Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows
The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of an electronic β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) hand-held meter (Precision Xtra) for use in dairy cattle. Specific objectives were to compare the electronic BHBA meter with serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically and 2 co...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of dairy science 2009-06, Vol.92 (6), p.2618-2624 |
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| creator | Iwersen, M Falkenberg, U Voigtsberger, R Forderung, D Heuwieser, W |
| description | The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of an electronic β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) hand-held meter (Precision Xtra) for use in dairy cattle. Specific objectives were to compare the electronic BHBA meter with serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically and 2 commonly used chemical cowside tests (Ketostix, Ketolac) and to evaluate accuracy in a field study employing 35 investigators. Of the 196 blood samples collected in experiment 1, 17 (8.7%) contained ≥1,200μmol of BHBA/L of blood and 10 (5.1%) contained ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of blood. Pearson correlation coefficients were highly significant for all tests. The highest correlation coefficient (0.95) was found between measurements of whole blood BHBA determined with the Precision Xtra test and the serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically. Correlation coefficients between serum BHBA and BHBA in urine using Precision Xtra and Ketostix, and milk using Ketolac were lower. The Precision Xtra test was both 100% sensitive and specific at ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood. Using milk and urine, positive and negative predictive values were considerably lower for both chemical tests as well as for the electronic meter. In the second study undertaken with 35 bovine veterinary practices, 926 blood samples were collected. In this study, the Precision Xtra test had sensitivities of 88 and 96% at 1,200 and 1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood, respectively. Specificities were 96 and 97%, respectively. Level of agreement was lower in the second study employing multiple investigators. Considerable differences in variance occurred among investigators. We conclude that the electronic hand-held BHBA measuring system using whole blood is a useful and practical tool to diagnose subclinical ketosis. Sensitivity and specificity are excellent for a cowside test and higher than 2 commonly used chemical dipsticks (Ketostix and Ketolac). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3168/jds.2008-1795 |
| format | Article |
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Specific objectives were to compare the electronic BHBA meter with serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically and 2 commonly used chemical cowside tests (Ketostix, Ketolac) and to evaluate accuracy in a field study employing 35 investigators. Of the 196 blood samples collected in experiment 1, 17 (8.7%) contained ≥1,200μmol of BHBA/L of blood and 10 (5.1%) contained ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of blood. Pearson correlation coefficients were highly significant for all tests. The highest correlation coefficient (0.95) was found between measurements of whole blood BHBA determined with the Precision Xtra test and the serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically. Correlation coefficients between serum BHBA and BHBA in urine using Precision Xtra and Ketostix, and milk using Ketolac were lower. The Precision Xtra test was both 100% sensitive and specific at ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood. Using milk and urine, positive and negative predictive values were considerably lower for both chemical tests as well as for the electronic meter. In the second study undertaken with 35 bovine veterinary practices, 926 blood samples were collected. In this study, the Precision Xtra test had sensitivities of 88 and 96% at 1,200 and 1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood, respectively. Specificities were 96 and 97%, respectively. Level of agreement was lower in the second study employing multiple investigators. Considerable differences in variance occurred among investigators. We conclude that the electronic hand-held BHBA measuring system using whole blood is a useful and practical tool to diagnose subclinical ketosis. Sensitivity and specificity are excellent for a cowside test and higher than 2 commonly used chemical dipsticks (Ketostix and Ketolac).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0302</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3198</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1795</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19447994</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JDSCAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - analysis ; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - blood ; 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - urine ; Animal productions ; Animals ; beta-hydroxybutyrate ; Biological and medical sciences ; blood sampling ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases - diagnosis ; dairy cows ; Dairying - methods ; diagnostic test ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine - standards ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine - veterinary ; disease course ; disease detection ; electronic equipment ; equipment performance ; Female ; Food industries ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; ketosis ; Ketosis - diagnosis ; Ketosis - veterinary ; Milk - chemistry ; Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams ; portable equipment ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; subclinical ketosis ; Terrestrial animal productions ; testing ; Vertebrates ; whole blood ; β-hydroxybutyrate</subject><ispartof>Journal of dairy science, 2009-06, Vol.92 (6), p.2618-2624</ispartof><rights>2009 American Dairy Science Association</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Dairy Science Association Jun 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-16a9a785dd2cab87c824f231c8c8618238100027a836e1921cdf667256e3ed0b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-16a9a785dd2cab87c824f231c8c8618238100027a836e1921cdf667256e3ed0b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1795$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21616592$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19447994$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Iwersen, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falkenberg, U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voigtsberger, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forderung, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heuwieser, W</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows</title><title>Journal of dairy science</title><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><description>The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of an electronic β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) hand-held meter (Precision Xtra) for use in dairy cattle. Specific objectives were to compare the electronic BHBA meter with serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically and 2 commonly used chemical cowside tests (Ketostix, Ketolac) and to evaluate accuracy in a field study employing 35 investigators. Of the 196 blood samples collected in experiment 1, 17 (8.7%) contained ≥1,200μmol of BHBA/L of blood and 10 (5.1%) contained ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of blood. Pearson correlation coefficients were highly significant for all tests. The highest correlation coefficient (0.95) was found between measurements of whole blood BHBA determined with the Precision Xtra test and the serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically. Correlation coefficients between serum BHBA and BHBA in urine using Precision Xtra and Ketostix, and milk using Ketolac were lower. The Precision Xtra test was both 100% sensitive and specific at ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood. Using milk and urine, positive and negative predictive values were considerably lower for both chemical tests as well as for the electronic meter. In the second study undertaken with 35 bovine veterinary practices, 926 blood samples were collected. In this study, the Precision Xtra test had sensitivities of 88 and 96% at 1,200 and 1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood, respectively. Specificities were 96 and 97%, respectively. Level of agreement was lower in the second study employing multiple investigators. Considerable differences in variance occurred among investigators. We conclude that the electronic hand-held BHBA measuring system using whole blood is a useful and practical tool to diagnose subclinical ketosis. Sensitivity and specificity are excellent for a cowside test and higher than 2 commonly used chemical dipsticks (Ketostix and Ketolac).</description><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - analysis</subject><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - blood</subject><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - urine</subject><subject>Animal productions</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>beta-hydroxybutyrate</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>blood sampling</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cattle Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>dairy cows</subject><subject>Dairying - methods</subject><subject>diagnostic test</subject><subject>Diagnostic Tests, Routine - standards</subject><subject>Diagnostic Tests, Routine - veterinary</subject><subject>disease course</subject><subject>disease detection</subject><subject>electronic equipment</subject><subject>equipment performance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>ketosis</subject><subject>Ketosis - diagnosis</subject><subject>Ketosis - veterinary</subject><subject>Milk - chemistry</subject><subject>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</subject><subject>portable equipment</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>subclinical ketosis</subject><subject>Terrestrial animal productions</subject><subject>testing</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><subject>whole blood</subject><subject>β-hydroxybutyrate</subject><issn>0022-0302</issn><issn>1525-3198</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kE1vFSEUhonR2Gt16VaJie6mcmBgYGmafpg0cdF2TbjAtFznDhVm2vTf90zvjU1MXBHCc17O-xDyEdiRAKW_b0I94ozpBjojX5EVSC4bAUa_JivGOG-YYPyAvKt1g1fgTL4lB2DatjOmXZGrk3s3zG5KeaS5p26kcYh-KnlMnvr8UFOIdIp1olOmIU74Ruu89kNCwA30d5xyTZWmkQaXyuPzzHvypndDjR_25yG5Pj25Oj5vLn6d_Tz-cdF4KdXUgHLGdVqGwL1b685r3vZcgNdeK9BcaGC4c-e0UBEMBx96pTouVRQxsLU4JN92uXcl_5lxSbtN1cdhcGPMc7XIqk5xg-CXf8BNnsuIu1kwUrcShECo2UG-5FpL7O1dSVtXHi0wu7i26Nouru3iGvlP-9B5vY3hhd7LReDrHnAVXfXFjT7VvxwHBUoa_lLjNt3cPqQSbd26YcBYWL403CrLUQiCn3dg77J1NwXDri85A8FACWbapWi3IyJqv0-x2OpTHH0MGOsnG3L6T5snFyuu3w</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Iwersen, M</creator><creator>Falkenberg, U</creator><creator>Voigtsberger, R</creator><creator>Forderung, D</creator><creator>Heuwieser, W</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>American Dairy Science Association</general><general>Am