COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF-C and lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Recent observations suggest an implication of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in tumor lymphangiogenesis through an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. It is unknown whether this mechanism also acts in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. We performed a retr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Modern pathology 2005-01, Vol.18 (1), p.153-160 |
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| description | Recent observations suggest an implication of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in tumor lymphangiogenesis through an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. It is unknown whether this mechanism also acts in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. We performed a retrospective study of 70 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in order to investigate whether COX-2 immunohistochemical expression correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. We also examined the association of the expression of these molecules with clinicopathologic parameters (especially lymph node status) and outcome for these patients. We performed immunostaining on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by the routine streptavidin–biotin peroxidase labeled procedure. Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression was observed in 30 of the 68 tumor samples (44%), while high vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression occurred in 26 of the 68 tumor samples (38%). High expression of the two proteins was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and the observed association was even stronger when there was overexpression for both the antibodies (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/modpathol.3800244 |
| format | Article |
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It is unknown whether this mechanism also acts in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. We performed a retrospective study of 70 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in order to investigate whether COX-2 immunohistochemical expression correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. We also examined the association of the expression of these molecules with clinicopathologic parameters (especially lymph node status) and outcome for these patients. We performed immunostaining on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by the routine streptavidin–biotin peroxidase labeled procedure. Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression was observed in 30 of the 68 tumor samples (44%), while high vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression occurred in 26 of the 68 tumor samples (38%). High expression of the two proteins was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and the observed association was even stronger when there was overexpression for both the antibodies (P<0.001). High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C, but not of COX-2 was correlated with increased mortality in patients with oral–larynx squamous cell carcinoma. When multivariate Cox regression model was applied, the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, combined with overexpression of both the antibodies, was the only independent prognostic factor for mortality of these patients. Our results suggest that a lymphangiogenic pathway, in which COX-2 overexpression stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C upregulation, probably exists in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Also, the predictive ability for mortality of regional lymph node metastasis can be improved with the combined evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of these two proteins.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0893-3952</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1530-0285</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800244</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15272284</identifier><identifier>CODEN: MODPEO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Female ; head and neck cancer ; Head and Neck Neoplasms - metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laboratory Medicine ; lymphangiogenesis ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Membrane Proteins ; metastasis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; original-article ; Pathology ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - biosynthesis ; Retrospective Studies ; survival ; Survival Analysis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C - biosynthesis ; vascular endothelial growth factor-C</subject><ispartof>Modern pathology, 2005-01, Vol.18 (1), p.153-160</ispartof><rights>2005 United States & Canadian Academy of Pathology</rights><rights>United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc. 2005</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-e4d8c448a704ebd4cae84b2a4d4ac98051c033a2d5027cdf2850531382147ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-e4d8c448a704ebd4cae84b2a4d4ac98051c033a2d5027cdf2850531382147ec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15272284$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kyzas, Panayiotis A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefanou, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Agnantis, Niki J</creatorcontrib><title>COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF-C and lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</title><title>Modern pathology</title><addtitle>Mod Pathol</addtitle><addtitle>Mod Pathol</addtitle><description>Recent observations suggest an implication of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in tumor lymphangiogenesis through an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. It is unknown whether this mechanism also acts in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. We performed a retrospective study of 70 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in order to investigate whether COX-2 immunohistochemical expression correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. We also examined the association of the expression of these molecules with clinicopathologic parameters (especially lymph node status) and outcome for these patients. We performed immunostaining on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by the routine streptavidin–biotin peroxidase labeled procedure. Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression was observed in 30 of the 68 tumor samples (44%), while high vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression occurred in 26 of the 68 tumor samples (38%). High expression of the two proteins was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and the observed association was even stronger when there was overexpression for both the antibodies (P<0.001). High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C, but not of COX-2 was correlated with increased mortality in patients with oral–larynx squamous cell carcinoma. When multivariate Cox regression model was applied, the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, combined with overexpression of both the antibodies, was the only independent prognostic factor for mortality of these patients. Our results suggest that a lymphangiogenic pathway, in which COX-2 overexpression stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C upregulation, probably exists in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Also, the predictive ability for mortality of regional lymph node metastasis can be improved with the combined evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of these two proteins.</description><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase 2</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>head and neck cancer</subject><subject>Head and Neck Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>lymphangiogenesis</subject><subject>Lymphatic Metastasis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins</subject><subject>metastasis</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</subject><subject>Neoplasm Staging</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Modern pathology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kyzas, Panayiotis A</au><au>Stefanou, Dimitrios</au><au>Agnantis, Niki J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF-C and lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma</atitle><jtitle>Modern pathology</jtitle><stitle>Mod Pathol</stitle><addtitle>Mod Pathol</addtitle><date>2005-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>153</spage><epage>160</epage><pages>153-160</pages><issn>0893-3952</issn><eissn>1530-0285</eissn><coden>MODPEO</coden><abstract>Recent observations suggest an implication of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in tumor lymphangiogenesis through an upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. It is unknown whether this mechanism also acts in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. We performed a retrospective study of 70 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in order to investigate whether COX-2 immunohistochemical expression correlates with vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. We also examined the association of the expression of these molecules with clinicopathologic parameters (especially lymph node status) and outcome for these patients. We performed immunostaining on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by the routine streptavidin–biotin peroxidase labeled procedure. Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression was observed in 30 of the 68 tumor samples (44%), while high vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression occurred in 26 of the 68 tumor samples (38%). High expression of the two proteins was correlated with the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and the observed association was even stronger when there was overexpression for both the antibodies (P<0.001). High expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C, but not of COX-2 was correlated with increased mortality in patients with oral–larynx squamous cell carcinoma. When multivariate Cox regression model was applied, the presence of lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis, combined with overexpression of both the antibodies, was the only independent prognostic factor for mortality of these patients. Our results suggest that a lymphangiogenic pathway, in which COX-2 overexpression stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C upregulation, probably exists in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Also, the predictive ability for mortality of regional lymph node metastasis can be improved with the combined evaluation of the immunohistochemical expression of these two proteins.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>15272284</pmid><doi>10.1038/modpathol.3800244</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - pathology Cyclooxygenase 2 Female head and neck cancer Head and Neck Neoplasms - metabolism Head and Neck Neoplasms - pathology Humans Immunohistochemistry Laboratory Medicine lymphangiogenesis Lymphatic Metastasis Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Membrane Proteins metastasis Multivariate Analysis Neoplasm Recurrence, Local Neoplasm Staging original-article Pathology Proportional Hazards Models Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - biosynthesis Retrospective Studies survival Survival Analysis Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C - biosynthesis vascular endothelial growth factor-C |
| title | COX-2 expression correlates with VEGF-C and lymph node metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
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