Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mean Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Over 2000 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Content: Recent studies have reported hemoglobin A1c (A1c) differences across racial/ethnic groups. Our diverse population allows for further investigation of potential differences in measurements of glycemia. Objectives: Our objectives were to describe and explore baseline racial/ethnic differences...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2009-05, Vol.94 (5), p.1689-1694 |
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| container_title | The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism |
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| creator | Herman, William H. Dungan, Kathleen M. Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R. Buse, John B. Fahrbach, Jessie L. Jiang, Honghua Martin, Sherry |
| description | Content: Recent studies have reported hemoglobin A1c (A1c) differences across racial/ethnic groups. Our diverse population allows for further investigation of potential differences in measurements of glycemia.
Objectives: Our objectives were to describe and explore baseline racial/ethnic differences in self-monitored plasma glucose profiles, A1c, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Assessing DURAbility of Basal vs. Lispro Mix 75/25 Insulin Efficacy trial.
Design, Setting, Patients: The trial enrolled 2094 patients with type 2 diabetes, ages 30–80 yr, from 11 countries.
Main Outcome Measures: Estimated mean plasma glucose (MPG), A1c, and 1,5-AG were compared among racial/ethnic groups before and after adjusting for factors affecting glycemia: age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, and MPG.
Results: Baseline estimated MPG ± sd was 220.0 ± 82.0 mg/dl, mean A1c was 9.0 ± 1.3%, and 1,5-AG was 5.0 ± 4.1μg/ml. Estimated MPG did not differ between Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. A1c was higher in Hispanics (9.4 ± 1.4%; P < 0.001), Asians (9.2 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), and patients of other racial/ethnic groups (9.7 ± 1.5%; P < 0.001) compared with Caucasians (8.9 ± 1.2%). Paradoxically, 1,5-AG was higher for Asian (5.7 ± 4.6 μg/ml) and African patients (6.2 ± 5.4 μg/ml) vs. Caucasians (4.9 ± 3.9 μg/ml) (P < 0.01). After adjusting for factors affecting glycemia, A1c was higher (all P ≤ 0.002) in Hispanics, Asians, Africans, and patients of other racial/ethnic groups, and 1,5-AG was higher in Asian and African patients (P < 0.001) vs. Caucasians.
Conclusions: There were differences in A1c and 1,5-AG, but not MPG, among racial/ethnic groups. Comparisons of glycemia across racial/ethnic groups using these parameters may be problematic due to inherent biological variability and methodological issues.
There are considerable differences in A1c and 1,5-AG among racial/ethnic groups; this could limit the comparison of these measurements of overall glycemia across groups. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1210/jc.2008-1940 |
| format | Article |
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Objectives: Our objectives were to describe and explore baseline racial/ethnic differences in self-monitored plasma glucose profiles, A1c, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Assessing DURAbility of Basal vs. Lispro Mix 75/25 Insulin Efficacy trial.
Design, Setting, Patients: The trial enrolled 2094 patients with type 2 diabetes, ages 30–80 yr, from 11 countries.
Main Outcome Measures: Estimated mean plasma glucose (MPG), A1c, and 1,5-AG were compared among racial/ethnic groups before and after adjusting for factors affecting glycemia: age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, and MPG.
Results: Baseline estimated MPG ± sd was 220.0 ± 82.0 mg/dl, mean A1c was 9.0 ± 1.3%, and 1,5-AG was 5.0 ± 4.1μg/ml. Estimated MPG did not differ between Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. A1c was higher in Hispanics (9.4 ± 1.4%; P < 0.001), Asians (9.2 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), and patients of other racial/ethnic groups (9.7 ± 1.5%; P < 0.001) compared with Caucasians (8.9 ± 1.2%). Paradoxically, 1,5-AG was higher for Asian (5.7 ± 4.6 μg/ml) and African patients (6.2 ± 5.4 μg/ml) vs. Caucasians (4.9 ± 3.9 μg/ml) (P < 0.01). After adjusting for factors affecting glycemia, A1c was higher (all P ≤ 0.002) in Hispanics, Asians, Africans, and patients of other racial/ethnic groups, and 1,5-AG was higher in Asian and African patients (P < 0.001) vs. Caucasians.
Conclusions: There were differences in A1c and 1,5-AG, but not MPG, among racial/ethnic groups. Comparisons of glycemia across racial/ethnic groups using these parameters may be problematic due to inherent biological variability and methodological issues.
