Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors
Background Laws restricting sales of tobacco products to minors exist in many countries, but young people may still purchase cigarettes easily. Objectives The review assesses the effects of interventions to reduce underage access to tobacco by deterring shopkeepers from making illegal sales. Search...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2005-01, Vol.2008 (3), p.CD001497-CD001497 |
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| container_end_page | CD001497 |
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| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | CD001497 |
| container_title | Cochrane database of systematic reviews |
| container_volume | 2008 |
| creator | Stead, Lindsay F Lancaster, Tim Stead, Lindsay F |
| description | Background
Laws restricting sales of tobacco products to minors exist in many countries, but young people may still purchase cigarettes easily.
Objectives
The review assesses the effects of interventions to reduce underage access to tobacco by deterring shopkeepers from making illegal sales.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction group trials register, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Date of the most recent searches: April 2008.
Selection criteria
We included controlled trials and uncontrolled studies with pre‐ and post‐intervention assessment of interventions to change retailers' behaviour. The outcomes were changes in retailer compliance with legislation (assessed by test purchasing), and changes in young people's smoking behaviour and their perceived ease of access to tobacco products.
Data collection and analysis
Studies were prescreened for relevance by one person and assessed for inclusion by two people independently. Data from included studies were extracted by one person and checked by a second. Study designs and types of intervention were heterogeneous so results were synthesised narratively, with greater weight given to controlled studies.
Main results
We identified 35 studies of which 14 had data from a control group for at least one outcome. Giving retailers information was less effective in reducing illegal sales than active enforcement and/or multicomponent educational strategies. No strategy achieved complete, sustained compliance. In three controlled trials, there was little effect of intervention on youth perceptions of access to tobacco products or prevalence of youth smoking.
Authors' conclusions
Interventions with retailers can lead to large decreases in the number of outlets selling tobacco to youths. However, few of the communities studied in this review achieved sustained levels of high compliance. This may explain why there is limited evidence for an effect of intervention on youth perception of ease of access to tobacco, and on smoking behaviour. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/14651858.CD001497.pub2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_67384713</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>67384713</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4382-4126403d1fbce884bbae11a3b48cd98f2d395de266d246d7465ec99c8c1ee4ca3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkM1OwzAQhC0EoqXwClVO3FL8F8c5QilQqRIXOFu2s4GgJA52Aurbk9BWIC6cdlczu7P6EJoTvCAY0yvCRUJkIhfLW4wJz9JF2xt6hKajEI_K8a9-gs5CeMOYiYymp2hCEpFyKfEU8XXTgf-ApitdE6LC-aj18D03L1HnjLbWRUFXEIYpqsvG-XCOTgpdBbjY1xl6vls9LR_izeP9enm9iS1nksacUMExy0lhLEjJjdFAiGaGS5tnsqA5y5IcqBA55SJPh2_BZpmVlgBwq9kMXe7utt699xA6VZfBQlXpBlwflEiZ5Clhg1HsjNa7EDwUqvVlrf1WEaxGXurASx14qZHXsDjfJ_SmhvxnbQ9oMNzsDJ9lBVtlnX31Q_o_d_-kfAFyK3sb</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>67384713</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Stead, Lindsay F ; Lancaster, Tim ; Stead, Lindsay F</creator><creatorcontrib>Stead, Lindsay F ; Lancaster, Tim ; Stead, Lindsay F</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Laws restricting sales of tobacco products to minors exist in many countries, but young people may still purchase cigarettes easily.
Objectives
The review assesses the effects of interventions to reduce underage access to tobacco by deterring shopkeepers from making illegal sales.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction group trials register, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Date of the most recent searches: April 2008.
Selection criteria
We included controlled trials and uncontrolled studies with pre‐ and post‐intervention assessment of interventions to change retailers' behaviour. The outcomes were changes in retailer compliance with legislation (assessed by test purchasing), and changes in young people's smoking behaviour and their perceived ease of access to tobacco products.
Data collection and analysis
Studies were prescreened for relevance by one person and assessed for inclusion by two people independently. Data from included studies were extracted by one person and checked by a second. Study designs and types of intervention were heterogeneous so results were synthesised narratively, with greater weight given to controlled studies.
Main results
We identified 35 studies of which 14 had data from a control group for at least one outcome. Giving retailers information was less effective in reducing illegal sales than active enforcement and/or multicomponent educational strategies. No strategy achieved complete, sustained compliance. In three controlled trials, there was little effect of intervention on youth perceptions of access to tobacco products or prevalence of youth smoking.
