Enamel defects and dental caries in 9-year-old children living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas of Auckland, New Zealand
– Objectives: This epidemiological study aims to investigate the developmental enamel defects and dental caries among 9‐year‐old children resident in fluoridated and nonfluoridated regions in Auckland, New Zealand. Methods: A stratified, two‐stage random selection design where strata were defined...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 2009-06, Vol.37 (3), p.250-259 |
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| creator | Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan Schluter, Philip Durward, Callum Mahood, Robyn Mackay, Tim |
| description | – Objectives: This epidemiological study aims to investigate the developmental enamel defects and dental caries among 9‐year‐old children resident in fluoridated and nonfluoridated regions in Auckland, New Zealand.
Methods: A stratified, two‐stage random selection design where strata were defined by fluoridation status, school size, and school decile. After informed consent was obtained, parents completed oral health questionnaires and children underwent dental examinations at school clinics.
Results: 612 children from 38 schools participated in the study. Overall, 175 (29%) children had lived continuously in fluoridated areas, 149 (24%) had lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas, and 288 (47%) had resided intermittently in fluoridated areas. Diffuse opacities were present in 117 (19%) children and deciduous teeth dental caries was seen in 370 (60%) children. After adjustment for covariates, a strong dose–response relationship between diffuse opacity and fluoridation status was found, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 4.17 times as likely to have diffuse opacities as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00465.x |
| format | Article |
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Methods: A stratified, two‐stage random selection design where strata were defined by fluoridation status, school size, and school decile. After informed consent was obtained, parents completed oral health questionnaires and children underwent dental examinations at school clinics.
Results: 612 children from 38 schools participated in the study. Overall, 175 (29%) children had lived continuously in fluoridated areas, 149 (24%) had lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas, and 288 (47%) had resided intermittently in fluoridated areas. Diffuse opacities were present in 117 (19%) children and deciduous teeth dental caries was seen in 370 (60%) children. After adjustment for covariates, a strong dose–response relationship between diffuse opacity and fluoridation status was found, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 4.17 times as likely to have diffuse opacities as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001). Conversely, a strong protective dose–response relationship between caries experience and fluoridation status was seen, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 0.42 times as likely to have dental caries as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Reticulated water fluoridation in Auckland reduces the risk of dental caries but increases the risk of diffuse opacities in 9‐year‐old children. Guidelines and health‐promotion strategies that enable children to minimize their risk to diffuse opacities yet reduce their risk of dental caries should be reviewed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-5661</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1600-0528</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00465.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19302574</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject><![CDATA[caries ; Cariostatic Agents - administration & dosage ; Cariostatic Agents - therapeutic use ; Child ; Children & youth ; Dental caries ; Dental Caries - epidemiology ; Dental Enamel - abnormalities ; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia - epidemiology ; Dental health ; Dental Restoration, Permanent - statistics & numerical data ; Dentistry ; diffuse opacities ; DMF Index ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Fluoridation ; Fluoridation - statistics & numerical data ; Fluorides - administration & dosage ; Fluorides - therapeutic use ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; New Zealand - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; public health ; Social Class ; Tablets ; Tooth Loss - epidemiology ; Tooth, Deciduous - abnormalities ; Tooth, Deciduous - pathology ; Toothpastes - therapeutic use ; White People - statistics & numerical data]]></subject><ispartof>Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 2009-06, Vol.37 (3), p.250-259</ispartof><rights>2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4635-91d803860e9dc5f519e26ca6f1bd049548bf6cce3fc818d59abad0278219f8303</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4635-91d803860e9dc5f519e26ca6f1bd049548bf6cce3fc818d59abad0278219f8303</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0528.2009.00465.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0528.2009.00465.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,27929,27930,45579,45580</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19302574$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schluter, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durward, Callum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahood, Robyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mackay, Tim</creatorcontrib><title>Enamel defects and dental caries in 9-year-old children living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas of Auckland, New Zealand</title><title>Community dentistry and oral epidemiology</title><addtitle>Community Dent Oral Epidemiol</addtitle><description>– Objectives: This epidemiological study aims to investigate the developmental enamel defects and dental caries among 9‐year‐old children resident in fluoridated and nonfluoridated regions in Auckland, New Zealand.
Methods: A stratified, two‐stage random selection design where strata were defined by fluoridation status, school size, and school decile. After informed consent was obtained, parents completed oral health questionnaires and children underwent dental examinations at school clinics.