Dairy Sci Assoc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows</title><author>Iwersen, M ; Falkenberg, U ; Voigtsberger, R ; Forderung, D ; Heuwieser, W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c556t-16a9a785dd2cab87c824f231c8c8618238100027a836e1921cdf667256e3ed0b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - analysis</topic><topic>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - blood</topic><topic>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - urine</topic><topic>Animal productions</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>beta-hydroxybutyrate</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>blood sampling</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cattle Diseases - diagnosis</topic><topic>dairy cows</topic><topic>Dairying - methods</topic><topic>diagnostic test</topic><topic>Diagnostic Tests, Routine - standards</topic><topic>Diagnostic Tests, Routine - veterinary</topic><topic>disease course</topic><topic>disease detection</topic><topic>electronic equipment</topic><topic>equipment performance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>ketosis</topic><topic>Ketosis - diagnosis</topic><topic>Ketosis - veterinary</topic><topic>Milk - chemistry</topic><topic>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</topic><topic>portable equipment</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>subclinical ketosis</topic><topic>Terrestrial animal productions</topic><topic>testing</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><topic>whole blood</topic><topic>β-hydroxybutyrate</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Iwersen, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falkenberg, U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voigtsberger, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forderung, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heuwieser, W</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Iwersen, M</au><au>Falkenberg, U</au><au>Voigtsberger, R</au><au>Forderung, D</au><au>Heuwieser, W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows</atitle><jtitle>Journal of dairy science</jtitle><addtitle>J Dairy Sci</addtitle><date>2009-06-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>92</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2618</spage><epage>2624</epage><pages>2618-2624</pages><issn>0022-0302</issn><eissn>1525-3198</eissn><coden>JDSCAE</coden><abstract>The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of an electronic β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) hand-held meter (Precision Xtra) for use in dairy cattle. Specific objectives were to compare the electronic BHBA meter with serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically and 2 commonly used chemical cowside tests (Ketostix, Ketolac) and to evaluate accuracy in a field study employing 35 investigators. Of the 196 blood samples collected in experiment 1, 17 (8.7%) contained ≥1,200μmol of BHBA/L of blood and 10 (5.1%) contained ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of blood. Pearson correlation coefficients were highly significant for all tests. The highest correlation coefficient (0.95) was found between measurements of whole blood BHBA determined with the Precision Xtra test and the serum BHBA concentrations determined photometrically. Correlation coefficients between serum BHBA and BHBA in urine using Precision Xtra and Ketostix, and milk using Ketolac were lower. The Precision Xtra test was both 100% sensitive and specific at ≥1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood. Using milk and urine, positive and negative predictive values were considerably lower for both chemical tests as well as for the electronic meter. In the second study undertaken with 35 bovine veterinary practices, 926 blood samples were collected. In this study, the Precision Xtra test had sensitivities of 88 and 96% at 1,200 and 1,400μmol of BHBA/L of whole blood, respectively. Specificities were 96 and 97%, respectively. Level of agreement was lower in the second study employing multiple investigators. Considerable differences in variance occurred among investigators. We conclude that the electronic hand-held BHBA measuring system using whole blood is a useful and practical tool to diagnose subclinical ketosis. Sensitivity and specificity are excellent for a cowside test and higher than 2 commonly used chemical dipsticks (Ketostix and Ketolac).</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>19447994</pmid><doi>10.3168/jds.2008-1795</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of dairy science, 2009-06, Vol.92 (6), p.2618-2624 |
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| subjects | 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - analysis 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - blood 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid - urine Animal productions Animals beta-hydroxybutyrate Biological and medical sciences blood sampling Cattle Cattle Diseases - diagnosis dairy cows Dairying - methods diagnostic test Diagnostic Tests, Routine - standards Diagnostic Tests, Routine - veterinary disease course disease detection electronic equipment equipment performance Female Food industries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ketosis Ketosis - diagnosis Ketosis - veterinary Milk - chemistry Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams portable equipment Predictive Value of Tests Sensitivity and Specificity subclinical ketosis Terrestrial animal productions testing Vertebrates whole blood β-hydroxybutyrate |
| title | Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows |
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