Authors' conclusions
Interventions with retailers can lead to large decreases in the number of outlets selling tobacco to youths. However, few of the communities studied in this review achieved sustained levels of high compliance. This may explain why there is limited evidence for an effect of intervention on youth perception of ease of access to tobacco, and on smoking behaviour.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1465-1858</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1465-1858</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-493X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001497.pub2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15674880</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child health ; Commerce ; Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence ; Effects of government policy on tobacco use ; Governmental ; Humans ; Interventions at the population level ; Interventions to prevent tobacco use ; Lungs & airways ; Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences ; Preventing tobacco use in young people ; Smoking ; Smoking - legislation & jurisprudence ; Smoking - psychology ; Smoking cessation ; Smoking Prevention ; Social Control, Formal ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Industry ; Tobacco Industry - legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco, drugs & alcohol ; Tobacco, drugs & alcohol dependence]]></subject><ispartof>Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2005-01, Vol.2008 (3), p.CD001497-CD001497</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4382-4126403d1fbce884bbae11a3b48cd98f2d395de266d246d7465ec99c8c1ee4ca3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4382-4126403d1fbce884bbae11a3b48cd98f2d395de266d246d7465ec99c8c1ee4ca3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15674880$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stead, Lindsay F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lancaster, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stead, Lindsay F</creatorcontrib><title>Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors</title><title>Cochrane database of systematic reviews</title><addtitle>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</addtitle><description>Background
Laws restricting sales of tobacco products to minors exist in many countries, but young people may still purchase cigarettes easily.
Objectives
The review assesses the effects of interventions to reduce underage access to tobacco by deterring shopkeepers from making illegal sales.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction group trials register, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Date of the most recent searches: April 2008.
Selection criteria
We included controlled trials and uncontrolled studies with pre‐ and post‐intervention assessment of interventions to change retailers' behaviour. The outcomes were changes in retailer compliance with legislation (assessed by test purchasing), and changes in young people's smoking behaviour and their perceived ease of access to tobacco products.
Data collection and analysis
Studies were prescreened for relevance by one person and assessed for inclusion by two people independently. Data from included studies were extracted by one person and checked by a second. Study designs and types of intervention were heterogeneous so results were synthesised narratively, with greater weight given to controlled studies.
Main results
We identified 35 studies of which 14 had data from a control group for at least one outcome. Giving retailers information was less effective in reducing illegal sales than active enforcement and/or multicomponent educational strategies. No strategy achieved complete, sustained compliance. In three controlled trials, there was little effect of intervention on youth perceptions of access to tobacco products or prevalence of youth smoking.
Authors' conclusions
Interventions with retailers can lead to large decreases in the number of outlets selling tobacco to youths. However, few of the communities studied in this review achieved sustained levels of high compliance. This may explain why there is limited evidence for an effect of intervention on youth perception of ease of access to tobacco, and on smoking behaviour.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescent Behavior</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child health</subject><subject>Commerce</subject><subject>Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Effects of government policy on tobacco use</subject><subject>Governmental</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interventions at the population level</subject><subject>Interventions to prevent tobacco use</subject><subject>Lungs & airways</subject><subject>Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences</subject><subject>Preventing tobacco use in young people</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>Smoking cessation</subject><subject>Smoking Prevention</subject><subject>Social Control, Formal</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Tobacco Industry</subject><subject>Tobacco Industry - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Tobacco, drugs & alcohol</subject><subject>Tobacco, drugs & alcohol dependence</subject><issn>1465-1858</issn><issn>1465-1858</issn><issn>1469-493X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RWY</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkM1OwzAQhC0EoqXwClVO3FL8F8c5QilQqRIXOFu2s4GgJA52Aurbk9BWIC6cdlczu7P6EJoTvCAY0yvCRUJkIhfLW4wJz9JF2xt6hKajEI_K8a9-gs5CeMOYiYymp2hCEpFyKfEU8XXTgf-ApitdE6LC-aj18D03L1HnjLbWRUFXEIYpqsvG-XCOTgpdBbjY1xl6vls9LR_izeP9enm9iS1nksacUMExy0lhLEjJjdFAiGaGS5tnsqA5y5IcqBA55SJPh2_BZpmVlgBwq9kMXe7utt699xA6VZfBQlXpBlwflEiZ5Clhg1HsjNa7EDwUqvVlrf1WEaxGXurASx14qZHXsDjfJ_SmhvxnbQ9oMNzsDJ9lBVtlnX31Q_o_d_-kfAFyK3sb</recordid><startdate>20050125</startdate><enddate>20050125</enddate><creator>Stead, Lindsay