Results: 612 children from 38 schools participated in the study. Overall, 175 (29%) children had lived continuously in fluoridated areas, 149 (24%) had lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas, and 288 (47%) had resided intermittently in fluoridated areas. Diffuse opacities were present in 117 (19%) children and deciduous teeth dental caries was seen in 370 (60%) children. After adjustment for covariates, a strong dose–response relationship between diffuse opacity and fluoridation status was found, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 4.17 times as likely to have diffuse opacities as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001). Conversely, a strong protective dose–response relationship between caries experience and fluoridation status was seen, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 0.42 times as likely to have dental caries as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Reticulated water fluoridation in Auckland reduces the risk of dental caries but increases the risk of diffuse opacities in 9‐year‐old children. Guidelines and health‐promotion strategies that enable children to minimize their risk to diffuse opacities yet reduce their risk of dental caries should be reviewed.</description><subject>caries</subject><subject>Cariostatic Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Cariostatic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Dental caries</subject><subject>Dental Caries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dental Enamel - abnormalities</subject><subject>Dental Enamel Hypoplasia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dental health</subject><subject>Dental Restoration, Permanent - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>diffuse opacities</subject><subject>DMF Index</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluoridation</subject><subject>Fluoridation - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Fluorides - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Fluorides - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Forecasting</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>New Zealand - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>public health</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Tablets</subject><subject>Tooth Loss - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tooth, Deciduous - abnormalities</subject><subject>Tooth, Deciduous - pathology</subject><subject>Toothpastes - therapeutic use</subject><subject>White People - statistics & numerical data</subject><issn>0301-5661</issn><issn>1600-0528</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9v0zAYhyMEYt3gKyCLAycSXsexYx84TKFsSNMmBAiJi-XabyCdm2x2w9rTvjpOWw3BBXzxn_d5Xtn-ZRmhUNA03iwLKgBy4KUsSgBVAFSCF5tH2eyh8DibAQOacyHoUXYc4xKA1kyIp9kRVQxKXlez7H7emxV64rBFu47E9C6t-7XxxJrQYSRdT1S-RRPywTtif3TeBeyJ7352_fep2vpxCJ0za3Q7vR_6P44CmkiGlpyO9ton4DW5xDvyDc20eZY9aY2P-Pwwn2Rf3s8_N-f5xdXZh-b0IreVYDxX1ElgUgAqZ3nLqcJSWCNaunBQKV7JRSusRdZaSaXjyiyMg7KWJVWtZMBOslf7vjdhuB0xrvWqixZ9ugMOY9SiZpUELv8JliC4ooIm8OVf4HIYQ58eoadISs54lSC5h2wYYgzY6pvQrUzYagp6ilIv9ZSYnhLbeXoXpd4k9cWh_7hYofstHrJLwNs9cNd53P53Y928u5qnVfLzvd_FNW4efBOup9-ouf56eabPVdN8athHXbNfNH27UA</recordid><startdate>200906</startdate><enddate>200906</enddate><creator>Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan</creator><creator>Schluter, Philip</creator><creator>Durward, Callum</creator><creator>Mahood, Robyn</creator><creator>Mackay, Tim</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200906</creationdate><title>Enamel defects and dental caries in 9-year-old children living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas of Auckland, New Zealand</title><author>Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan ; Schluter, Philip ; Durward, Callum ; Mahood, Robyn ; Mackay, Tim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4635-91d803860e9dc5f519e26ca6f1bd049548bf6cce3fc818d59abad0278219f8303</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>caries</topic><topic>Cariostatic Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Cariostatic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Dental caries</topic><topic>Dental Caries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Dental Enamel - abnormalities</topic><topic>Dental Enamel Hypoplasia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Dental health</topic><topic>Dental Restoration, Permanent - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>diffuse opacities</topic><topic>DMF Index</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fluoridation</topic><topic>Fluoridation - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Fluorides - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Fluorides - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Forecasting</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>New Zealand - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>public health</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Tablets</topic><topic>Tooth Loss - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tooth, Deciduous - abnormalities</topic><topic>Tooth, Deciduous - pathology</topic><topic>Toothpastes - therapeutic use</topic><topic>White People - statistics & numerical data</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schluter, Philip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Durward, Callum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahood, Robyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mackay, Tim</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Community dentistry and oral epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan</au><au>Schluter, Philip</au><au>Durward, Callum</au><au>Mahood, Robyn</au><au>Mackay, Tim</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Enamel defects and dental caries in 9-year-old children living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas of Auckland, New Zealand</atitle><jtitle>Community dentistry and oral epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Community Dent Oral Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2009-06</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>250</spage><epage>259</epage><pages>250-259</pages><issn>0301-5661</issn><eissn>1600-0528</eissn><abstract>– Objectives: This epidemiological study aims to investigate the developmental enamel defects and dental caries among 9‐year‐old children resident in fluoridated and nonfluoridated regions in Auckland, New Zealand.
Methods: A stratified, two‐stage random selection design where strata were defined by fluoridation status, school size, and school decile. After informed consent was obtained, parents completed oral health questionnaires and children underwent dental examinations at school clinics.
Results: 612 children from 38 schools participated in the study. Overall, 175 (29%) children had lived continuously in fluoridated areas, 149 (24%) had lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas, and 288 (47%) had resided intermittently in fluoridated areas. Diffuse opacities were present in 117 (19%) children and deciduous teeth dental caries was seen in 370 (60%) children. After adjustment for covariates, a strong dose–response relationship between diffuse opacity and fluoridation status was found, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 4.17 times as likely to have diffuse opacities as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001). Conversely, a strong protective dose–response relationship between caries experience and fluoridation status was seen, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 0.42 times as likely to have dental caries as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Reticulated water fluoridation in Auckland reduces the risk of dental caries but increases the risk of diffuse opacities in 9‐year‐old children. Guidelines and health‐promotion strategies that enable children to minimize their risk to diffuse opacities yet reduce their risk of dental caries should be reviewed.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>19302574</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00465.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | caries Cariostatic Agents - administration & dosage Cariostatic Agents - therapeutic use Child Children & youth Dental caries Dental Caries - epidemiology Dental Enamel - abnormalities Dental Enamel Hypoplasia - epidemiology Dental health Dental Restoration, Permanent - statistics & numerical data Dentistry diffuse opacities DMF Index Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Female Fluoridation Fluoridation - statistics & numerical data Fluorides - administration & dosage Fluorides - therapeutic use Forecasting Humans Male New Zealand - epidemiology Prevalence public health Social Class Tablets Tooth Loss - epidemiology Tooth, Deciduous - abnormalities Tooth, Deciduous - pathology Toothpastes - therapeutic use White People - statistics & numerical data |
| title | Enamel defects and dental caries in 9-year-old children living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas of Auckland, New Zealand |
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