Increased Exposure to Estrogens Disturbs Maturation, Steroidogenesis, and Cholesterol Homeostasis via Estrogen Receptor α in Adult Mouse Leydig Cells
Deteriorated male reproductive health has been connected to overexposure to estrogens or to imbalanced androgen-estrogen ratio. Transgenic male mice expressing human aromatase (AROM+ mice) serve as an apt model for the study of the consequences of an altered androgen-estrogen ratio. Our previous stu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Endocrinology (Philadelphia) 2009-06, Vol.150 (6), p.2865-2872 |
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| creator | Strauss, Leena Kallio, Jenny Desai, Nimisha Pakarinen, Pirjo Miettinen, Tatu Gylling, Helena Albrecht, Martin Mäkelä, Sari Mayerhofer, Artur Poutanen, Matti |
| description | Deteriorated male reproductive health has been connected to overexposure to estrogens or to imbalanced androgen-estrogen ratio. Transgenic male mice expressing human aromatase (AROM+ mice) serve as an apt model for the study of the consequences of an altered androgen-estrogen ratio. Our previous studies with AROM+ mice showed that low androgen levels together with high estrogen levels result in cryptorchidism and infertility. In the present study, the AROM+ mice were shown to have severe abnormalities in the structure and function of Leydig cells before the appearance of spermatogenic failure. Decreased expression of adult-type Leydig cell markers (Ptgds, Vcam1, Insl3, Klk21, -24 and -27, Star, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) indicated an immature developmental stage of the Leydig cells, which appears to be the first estrogen-dependent alteration. Genes involved in steroidogenesis (Star, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) were suppressed despite normal LH levels. The low expression level of kallikreins 21, 24, and 27 potentially further inhibited Leydig cell function via remodeling extracellular matrix composition. In connection with disrupted steroidogenesis, Leydig cells showed enlarged mitochondria, a reduced amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and an accumulation of cholesterol and precursors for cholesterol synthesis. The results of studies with AROM+ mice crossed with estrogen receptor α or β (ERα and ERβ, respectively) knockout mice lead to the conclusion that the structural and functional disorders caused by estrogen exposure were mediated via ERα, whereas ERβ was not involved.
Imbalance in androgen-estrogen ratio has several effects on Leydig cell structure and function. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1210/en.2008-1311 |
| format | Article |
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Imbalance in androgen-estrogen ratio has several effects on Leydig cell structure and function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-7227</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1311</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19196801</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENDOAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chevy Chase, MD: Endocrine Society</publisher><subject>Abnormalities ; Androgens ; Animals ; Aromatase ; Aromatase - genetics ; Aromatase - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol - metabolism ; Cryptorchidism ; Developmental stages ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Estradiol Dehydrogenases - metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics ; Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics ; Estrogen Receptor beta - metabolism ; Estrogen receptors ; Estrogens ; Estrogens - metabolism ; Estrogens - pharmacology ; Extracellular matrix ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Homeostasis ; Homeostasis - drug effects ; Homeostasis - physiology ; Infertility ; Leydig cells ; Leydig Cells - drug effects ; Leydig Cells - metabolism ; Luteinizing Hormone - blood ; Male ; Males ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Animal ; Phosphoproteins - metabolism ; Receptors ; Reproductive health ; Sexual Maturation - drug effects ; Sexual Maturation - physiology ; Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism ; Steroidogenesis ; Steroids - metabolism ; Structure-function relationships ; Testosterone - metabolism ; Transgenic mice ; Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><ispartof>Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2009-06, Vol.150 (6), p.2865-2872</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 by The Endocrine Society 2009</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2009 by The Endocrine Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-baadb0b67e05dea883a1502dabd729919b2ea751e2a008a96453e9f036a64cbb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-baadb0b67e05dea883a1502dabd729919b2ea751e2a008a96453e9f036a64cbb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21533696$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19196801$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Strauss, Leena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kallio, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, Nimisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pakarinen, Pirjo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miettinen, Tatu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gylling, Helena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albrecht, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mäkelä, Sari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayerhofer, Artur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poutanen, Matti</creatorcontrib><title>Increased Exposure to Estrogens Disturbs Maturation, Steroidogenesis, and Cholesterol Homeostasis via Estrogen Receptor α in Adult Mouse Leydig Cells</title><title>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</title><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><description>Deteriorated male reproductive health has been connected to overexposure to estrogens or to imbalanced androgen-estrogen ratio. Transgenic male mice expressing human aromatase (AROM+ mice) serve as an apt model for the study of the consequences of an altered androgen-estrogen ratio. Our previous studies with AROM+ mice showed that low androgen levels together with high estrogen levels result in cryptorchidism and infertility. In the present study, the AROM+ mice were shown to have severe abnormalities in the structure and function of Leydig cells before the appearance of spermatogenic failure. Decreased expression of adult-type Leydig cell markers (Ptgds, Vcam1, Insl3, Klk21, -24 and -27, Star, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) indicated an immature developmental stage of the Leydig cells, which appears to be the first estrogen-dependent alteration. Genes involved in steroidogenesis (Star, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) were suppressed despite normal LH levels. The low expression level of kallikreins 21, 24, and 27 potentially further inhibited Leydig cell function via remodeling extracellular matrix composition. In connection with disrupted steroidogenesis, Leydig cells showed enlarged mitochondria, a reduced amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and an accumulation of cholesterol and precursors for cholesterol synthesis. The results of studies with AROM+ mice crossed with estrogen receptor α or β (ERα and ERβ, respectively) knockout mice lead to the conclusion that the structural and functional disorders caused by estrogen exposure were mediated via ERα, whereas ERβ was not involved.
