Electronic gaming machines: are they the 'crack-cocaine' of gambling?
ABSTRACT Background There is a general view that electronic gaming is the most ‘addictive’ form of gambling, in that it contributes more to causing problem gambling than any other gambling activity. As such, electronic gaming machines have been referred to as the ‘crack‐cocaine’ of gambling. While...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2005-01, Vol.100 (1), p.33-45 |
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| container_title | Addiction (Abingdon, England) |
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| creator | Dowling, Nicki Smith, David Thomas, Trang |
| description | ABSTRACT
Background There is a general view that electronic gaming is the most ‘addictive’ form of gambling, in that it contributes more to causing problem gambling than any other gambling activity. As such, electronic gaming machines have been referred to as the ‘crack‐cocaine’ of gambling. While this analogy has popular appeal, it is only recently that the scientific community has begun to investigate its validity. In line with the belief that electronic gambling has a higher ‘addictive’ potential than other forms of gambling, research has also begun to focus on identifying the characteristics of gaming machines that may be associated with problem gambling behaviour.
Aims and methods This paper will review the different types of modern electronic gaming machines, and will use the introduction of gaming machines to Australia to examine the association between electronic gaming and problem gambling, with particular reference to the characteristics of modern electronic gaming machines.
Findings and conclusions Despite overwhelming acceptance that gaming machines are associated with the highest level of problem gambling, the empirical literature provides inconclusive evidence to support the analogy likening electronic gaming to ‘crack‐cocaine’. Rigorous and systematic evaluation is required to establish definitively the absolute ‘addictive’ potential of gaming machines and the degree to which machine characteristics influence the development and maintenance of problem gambling behaviour. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x |
| format | Article |
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Background There is a general view that electronic gaming is the most ‘addictive’ form of gambling, in that it contributes more to causing problem gambling than any other gambling activity. As such, electronic gaming machines have been referred to as the ‘crack‐cocaine’ of gambling. While this analogy has popular appeal, it is only recently that the scientific community has begun to investigate its validity. In line with the belief that electronic gambling has a higher ‘addictive’ potential than other forms of gambling, research has also begun to focus on identifying the characteristics of gaming machines that may be associated with problem gambling behaviour.
Aims and methods This paper will review the different types of modern electronic gaming machines, and will use the introduction of gaming machines to Australia to examine the association between electronic gaming and problem gambling, with particular reference to the characteristics of modern electronic gaming machines.
Findings and conclusions Despite overwhelming acceptance that gaming machines are associated with the highest level of problem gambling, the empirical literature provides inconclusive evidence to support the analogy likening electronic gaming to ‘crack‐cocaine’. Rigorous and systematic evaluation is required to establish definitively the absolute ‘addictive’ potential of gaming machines and the degree to which machine characteristics influence the development and maintenance of problem gambling behaviour.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2140</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1360-0443</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15598190</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ADICE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Addiction ; Addictions ; Addictive behaviors ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Australia ; Australia - epidemiology ; Behavior, Addictive - epidemiology ; Behavior, Addictive - psychology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Drug addiction ; Electronic games ; Electronics ; Gambling ; Gambling - psychology ; Gaming machines ; harm minimization ; Harm reduction ; Health ; Humans ; Impulse control disorders ; Medical sciences ; Motivation ; Neuropharmacology ; Pathological gambling ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Prevalence ; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychopharmacology ; Recreation - psychology ; slot machines ; Social problems ; structural characteristics ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2005-01, Vol.100 (1), p.33-45</ispartof><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Carfax Publishing Company Jan 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-9d0e3ea9ce5eee36ddfb10ad8fa553b9bbe34533b14517c9e229609ec3125c103</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-9d0e3ea9ce5eee36ddfb10ad8fa553b9bbe34533b14517c9e229609ec3125c103</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2005.00962.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2005.00962.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,4010,27900,27901,27902,30977,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17064817$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598190$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dowling, Nicki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Trang</creatorcontrib><title>Electronic gaming machines: are they the 'crack-cocaine' of gambling?</title><title>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</title><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Background There is a general view that electronic gaming is the most ‘addictive’ form of gambling, in that it contributes more to causing problem gambling than any other gambling activity. As such, electronic gaming machines have been referred to as the ‘crack‐cocaine’ of gambling. While this analogy has popular appeal, it is only recently that the scientific community has begun to investigate its validity. In line with the belief that electronic gambling has a higher ‘addictive’ potential than other forms of gambling, research has also begun to focus on identifying the characteristics of gaming machines that may be associated with problem gambling behaviour.
Aims and methods This paper will review the different types of modern electronic gaming machines, and will use the introduction of gaming machines to Australia to examine the association between electronic gaming and problem gambling, with particular reference to the characteristics of modern electronic gaming machines.
