Estrogen regulation of chicken riboflavin carrier protein gene is mediated by ERE half sites without direct binding of estrogen receptor

Estrogen is an important steroid hormone that mediates most of its effects on regulation of gene expression by binding to intracellular receptors. The consensus estrogen response element (ERE) is a 13 bp palindromic inverted repeat with a three nucleotide spacer. However, several reports suggest tha...

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Veröffentlicht in:Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2005-02, Vol.231 (1), p.1-11
Hauptverfasser: Bahadur, Urvashi, Ganjam, Goutham K., Vasudevan, Nandini, Kondaiah, Paturu
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container_issue 1
container_start_page 1
container_title Molecular and cellular endocrinology
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creator Bahadur, Urvashi
Ganjam, Goutham K.
Vasudevan, Nandini
Kondaiah, Paturu
description Estrogen is an important steroid hormone that mediates most of its effects on regulation of gene expression by binding to intracellular receptors. The consensus estrogen response element (ERE) is a 13 bp palindromic inverted repeat with a three nucleotide spacer. However, several reports suggest that many estrogen target genes are regulated by diverse elements, such as imperfect EREs and ERE half sites (ERE 1/2), which are either the proximal or the distal half of the palindrome. To gain more insight into ERE half site-mediated gene regulation, we used a region from the estrogen-regulated chicken riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) gene promoter that contains ERE half sites. Using moxestrol, an analogue of estrogen and transient transfection of deletion and mutation containing RCP promoter/reporter constructs in chicken hepatoma (LMH2A) cells, we identified an estrogen response unit (ERU) composed of two consensus ERE 1/2 sites and one non-consensus ERE 1/2 site. Mutation of any of these sites within this ERU abolishes moxestrol response. Further, the ERU is able to confer moxestrol responsiveness to a heterologous promoter. Interestingly, RCP promoter is regulated by moxestrol in estrogen responsive human MCF-7 cells, but not in other cell lines such as NIH3T3 and HepG2 despite estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) co transfection. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with promoter regions encompassing the half sites and nuclear extracts from LMH2A cells show the presence of a moxestrol-induced complex that is abolished by a polyclonal anti-ERα antibody. Surprisingly, estrogen receptor cannot bind to these promoter elements in isolation. Thus, there appears to be a definite requirement for some other factor(s) in addition to estrogen receptor, for the generation of a suitable response of this promoter to estrogen. Our studies therefore suggest a novel mechanism of gene regulation by estrogen, involving ERE half sites without direct binding of ER to the cognate elements.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.mce.2004.12.007
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subjects Animals
Binding Sites
Cell Line, Tumor
Chickens
ERE half sites
Estrogen receptor
Estrogens - physiology
Ethinyl Estradiol - analogs & derivatives
Ethinyl Estradiol - pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene regulation
Membrane Transport Proteins - genetics
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism
Response Elements
Riboflavin carrier protein
title Estrogen regulation of chicken riboflavin carrier protein gene is mediated by ERE half sites without direct binding of estrogen receptor
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