Imbalance in androgen-estrogen ratio has several effects on Leydig cell structure and function.</description><subject>Abnormalities</subject><subject>Androgens</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aromatase</subject><subject>Aromatase - genetics</subject><subject>Aromatase - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol - metabolism</subject><subject>Cryptorchidism</subject><subject>Developmental stages</subject><subject>Endoplasmic reticulum</subject><subject>Estradiol Dehydrogenases - metabolism</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor beta - metabolism</subject><subject>Estrogen receptors</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Estrogens - metabolism</subject><subject>Estrogens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Extracellular matrix</subject><subject>Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Homeostasis - drug effects</subject><subject>Homeostasis - physiology</subject><subject>Infertility</subject><subject>Leydig cells</subject><subject>Leydig Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Leydig Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Luteinizing Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Mice, Knockout</subject><subject>Mice, Transgenic</subject><subject>Models, Animal</subject><subject>Phosphoproteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Reproductive health</subject><subject>Sexual Maturation - drug effects</subject><subject>Sexual Maturation - physiology</subject><subject>Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism</subject><subject>Steroidogenesis</subject><subject>Steroids - metabolism</subject><subject>Structure-function relationships</subject><subject>Testosterone - metabolism</subject><subject>Transgenic mice</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><issn>0013-7227</issn><issn>1945-7170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1u1EAQhVsIRCaBHWvUEiJsxqF_7La9jIaBRJoIiZ-1VXbXhI483U6XjchFuAcX4Uz0aKxEQrAqlerTq1f1GHshxZlUUrxFf6aEqDKppXzEFrLOi6yUpXjMFkJInZVKlUfsmOgmtXme66fsSNayNpWQC_bz0ncRgdDy9Y8h0BSRj4GvaYzhGj3xd47GKbbEryBVGF3wS_55xBic3RNIjpYcvOWrb6FH2k96fhF2GGiENOTfHdzr8U_Y4TCGyH__4s7zczv1I78KEyHf4J1113yFfU_P2JMt9ITP53rCvr5ff1ldZJuPHy5X55usy40csxbAtqI1JYrCIlSVBlkIZaG1parTka1CKAuJCtKLoDZ5obHeCm3A5F3b6hN2etAdYridkvtm56hLDsBjMtWYUplcyyqBr_4Cb8IUffLWaKlFUVelKhK1PFBdDEQRt80Q3Q7iXSNFs0-rQd_s02r2aSX85Sw6tTu0D_AcTwJezwBQB_02gu8c3XNKFlqb2iTuzYEL0_C_ldm8Uh9I9DZ00XkcIhI9XPNPo38Ax3m8fg</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Strauss, Leena</creator><creator>Kallio, Jenny</creator><creator>Desai, Nimisha</creator><creator>Pakarinen, Pirjo</creator><creator>Miettinen, Tatu</creator><creator>Gylling, Helena</creator><creator>Albrecht, Martin</creator><creator>Mäkelä, Sari</creator><creator>Mayerhofer, Artur</creator><creator>Poutanen, Matti</creator><general>Endocrine Society</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>Increased Exposure to Estrogens Disturbs Maturation, Steroidogenesis, and Cholesterol Homeostasis via Estrogen Receptor α in Adult Mouse Leydig Cells</title><author>Strauss, Leena ; Kallio, Jenny ; Desai, Nimisha ; Pakarinen, Pirjo ; Miettinen, Tatu ; Gylling, Helena ; Albrecht, Martin ; Mäkelä, Sari ; Mayerhofer, Artur ; Poutanen, Matti</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c461t-baadb0b67e05dea883a1502dabd729919b2ea751e2a008a96453e9f036a64cbb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Abnormalities</topic><topic>Androgens</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Aromatase</topic><topic>Aromatase - genetics</topic><topic>Aromatase - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol - metabolism</topic><topic>Cryptorchidism</topic><topic>Developmental stages</topic><topic>Endoplasmic reticulum</topic><topic>Estradiol Dehydrogenases - metabolism</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor beta - metabolism</topic><topic>Estrogen receptors</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Estrogens - metabolism</topic><topic>Estrogens - pharmacology</topic><topic>Extracellular matrix</topic><topic>Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Homeostasis - drug effects</topic><topic>Homeostasis - physiology</topic><topic>Infertility</topic><topic>Leydig cells</topic><topic>Leydig Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Leydig Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Luteinizing Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Mice, Knockout</topic><topic>Mice, Transgenic</topic><topic>Models, Animal</topic><topic>Phosphoproteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Reproductive health</topic><topic>Sexual Maturation - drug effects</topic><topic>Sexual Maturation - physiology</topic><topic>Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism</topic><topic>Steroidogenesis</topic><topic>Steroids - metabolism</topic><topic>Structure-function relationships</topic><topic>Testosterone - metabolism</topic><topic>Transgenic mice</topic><topic>Vertebrates: endocrinology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Strauss, Leena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kallio, Jenny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desai, Nimisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pakarinen, Pirjo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miettinen, Tatu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gylling, Helena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Albrecht, Martin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mäkelä, Sari</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayerhofer, Artur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poutanen, Matti</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Strauss, Leena</au><au>Kallio, Jenny</au><au>Desai, Nimisha</au><au>Pakarinen, Pirjo</au><au>Miettinen, Tatu</au><au>Gylling, Helena</au><au>Albrecht, Martin</au><au>Mäkelä, Sari</au><au>Mayerhofer, Artur</au><au>Poutanen, Matti</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increased Exposure to Estrogens Disturbs Maturation, Steroidogenesis, and Cholesterol Homeostasis via Estrogen Receptor α in Adult Mouse Leydig Cells</atitle><jtitle>Endocrinology (Philadelphia)</jtitle><addtitle>Endocrinology</addtitle><date>2009-06-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>150</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2865</spage><epage>2872</epage><pages>2865-2872</pages><issn>0013-7227</issn><eissn>1945-7170</eissn><coden>ENDOAO</coden><abstract>Deteriorated male reproductive health has been connected to overexposure to estrogens or to imbalanced androgen-estrogen ratio. Transgenic male mice expressing human aromatase (AROM+ mice) serve as an apt model for the study of the consequences of an altered androgen-estrogen ratio. Our previous studies with AROM+ mice showed that low androgen levels together with high estrogen levels result in cryptorchidism and infertility. In the present study, the AROM+ mice were shown to have severe abnormalities in the structure and function of Leydig cells before the appearance of spermatogenic failure. Decreased expression of adult-type Leydig cell markers (Ptgds, Vcam1, Insl3, Klk21, -24 and -27, Star, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) indicated an immature developmental stage of the Leydig cells, which appears to be the first estrogen-dependent alteration. Genes involved in steroidogenesis (Star, Cyp17a1, and Hsd17b3) were suppressed despite normal LH levels. The low expression level of kallikreins 21, 24, and 27 potentially further inhibited Leydig cell function via remodeling extracellular matrix composition. In connection with disrupted steroidogenesis, Leydig cells showed enlarged mitochondria, a reduced amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and an accumulation of cholesterol and precursors for cholesterol synthesis. The results of studies with AROM+ mice crossed with estrogen receptor α or β (ERα and ERβ, respectively) knockout mice lead to the conclusion that the structural and functional disorders caused by estrogen exposure were mediated via ERα, whereas ERβ was not involved.
Imbalance in androgen-estrogen ratio has several effects on Leydig cell structure and function.</abstract><cop>Chevy Chase, MD</cop><pub>Endocrine Society</pub><pmid>19196801</pmid><doi>10.1210/en.2008-1311</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0013-7227 |
| ispartof | Endocrinology (Philadelphia), 2009-06, Vol.150 (6), p.2865-2872 |
| issn | 0013-7227 1945-7170 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Abnormalities Androgens Animals Aromatase Aromatase - genetics Aromatase - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Cholesterol Cholesterol - metabolism Cryptorchidism Developmental stages Endoplasmic reticulum Estradiol Dehydrogenases - metabolism Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics Estrogen Receptor beta - metabolism Estrogen receptors Estrogens Estrogens - metabolism Estrogens - pharmacology Extracellular matrix Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Homeostasis Homeostasis - drug effects Homeostasis - physiology Infertility Leydig cells Leydig Cells - drug effects Leydig Cells - metabolism Luteinizing Hormone - blood Male Males Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Mice, Transgenic Models, Animal Phosphoproteins - metabolism Receptors Reproductive health Sexual Maturation - drug effects Sexual Maturation - physiology Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase - metabolism Steroidogenesis Steroids - metabolism Structure-function relationships Testosterone - metabolism Transgenic mice Vertebrates: endocrinology |
| title | Increased Exposure to Estrogens Disturbs Maturation, Steroidogenesis, and Cholesterol Homeostasis via Estrogen Receptor α in Adult Mouse Leydig Cells |
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