Findings and conclusions Despite overwhelming acceptance that gaming machines are associated with the highest level of problem gambling, the empirical literature provides inconclusive evidence to support the analogy likening electronic gaming to ‘crack‐cocaine’. Rigorous and systematic evaluation is required to establish definitively the absolute ‘addictive’ potential of gaming machines and the degree to which machine characteristics influence the development and maintenance of problem gambling behaviour.</description><subject>Addiction</subject><subject>Addictions</subject><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Australia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Behavior, Addictive - epidemiology</subject><subject>Behavior, Addictive - psychology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Drug addiction</subject><subject>Electronic games</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Gambling</subject><subject>Gambling - psychology</subject><subject>Gaming machines</subject><subject>harm minimization</subject><subject>Harm reduction</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Impulse control disorders</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Pathological gambling</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Recreation - psychology</subject><subject>slot machines</subject><subject>Social problems</subject><subject>structural characteristics</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0965-2140</issn><issn>1360-0443</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkV1v0zAUhi0EYmXwF1CEBLtKOMeOExshoWntCqKCmyEuLcc52dLlY9itaP89Dq02iZvhC9uyn-fo2C9jCUKGcbxfZygKSCHPRcYBZAagC57tnrDZ_cVTNouHMuWYwwl7EcIaAEql8-fsBKXUCjXM2GLRkdv4cWhdcm37drhOeutu2oHCh8R6SjY3tJ-m5Mx5625TNzobb8-SsZmEqovKp5fsWWO7QK-O6yn7cbm4uvicrr4vv1ycr1InueCproEEWe1IEpEo6rqpEGytGiulqHRVkcilEBXmEkuniXNdgCYnkEuHIE7Zu0PdOz_-2lLYmL4NjrrODjRugylKwREK_SgoS-RCafEoKBQUQqGM4Jt_wPW49UN8rUGtS0SuygipA-T8GIKnxtz5trd-bxDMlJxZmykgMwVkpuTM3-TMLqqvj_W3VU_1g3iMKgJvj4ANznaNt4NrwwNXQpErnHr4eOB-tx3t_7sBcz6fx03U04Pehg3t7nXrb6ffLaX5-W1pLr8uYX4lVqYQfwDxP7_7</recordid><startdate>200501</startdate><enddate>200501</enddate><creator>Dowling, Nicki</creator><creator>Smith, David</creator><creator>Thomas, Trang</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200501</creationdate><title>Electronic gaming machines: are they the 'crack-cocaine' of gambling?</title><author>Dowling, Nicki ; Smith, David ; Thomas, Trang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5232-9d0e3ea9ce5eee36ddfb10ad8fa553b9bbe34533b14517c9e229609ec3125c103</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Addiction</topic><topic>Addictions</topic><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Australia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Behavior, Addictive - epidemiology</topic><topic>Behavior, Addictive - psychology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Drug addiction</topic><topic>Electronic games</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Gambling</topic><topic>Gambling - psychology</topic><topic>Gaming machines</topic><topic>harm minimization</topic><topic>Harm reduction</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Impulse control disorders</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>Pathological gambling</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Recreation - psychology</topic><topic>slot machines</topic><topic>Social problems</topic><topic>structural characteristics</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dowling, Nicki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Trang</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dowling, Nicki</au><au>Smith, David</au><au>Thomas, Trang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Electronic gaming machines: are they the 'crack-cocaine' of gambling?</atitle><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><date>2005-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>33</spage><epage>45</epage><pages>33-45</pages><issn>0965-2140</issn><eissn>1360-0443</eissn><coden>ADICE5</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
Background There is a general view that electronic gaming is the most ‘addictive’ form of gambling, in that it contributes more to causing problem gambling than any other gambling activity. As such, electronic gaming machines have been referred to as the ‘crack‐cocaine’ of gambling. While this analogy has popular appeal, it is only recently that the scientific community has begun to investigate its validity. In line with the belief that electronic gambling has a higher ‘addictive’ potential than other forms of gambling, research has also begun to focus on identifying the characteristics of gaming machines that may be associated with problem gambling behaviour.
Aims and methods This paper will review the different types of modern electronic gaming machines, and will use the introduction of gaming machines to Australia to examine the association between electronic gaming and problem gambling, with particular reference to the characteristics of modern electronic gaming machines.
Findings and conclusions Despite overwhelming acceptance that gaming machines are associated with the highest level of problem gambling, the empirical literature provides inconclusive evidence to support the analogy likening electronic gaming to ‘crack‐cocaine’. Rigorous and systematic evaluation is required to establish definitively the absolute ‘addictive’ potential of gaming machines and the degree to which machine characteristics influence the development and maintenance of problem gambling behaviour.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>15598190</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Addiction Addictions Addictive behaviors Adult and adolescent clinical studies Australia Australia - epidemiology Behavior, Addictive - epidemiology Behavior, Addictive - psychology Biological and medical sciences Drug addiction Electronic games Electronics Gambling Gambling - psychology Gaming machines harm minimization Harm reduction Health Humans Impulse control disorders Medical sciences Motivation Neuropharmacology Pathological gambling Pharmacology. Drug treatments Prevalence Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Recreation - psychology slot machines Social problems structural characteristics Toxicology |
| title | Electronic gaming machines: are they the 'crack-cocaine' of gambling? |
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