F</creator><creator>Lancaster, Tim</creator><creator>Stead, Lindsay F</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><scope>7PX</scope><scope>RWY</scope><scope>ZYTZH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050125</creationdate><title>Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors</title><author>Stead, Lindsay F ; Lancaster, Tim ; Stead, Lindsay F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4382-4126403d1fbce884bbae11a3b48cd98f2d395de266d246d7465ec99c8c1ee4ca3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescent Behavior</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child health</topic><topic>Commerce</topic><topic>Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Effects of government policy on tobacco use</topic><topic>Governmental</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interventions at the population level</topic><topic>Interventions to prevent tobacco use</topic><topic>Lungs & airways</topic><topic>Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences</topic><topic>Preventing tobacco use in young people</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Smoking - psychology</topic><topic>Smoking cessation</topic><topic>Smoking Prevention</topic><topic>Social Control, Formal</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Tobacco Industry</topic><topic>Tobacco Industry - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Tobacco, drugs & alcohol</topic><topic>Tobacco, drugs & alcohol dependence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stead, Lindsay F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lancaster, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stead, Lindsay F</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley-Blackwell Cochrane Library</collection><collection>Cochrane Library</collection><collection>Cochrane Library (Open Aceess)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cochrane database of systematic reviews</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stead, Lindsay F</au><au>Lancaster, Tim</au><au>Stead, Lindsay F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors</atitle><jtitle>Cochrane database of systematic reviews</jtitle><addtitle>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</addtitle><date>2005-01-25</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>2008</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>CD001497</spage><epage>CD001497</epage><pages>CD001497-CD001497</pages><issn>1465-1858</issn><eissn>1465-1858</eissn><eissn>1469-493X</eissn><abstract>Background
Laws restricting sales of tobacco products to minors exist in many countries, but young people may still purchase cigarettes easily.
Objectives
The review assesses the effects of interventions to reduce underage access to tobacco by deterring shopkeepers from making illegal sales.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction group trials register, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Date of the most recent searches: April 2008.
Selection criteria
We included controlled trials and uncontrolled studies with pre‐ and post‐intervention assessment of interventions to change retailers' behaviour. The outcomes were changes in retailer compliance with legislation (assessed by test purchasing), and changes in young people's smoking behaviour and their perceived ease of access to tobacco products.
Data collection and analysis
Studies were prescreened for relevance by one person and assessed for inclusion by two people independently. Data from included studies were extracted by one person and checked by a second. Study designs and types of intervention were heterogeneous so results were synthesised narratively, with greater weight given to controlled studies.
Main results
We identified 35 studies of which 14 had data from a control group for at least one outcome. Giving retailers information was less effective in reducing illegal sales than active enforcement and/or multicomponent educational strategies. No strategy achieved complete, sustained compliance. In three controlled trials, there was little effect of intervention on youth perceptions of access to tobacco products or prevalence of youth smoking.
Authors' conclusions
Interventions with retailers can lead to large decreases in the number of outlets selling tobacco to youths. However, few of the communities studied in this review achieved sustained levels of high compliance. This may explain why there is limited evidence for an effect of intervention on youth perception of ease of access to tobacco, and on smoking behaviour.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>15674880</pmid><doi>10.1002/14651858.CD001497.pub2</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1465-1858 |
| ispartof | Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2005-01, Vol.2008 (3), p.CD001497-CD001497 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescent Behavior Age Factors Child Child health Commerce Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence Effects of government policy on tobacco use Governmental Humans Interventions at the population level Interventions to prevent tobacco use Lungs & airways Medicine General & Introductory Medical Sciences Preventing tobacco use in young people Smoking Smoking - legislation & jurisprudence Smoking - psychology Smoking cessation Smoking Prevention Social Control, Formal Tobacco Tobacco Industry Tobacco Industry - legislation & jurisprudence Tobacco, drugs & alcohol Tobacco, drugs & alcohol dependence |
| title | Interventions for preventing tobacco sales to minors |
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