African ancestry is associated with risk of asthma and high total serum IgE in a population from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia
African descended populations exhibit an increased prevalence of asthma and allergies compared to Europeans. One approach to distinguish between environmental and genetic explanations for this difference is to study relationships of asthma risk to individual admixture. We aimed to determine the admi...
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creator | Vergara, Candelaria Caraballo, Luis Mercado, Dilia Jimenez, Silvia Rojas, Winston Rafaels, Nicholas Hand, Tracey Campbell, Monica Tsai, Yuhjung J Gao, Li Duque, Constanza Lopez, Sergio Bedoya, Gabriel Ruiz-Linares, Andrés Barnes, Kathleen C |
description | African descended populations exhibit an increased prevalence of asthma and allergies compared to Europeans. One approach to distinguish between environmental and genetic explanations for this difference is to study relationships of asthma risk to individual admixture. We aimed to determine the admixture proportions of a case-control sample from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia currently participating in genetic studies for asthma, and to test for population stratification and association between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 368 asthmatics and 365 non-asthmatics for 52 autosomal ancestry informative markers, six mtDNA haplogroups and nine haplogroups and five microsatellites in Y chromosome. Autosomal admixture proportions, population stratification, and associations between ancestry and the phenotypes were estimated by ADMIXMAP. The average admixture proportions among asthmatics were 42.8% European, 39.9% African and 17.2% Native American and among non-asthmatics they were 44.2% (P = 0.068), 37.6% (P = 0.007) and 18.1% (P = 0.050), respectively. In the total sample, the paternal contributions were 71% European, 25% African and 4.0% Native American and the maternal lineages were 56.8% Native American, and 20.2% African; 22.9% of the individuals carried other non-Native American mtDNA haplogroups. African ancestry was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.08-8.08), high tIgE (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.17-3.12) and socioeconomic status (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.87). Significant population stratification was observed in this sample. Our findings indicate that genetic factors can explain the association between asthma and African ancestry and suggest that this sample is a useful resource for performing admixture mapping for asthma. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00439-009-0649-2 |
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One approach to distinguish between environmental and genetic explanations for this difference is to study relationships of asthma risk to individual admixture. We aimed to determine the admixture proportions of a case-control sample from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia currently participating in genetic studies for asthma, and to test for population stratification and association between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 368 asthmatics and 365 non-asthmatics for 52 autosomal ancestry informative markers, six mtDNA haplogroups and nine haplogroups and five microsatellites in Y chromosome. Autosomal admixture proportions, population stratification, and associations between ancestry and the phenotypes were estimated by ADMIXMAP. The average admixture proportions among asthmatics were 42.8% European, 39.9% African and 17.2% Native American and among non-asthmatics they were 44.2% (P = 0.068), 37.6% (P = 0.007) and 18.1% (P = 0.050), respectively. In the total sample, the paternal contributions were 71% European, 25% African and 4.0% Native American and the maternal lineages were 56.8% Native American, and 20.2% African; 22.9% of the individuals carried other non-Native American mtDNA haplogroups. African ancestry was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.08-8.08), high tIgE (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.17-3.12) and socioeconomic status (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.87). Significant population stratification was observed in this sample. Our findings indicate that genetic factors can explain the association between asthma and African ancestry and suggest that this sample is a useful resource for performing admixture mapping for asthma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0340-6717</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0649-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19290544</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HUGEDQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>19th century ; Adolescent ; Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics ; Asthma ; Asthma - epidemiology ; Asthma - genetics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma ; Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids ; Colombia - epidemiology ; Disease ; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Frequency ; Gene Function ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Health risk assessment ; Hispanic Americans ; Human ; Human Genetics ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin E - blood ; Immunoglobulin E - genetics ; Indians, North American - genetics ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Metabolic Diseases ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Molecular Medicine ; Native Americans ; Original Investigation ; Pneumology ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Social Class ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Human genetics, 2009-06, Vol.125 (5-6), p.565-579</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2009</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-d1175133923e7cb0e52939aeb30b8c0abf6866254e6a689aacd14a717fbea57d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-d1175133923e7cb0e52939aeb30b8c0abf6866254e6a689aacd14a717fbea57d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00439-009-0649-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00439-009-0649-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,27925,27926,41489,42558,51320</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21501280$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19290544$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Vergara, Candelaria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caraballo, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercado, Dilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jimenez, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Winston</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafaels, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hand, Tracey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Yuhjung J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duque, Constanza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bedoya, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz-Linares, Andrés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnes, Kathleen C</creatorcontrib><title>African ancestry is associated with risk of asthma and high total serum IgE in a population from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia</title><title>Human genetics</title><addtitle>Hum Genet</addtitle><addtitle>Hum Genet</addtitle><description>African descended populations exhibit an increased prevalence of asthma and allergies compared to Europeans. One approach to distinguish between environmental and genetic explanations for this difference is to study relationships of asthma risk to individual admixture. We aimed to determine the admixture proportions of a case-control sample from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia currently participating in genetic studies for asthma, and to test for population stratification and association between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 368 asthmatics and 365 non-asthmatics for 52 autosomal ancestry informative markers, six mtDNA haplogroups and nine haplogroups and five microsatellites in Y chromosome. Autosomal admixture proportions, population stratification, and associations between ancestry and the phenotypes were estimated by ADMIXMAP. The average admixture proportions among asthmatics were 42.8% European, 39.9% African and 17.2% Native American and among non-asthmatics they were 44.2% (P = 0.068), 37.6% (P = 0.007) and 18.1% (P = 0.050), respectively. In the total sample, the paternal contributions were 71% European, 25% African and 4.0% Native American and the maternal lineages were 56.8% Native American, and 20.2% African; 22.9% of the individuals carried other non-Native American mtDNA haplogroups. African ancestry was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.08-8.08), high tIgE (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.17-3.12) and socioeconomic status (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.87). Significant population stratification was observed in this sample. Our findings indicate that genetic factors can explain the association between asthma and African ancestry and suggest that this sample is a useful resource for performing admixture mapping for asthma.</description><subject>19th century</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Asthma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Asthma - genetics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma</subject><subject>Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids</subject><subject>Colombia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Frequency</subject><subject>Gene Function</subject><subject>Genetic Markers</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</subject><subject>Genetics, Population</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hispanic Americans</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin E</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin E - blood</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin E - genetics</subject><subject>Indians, North American - genetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Mitochondrial DNA</subject><subject>Molecular Medicine</subject><subject>Native Americans</subject><subject>Original Investigation</subject><subject>Pneumology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0340-6717</issn><issn>1432-1203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk-L1DAYxoso7jj6AbxoUBQ8VPO_k-MwrDqwILjuObxN007WtplNUnRvfnRTOrisBz2EQPJ7nycPeYriOcHvCcbVh4gxZ6rEOC_JVUkfFCvCGS0JxexhscKM41JWpDornsR4jTERiorHxRlRVGHB-ar4tW2DMzAiGI2NKdwiFxHE6I2DZBv0w6UDCi5-R77N5-kwQEYbdHDdASWfoEfRhmlA--4cuSyDjv449ZCcH1Eb_IDSwaIdBFfXNtvsfBaZtXa-90Pt4GnxqIU-2menfV1cfTz_tvtcXnz5tN9tL0ojiExlQ0glCGOKMluZGltBFVNga4brjcFQt3IjJRXcSpAbBWAawiFHb7OtqBq2Lt4uusfgb6YcVQ8uGtv3MFo_RS0rKjezw_9AipWauQy--gu89lMYcwhNiRBEyPzYdfF6gTrorXZj61MAMyvqbaWI4PkXZurdPcr4MdmfqYMpRr2__HqfJQtrgo8x2FYfgxsg3GqC9VwLvdRC51rouRZ6nnlxeupUD7a5mzj1IANvTgBEA30bch1c_MPlPJjQDc4cXbiYr8bOhrvM_3J_uQy14DV0uU366pJiwjCRjHMs2W9XpNXr</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Vergara, Candelaria</creator><creator>Caraballo, Luis</creator><creator>Mercado, Dilia</creator><creator>Jimenez, Silvia</creator><creator>Rojas, Winston</creator><creator>Rafaels, Nicholas</creator><creator>Hand, Tracey</creator><creator>Campbell, Monica</creator><creator>Tsai, Yuhjung J</creator><creator>Gao, Li</creator><creator>Duque, Constanza</creator><creator>Lopez, Sergio</creator><creator>Bedoya, Gabriel</creator><creator>Ruiz-Linares, Andrés</creator><creator>Barnes, Kathleen C</creator><general>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>African ancestry