes a more severe disease in cattle than other species of trypanosomes. This is a rare case of a re-invasion of a tsetse species whose disease transmission capability calls for refocusing of the traditional national tsetse and trypanosomosis control strategies to contain it.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>15725527</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.10.020</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0304-4017 |
| ispartof | Veterinary parasitology, 2005-03, Vol.128 (1), p.1-9 |
| issn | 0304-4017 1873-2550 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_67448631 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Animals Bovine bovine trypanosomiasis Cattle disease prevalence disease transmission disease vectors epidemiological studies epidemiology Glossina pallidipes Glossinidae hematocrit Hematocrit - veterinary herd size Insect Vectors - growth & development Insect Vectors - parasitology Parasitemia - parasitology Parasitemia - transmission Parasitemia - veterinary Re-invasion risk assessment Rural Population Seroepidemiologic Studies Trypanosoma Trypanosoma - growth & development Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma congolense Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - blood Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - epidemiology Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - parasitology Trypanosomiasis, Bovine - transmission Trypanosomosis Tsetse Flies - growth & development Tsetse Flies - parasitology Uganda Uganda - epidemiology |
| title | Implications of the re-invasion of Southeast Uganda by Glossina pallidipes on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-25T02%3A11%3A21IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Implications%20of%20the%20re-invasion%20of%20Southeast%20Uganda%20by%20Glossina%20pallidipes%20on%20the%20epidemiology%20of%20bovine%20trypanosomosis&rft.jtitle=Veterinary%20parasitology&rft.au=Magona,%20J.W.&rft.date=2005-03-10&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=9&rft.pages=1-9&rft.issn=0304-4017&rft.eissn=1873-2550&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.10.020&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E67448631%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=17485622&rft_id=info:pmid/15725527&rft_els_id=S0304401704004960&rfr_iscdi=true |