The Participation of Secondary Clinical Episodes in the Epidemiology of Vivax Malaria during Pre- and Post-Implementation of Focal Control in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico
The participation of vivax malaria secondary clinical was researched in a retrospective cohort of 33,414 confirmed cases occurring between 1994 and 2005 in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Secondary episodes occurred in 23.4% of all primary cases. An increase in secondary episodes was associated with pr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2009-06, Vol.80 (6), p.889-895 |
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| container_title | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene |
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| creator | Rodriguez, Mario H Betanzos-Reyes, Angel F Hernandez-Avila, Juan E Mendez-Galvan, Jorge F Danis-Lozano, Rogelio Altamirano-Jimenez, Armando |
| description | The participation of vivax malaria secondary clinical was researched in a retrospective cohort of 33,414 confirmed cases occurring between 1994 and 2005 in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Secondary episodes occurred in 23.4% of all primary cases. An increase in secondary episodes was associated with primary cases occurring during the dry seasons (risk ratio [RR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.45-1.96). The incidence of secondary episodes peaked at an older age, occurred similarly in men and women mostly during low mosquito abundance, and had a uniform distribution among localities. A reduction in secondary episodes was associated with the administration of an increased dose and early administration of primaquine (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.26-0.38). However, limitations to distinguish relapses from re-infections impede assessment of the new treatment effect on relapses and its contribution to malaria control in the area. These findings highlight the need for new therapeutic schemes to radical cure of P. vivax infections and operational research aimed at parasite pool elimination. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.889 |
| format | Article |
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Secondary episodes occurred in 23.4% of all primary cases. An increase in secondary episodes was associated with primary cases occurring during the dry seasons (risk ratio [RR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.45-1.96). The incidence of secondary episodes peaked at an older age, occurred similarly in men and women mostly during low mosquito abundance, and had a uniform distribution among localities. A reduction in secondary episodes was associated with the administration of an increased dose and early administration of primaquine (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.26-0.38). However, limitations to distinguish relapses from re-infections impede assessment of the new treatment effect on relapses and its contribution to malaria control in the area. 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Secondary episodes occurred in 23.4% of all primary cases. An increase in secondary episodes was associated with primary cases occurring during the dry seasons (risk ratio [RR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.45-1.96). The incidence of secondary episodes peaked at an older age, occurred similarly in men and women mostly during low mosquito abundance, and had a uniform distribution among localities. A reduction in secondary episodes was associated with the administration of an increased dose and early administration of primaquine (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.26-0.38). However, limitations to distinguish relapses from re-infections impede assessment of the new treatment effect on relapses and its contribution to malaria control in the area. These findings highlight the need for new therapeutic schemes to radical cure of P. vivax infections and operational research aimed at parasite pool elimination.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Antimalarials - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antimalarials - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chloroquine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Chloroquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Drug Therapy, Combination</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Human protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Vivax - prevention & control</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mexico - epidemiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mosquito Control - methods</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Primaquine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Primaquine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Protozoal diseases</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-9637</issn><issn>1476-1645</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFu1DAURSMEotPCB7BB3sCKDLbjOM4SjVqo1KojtbC1XhxnxpVjBzvTmX4Sf1lnGsqSlWW9c8-T3s2yDwQvGeX1V7gf--2SYlwvBV4KUb_KFoRVPCecla-zBcaY5jUvqpPsNMZ7jImghLzNTkjNKkEZW2R_7rYarSGMRpkBRuMd8h261cq7FsIjWlnjjAKLzgcTfasjMg6NKZP-re6Nt37zOEV-mQc4oGuwEAygdheM26B10DkC16K1j2N-2Q9W99qNL3su_KReeTcGb_-ab9NcT9MbOICCL-haH4zy77I3Hdio38_vWfbz4vxu9SO_uvl-ufp2lStWFGPeYqgY17goeV0qxdpG8EJ1FaO6o6LggjUATFHWlG0FRcu6EoBoXXWdKBlvirPs87N3CP73TsdR9iYqbS047XdR8ippKs7_C1IsMBWYJZA8gyr4GIPu5BBMn64rCZZTkfJYpJyKlALLVGTKfJzlu6bX7b_E3FwCPs0AxHTELoBTJr5wlJS8Ko-imduazXZvgpaxB2uTlsj9fp_W8ePCJ9t9trM</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Rodriguez, Mario