is associated with risk of asthma and high total serum IgE in a population from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia</title><author>Vergara, Candelaria ; Caraballo, Luis ; Mercado, Dilia ; Jimenez, Silvia ; Rojas, Winston ; Rafaels, Nicholas ; Hand, Tracey ; Campbell, Monica ; Tsai, Yuhjung J ; Gao, Li ; Duque, Constanza ; Lopez, Sergio ; Bedoya, Gabriel ; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés ; Barnes, Kathleen C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-d1175133923e7cb0e52939aeb30b8c0abf6866254e6a689aacd14a717fbea57d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>19th century</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Asthma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Asthma - genetics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma</topic><topic>Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids</topic><topic>Colombia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Frequency</topic><topic>Gene Function</topic><topic>Genetic Markers</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</topic><topic>Genetics, Population</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Hispanic Americans</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin E</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin E - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin E - genetics</topic><topic>Indians, North American - genetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Microsatellite Repeats</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Mitochondrial DNA</topic><topic>Molecular Medicine</topic><topic>Native Americans</topic><topic>Original Investigation</topic><topic>Pneumology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Vergara, Candelaria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caraballo, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercado, Dilia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jimenez, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Winston</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rafaels, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hand, Tracey</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Monica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsai, Yuhjung J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duque, Constanza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lopez, Sergio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bedoya, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz-Linares, Andrés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnes, Kathleen C</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - 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One approach to distinguish between environmental and genetic explanations for this difference is to study relationships of asthma risk to individual admixture. We aimed to determine the admixture proportions of a case-control sample from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia currently participating in genetic studies for asthma, and to test for population stratification and association between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 368 asthmatics and 365 non-asthmatics for 52 autosomal ancestry informative markers, six mtDNA haplogroups and nine haplogroups and five microsatellites in Y chromosome. Autosomal admixture proportions, population stratification, and associations between ancestry and the phenotypes were estimated by ADMIXMAP. The average admixture proportions among asthmatics were 42.8% European, 39.9% African and 17.2% Native American and among non-asthmatics they were 44.2% (P = 0.068), 37.6% (P = 0.007) and 18.1% (P = 0.050), respectively. In the total sample, the paternal contributions were 71% European, 25% African and 4.0% Native American and the maternal lineages were 56.8% Native American, and 20.2% African; 22.9% of the individuals carried other non-Native American mtDNA haplogroups. African ancestry was significantly associated with asthma (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.08-8.08), high tIgE (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.17-3.12) and socioeconomic status (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.87). Significant population stratification was observed in this sample. Our findings indicate that genetic factors can explain the association between asthma and African ancestry and suggest that this sample is a useful resource for performing admixture mapping for asthma.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>19290544</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00439-009-0649-2</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | 19th century Adolescent Adult African Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Asthma Asthma - epidemiology Asthma - genetics Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Case-Control Studies Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma Classical genetics, quantitative genetics, hybrids Colombia - epidemiology Disease DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Frequency Gene Function Genetic Markers Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Genetics, Population Genotype Health risk assessment Hispanic Americans Human Human Genetics Humans Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulin E - blood Immunoglobulin E - genetics Indians, North American - genetics Male Medical sciences Metabolic Diseases Microsatellite Repeats Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Mitochondrial DNA Molecular Medicine Native Americans Original Investigation Pneumology Risk Factors Sequence Analysis, DNA Social Class Young Adult |
title | African ancestry is associated with risk of asthma and high total serum IgE in a population from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia |
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