Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load
Background: Elevated concentrations of homocysteine in blood may be an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated homocysteine concentrations can be caused by decreased methylation of homocysteine to form methionine, as occurs in folate deficiency. A parallel pathway ex...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of clinical nutrition 2005-02, Vol.81 (2), p.440-444 |
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description | Background: Elevated concentrations of homocysteine in blood may be an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated homocysteine concentrations can be caused by decreased methylation of homocysteine to form methionine, as occurs in folate deficiency. A parallel pathway exists for methylation of homocysteine, in which choline, by way of betaine, is the methyl donor. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether choline deficiency results in a decreased capacity to methylate homocysteine. Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 35 mmol choline/kg diet for 3 wk. We then administered an oral methionine load to the animals and measured plasma homocysteine concentrations. Also, in a pilot study, we examined 8 men who were fed a diet providing 550 mg choline/d per 70 kg body weight for 10 d, followed by a diet providing almost no choline, until the subjects were clinically judged to be choline deficient or for less than or equal to 42 d. A methionine load was administered at the end of each dietary phase. Results: Two hours after the methionine load, choline-deficient mice had plasma homocysteine concentrations twice those of choline-fed mice. Four hours after the methionine load, clinically choline-depleted men had plasma homocysteine concentrations that were 35% greater than those in men not choline depleted. Conclusion: These results suggest that choline, like folate, plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine in humans and that response to a methionine load may be useful when assessing choline nutriture. |
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Elevated homocysteine concentrations can be caused by decreased methylation of homocysteine to form methionine, as occurs in folate deficiency. A parallel pathway exists for methylation of homocysteine, in which choline, by way of betaine, is the methyl donor. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether choline deficiency results in a decreased capacity to methylate homocysteine. Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 35 mmol choline/kg diet for 3 wk. We then administered an oral methionine load to the animals and measured plasma homocysteine concentrations. Also, in a pilot study, we examined 8 men who were fed a diet providing 550 mg choline/d per 70 kg body weight for 10 d, followed by a diet providing almost no choline, until the subjects were clinically judged to be choline deficient or for less than or equal to 42 d. A methionine load was administered at the end of each dietary phase. Results: Two hours after the methionine load, choline-deficient mice had plasma homocysteine concentrations twice those of choline-fed mice. Four hours after the methionine load, clinically choline-depleted men had plasma homocysteine concentrations that were 35% greater than those in men not choline depleted. Conclusion: These results suggest that choline, like folate, plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine in humans and that response to a methionine load may be useful when assessing choline nutriture.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.440</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15699233</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCNAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: American Society for Clinical Nutrition</publisher><subject>Adult ; amino acid metabolism ; Amino acids ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood vessels ; Cardiovascular disease ; choline ; Choline - administration & dosage ; Choline - metabolism ; Choline Deficiency - blood ; Choline Deficiency - metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Diet ; experimental diets ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; homocysteine ; Homocysteine - blood ; Homocysteine - metabolism ; Humans ; Lipotropic Agents - administration & dosage ; Liver - metabolism ; Male ; men ; methionine ; Methionine - administration & dosage ; Methionine - metabolism ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Middle Aged ; nutrient deficiencies ; Nutrition ; Nutritional Status ; Pilot Projects ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Vitamin B</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2005-02, Vol.81 (2), p.440-444</ispartof><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Feb 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-cbfeda20a4de0045e8b49e25d533fd682fefa2c01774d0e6507c99a8759408e13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-cbfeda20a4de0045e8b49e25d533fd682fefa2c01774d0e6507c99a8759408e13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16524834$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15699233$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>da Costa, K.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaffney, C.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, L.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeisel, S.H</creatorcontrib><title>Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load</title><title>The American journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Background: Elevated concentrations of homocysteine in blood may be an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated homocysteine concentrations can be caused by decreased methylation of homocysteine to form methionine, as occurs in folate deficiency. A parallel pathway exists for methylation of homocysteine, in which choline, by way of betaine, is the methyl donor. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether choline deficiency results in a decreased capacity to methylate homocysteine. Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 35 mmol choline/kg diet for 3 wk. We then administered an oral methionine load to the animals and measured plasma homocysteine concentrations. Also, in a pilot study, we examined 8 men who were fed a diet providing 550 mg choline/d per 70 kg body weight for 10 d, followed by a diet providing almost no choline, until the subjects were clinically judged to be choline deficient or for less than or equal to 42 d. A methionine load was administered at the end of each dietary phase. Results: Two hours after the methionine load, choline-deficient mice had plasma homocysteine concentrations twice those of choline-fed mice. Four hours after the methionine load, clinically choline-depleted men had plasma homocysteine concentrations that were 35% greater than those in men not choline depleted. Conclusion: These results suggest that choline, like folate, plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine in humans and that response to a methionine load may be useful when assessing choline nutriture.