H</creator><creator>Betanzos-Reyes, Angel F</creator><creator>Hernandez-Avila, Juan E</creator><creator>Mendez-Galvan, Jorge F</creator><creator>Danis-Lozano, Rogelio</creator><creator>Altamirano-Jimenez, Armando</creator><general>ASTMH</general><general>American Society of Tropical Medecine and Hygiene</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>The Participation of Secondary Clinical Episodes in the Epidemiology of Vivax Malaria during Pre- and Post-Implementation of Focal Control in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico</title><author>Rodriguez, Mario H ; Betanzos-Reyes, Angel F ; Hernandez-Avila, Juan E ; Mendez-Galvan, Jorge F ; Danis-Lozano, Rogelio ; Altamirano-Jimenez, Armando</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-d0a746e035695cc4db863cf742ef283684baa4c24b5d7a3d4f5aa1ee7ff8546b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Antimalarials - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antimalarials - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Chloroquine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Chloroquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Drug Therapy, Combination</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Human protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology</topic><topic>Malaria, Vivax - prevention & control</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mexico - epidemiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mosquito Control - methods</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Primaquine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Primaquine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Protozoal diseases</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rodriguez, Mario H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Betanzos-Reyes, Angel F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez-Avila, Juan E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mendez-Galvan, Jorge F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Danis-Lozano, Rogelio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altamirano-Jimenez, Armando</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rodriguez, Mario H</au><au>Betanzos-Reyes, Angel F</au><au>Hernandez-Avila, Juan E</au><au>Mendez-Galvan, Jorge F</au><au>Danis-Lozano, Rogelio</au><au>Altamirano-Jimenez, Armando</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Participation of Secondary Clinical Episodes in the Epidemiology of Vivax Malaria during Pre- and Post-Implementation of Focal Control in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Trop Med Hyg</addtitle><date>2009-06-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>889</spage><epage>895</epage><pages>889-895</pages><issn>0002-9637</issn><eissn>1476-1645</eissn><coden>AJTHAB</coden><abstract>The participation of vivax malaria secondary clinical was researched in a retrospective cohort of 33,414 confirmed cases occurring between 1994 and 2005 in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Secondary episodes occurred in 23.4% of all primary cases. An increase in secondary episodes was associated with primary cases occurring during the dry seasons (risk ratio [RR] = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.45-1.96). The incidence of secondary episodes peaked at an older age, occurred similarly in men and women mostly during low mosquito abundance, and had a uniform distribution among localities. A reduction in secondary episodes was associated with the administration of an increased dose and early administration of primaquine (RR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.26-0.38). However, limitations to distinguish relapses from re-infections impede assessment of the new treatment effect on relapses and its contribution to malaria control in the area. These findings highlight the need for new therapeutic schemes to radical cure of P. vivax infections and operational research aimed at parasite pool elimination.</abstract><cop>Deerfield, IL</cop><pub>ASTMH</pub><pmid>19478244</pmid><doi>10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.889</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Antimalarials - administration & dosage Antimalarials - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Child Child, Preschool Chloroquine - administration & dosage Chloroquine - therapeutic use Cohort Studies Drug Therapy, Combination Female Human protozoal diseases Humans Incidence Infant Infectious diseases Malaria Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology Malaria, Vivax - prevention & control Male Medical sciences Mexico - epidemiology Middle Aged Mosquito Control - methods Parasitic diseases Primaquine - administration & dosage Primaquine - therapeutic use Protozoal diseases Retrospective Studies Seasons Young Adult |
| title | The Participation of Secondary Clinical Episodes in the Epidemiology of Vivax Malaria during Pre- and Post-Implementation of Focal Control in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico |
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