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>amino acid metabolism</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>choline</subject><subject>Choline - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Choline - metabolism</subject><subject>Choline Deficiency - blood</subject><subject>Choline Deficiency - metabolism</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>experimental diets</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>homocysteine</subject><subject>Homocysteine - blood</subject><subject>Homocysteine - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lipotropic Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Liver - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>men</subject><subject>methionine</subject><subject>Methionine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Methionine - metabolism</subject><subject>Methylation</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>nutrient deficiencies</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Vitamin B</subject><issn>0002-9165</issn><issn>1938-3207</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0U2LFDEQBuBGFHdcPXrVIOitx3x1p3NcBr9gwYPuOdQkFTtDdzIm3ciAP94MM7DgqSh4eCnqbZrXjG4Z1eIjHGzcDmzLt1LSJ82GaTG0glP1tNlQSnmrWd_dNC9KOVDKuBz6580N63qtuRCb5u9uTFOISBz6YANGeyIhkjlYJBAdGdcZYiGhECgl2QALOvInLGNVNiOUuh4nKDOQMc3JnsqC5zibosW4ZFhCigT8gpkAmXEZ634GUwL3snnmYSr46jpvm4fPn37uvrb33798293dt1YytrR279EBpyAdUio7HPZSI-9cJ4R3_cA9euCWMqWko9h3VFmtYVCdlnRAJm6bD5fcY06_VyyLmUOxOE0QMa3F9ErWVypR4bv_4CGtOdbbDBdMS9FzXVF7QTanUjJ6c8xhhnwyjJpzJ-bciRmY4aZ2Uv2ba-i6n9E96msJFby_AigWJp8h2lAeXd_V2oSs7u3FeUgGfuVqHn5wygSlWimmlfgH_YCfuw</recordid><startdate>20050201</startdate><enddate>20050201</enddate><creator>da Costa, K.A</creator><creator>Gaffney, C.E</creator><creator>Fischer, L.M</creator><creator>Zeisel, S.H</creator><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050201</creationdate><title>Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load</title><author>da Costa, K.A ; Gaffney, C.E ; Fischer, L.M ; Zeisel, S.H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c411t-cbfeda20a4de0045e8b49e25d533fd682fefa2c01774d0e6507c99a8759408e13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>amino acid metabolism</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood vessels</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>choline</topic><topic>Choline - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Choline - metabolism</topic><topic>Choline Deficiency - blood</topic><topic>Choline Deficiency - metabolism</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>experimental diets</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>homocysteine</topic><topic>Homocysteine - blood</topic><topic>Homocysteine - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lipotropic Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Liver - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>men</topic><topic>methionine</topic><topic>Methionine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Methionine - metabolism</topic><topic>Methylation</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>nutrient deficiencies</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutritional Status</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>Vitamin B</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>da Costa, K.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaffney, C.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, L.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeisel, S.H</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>da Costa, K.A</au><au>Gaffney, C.E</au><au>Fischer, L.M</au><au>Zeisel, S.H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2005-02-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>81</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>440</spage><epage>444</epage><pages>440-444</pages><issn>0002-9165</issn><eissn>1938-3207</eissn><coden>AJCNAC</coden><abstract>Background: Elevated concentrations of homocysteine in blood may be an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Elevated homocysteine concentrations can be caused by decreased methylation of homocysteine to form methionine, as occurs in folate deficiency. A parallel pathway exists for methylation of homocysteine, in which choline, by way of betaine, is the methyl donor. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether choline deficiency results in a decreased capacity to methylate homocysteine. Design: C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 0, 10, or 35 mmol choline/kg diet for 3 wk. We then administered an oral methionine load to the animals and measured plasma homocysteine concentrations. Also, in a pilot study, we examined 8 men who were fed a diet providing 550 mg choline/d per 70 kg body weight for 10 d, followed by a diet providing almost no choline, until the subjects were clinically judged to be choline deficient or for less than or equal to 42 d. A methionine load was administered at the end of each dietary phase. Results: Two hours after the methionine load, choline-deficient mice had plasma homocysteine concentrations twice those of choline-fed mice. Four hours after the methionine load, clinically choline-depleted men had plasma homocysteine concentrations that were 35% greater than those in men not choline depleted. Conclusion: These results suggest that choline, like folate, plays an important role in the metabolism of homocysteine in humans and that response to a methionine load may be useful when assessing choline nutriture.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</pub><pmid>15699233</pmid><doi>10.1093/ajcn.81.2.440</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult amino acid metabolism Amino acids Analysis of Variance Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood vessels Cardiovascular disease choline Choline - administration & dosage Choline - metabolism Choline Deficiency - blood Choline Deficiency - metabolism Cross-Over Studies Diet experimental diets Feeding. Feeding behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology homocysteine Homocysteine - blood Homocysteine - metabolism Humans Lipotropic Agents - administration & dosage Liver - metabolism Male men methionine Methionine - administration & dosage Methionine - metabolism Methylation Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Middle Aged nutrient deficiencies Nutrition Nutritional Status Pilot Projects Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Vitamin B |
title | Choline deficiency in mice and humans is associated with increased plasma homocysteine concentration after a methionine load |
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