There are considerable differences in A1c and 1,5-AG among racial/ethnic groups; this could limit the comparison of these measurements of overall glycemia across groups.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-972X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-7197</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-1940</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19276235</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JCEMAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Endocrine Society</publisher><subject>Adult ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Continental Population Groups ; Deoxyglucose - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Ethnic Groups ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><ispartof>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009-05, Vol.94 (5), p.1689-1694</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 by The Endocrine Society</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2916-2b4a4bd93fc4a76fa28aad7e3c2fd9b085448987be2cc3d17cbe8e0c4fa1f0d23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2916-2b4a4bd93fc4a76fa28aad7e3c2fd9b085448987be2cc3d17cbe8e0c4fa1f0d23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21525348$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19276235$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Herman, William H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dungan, Kathleen M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buse, John B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fahrbach, Jessie L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Honghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Sherry</creatorcontrib><title>Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mean Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Over 2000 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes</title><title>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</title><addtitle>J Clin Endocrinol Metab</addtitle><description>Content: Recent studies have reported hemoglobin A1c (A1c) differences across racial/ethnic groups. Our diverse population allows for further investigation of potential differences in measurements of glycemia.
Objectives: Our objectives were to describe and explore baseline racial/ethnic differences in self-monitored plasma glucose profiles, A1c, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Assessing DURAbility of Basal vs. Lispro Mix 75/25 Insulin Efficacy trial.
Design, Setting, Patients: The trial enrolled 2094 patients with type 2 diabetes, ages 30–80 yr, from 11 countries.
Main Outcome Measures: Estimated mean plasma glucose (MPG), A1c, and 1,5-AG were compared among racial/ethnic groups before and after adjusting for factors affecting glycemia: age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, and MPG.
Results: Baseline estimated MPG ± sd was 220.0 ± 82.0 mg/dl, mean A1c was 9.0 ± 1.3%, and 1,5-AG was 5.0 ± 4.1μg/ml. Estimated MPG did not differ between Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. A1c was higher in Hispanics (9.4 ± 1.4%; P < 0.001), Asians (9.2 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), and patients of other racial/ethnic groups (9.7 ± 1.5%; P < 0.001) compared with Caucasians (8.9 ± 1.2%). Paradoxically, 1,5-AG was higher for Asian (5.7 ± 4.6 μg/ml) and African patients (6.2 ± 5.4 μg/ml) vs. Caucasians (4.9 ± 3.9 μg/ml) (P < 0.01). After adjusting for factors affecting glycemia, A1c was higher (all P ≤ 0.002) in Hispanics, Asians, Africans, and patients of other racial/ethnic groups, and 1,5-AG was higher in Asian and African patients (P < 0.001) vs. Caucasians.
Conclusions: There were differences in A1c and 1,5-AG, but not MPG, among racial/ethnic groups. Comparisons of glycemia across racial/ethnic groups using these parameters may be problematic due to inherent biological variability and methodological issues.
There are considerable differences in A1c and 1,5-AG among racial/ethnic groups; this could limit the comparison of these measurements of overall glycemia across groups.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Asian Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Glucose - metabolism</subject><subject>Continental Population Groups</subject><subject>Deoxyglucose - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Ethnic Groups</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Vertebrates: endocrinology</subject><issn>0021-972X</issn><issn>1945-7197</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkMFu1DAQhiMEokvhxhn5AqdNsR0nTo6rUlqkolaoSNysiTMmXrz21k5Y7Rvw2HjZFVw4WCNrvn9m9BXFa0YvGGf0_VpfcErbknWCPikWudSlZJ18Wiwo5azsJP92VrxIaU0pE6KunhdnrOOy4VW9KH59AW3BEfADuZpGbzX5YI3BiF5jItaTzwie3DtIGyDXbtYh4ZLc4CZ8d6HP_RXTyz9xtqzLlR_3Q8ytWdspuEP-7idGki-k5B4mi35KZGenkTzst0h43gY9TpheFs8MuISvTvW8-Prx6uHypry9u_50ubotNe9YU_JegOiHrjJagGwM8BZgkFhpboaup20tRNu1skeudTUwqXtskWphgBk68Oq8eHecu43hccY0qY1NGp0Dj2FOqpG8EqKpM7g8gjqGlCIatY12A3GvGFUH82qt1cG8OpjP-JvT3Lnf4PAPPqnOwNsTAEmDMxG8tukvx1nN60q0mRNHbhfchDH9cPMOoxoR3DSq7JGKRrZl3tzROv_K_Komx6pjDP0QdLQetxFTUuswR5-F_v_q30fMq1s</recordid><startdate>200905</startdate><enddate>200905</enddate><creator>Herman, William H.</creator><creator>Dungan, Kathleen M.</creator><creator>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.</creator><creator>Buse, John B.</creator><creator>Fahrbach, Jessie L.</creator><creator>Jiang, Honghua</creator><creator>Martin, Sherry</creator><general>Endocrine Society</general><general>Copyright by The Endocrine Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200905</creationdate><title>Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mean Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Over 2000 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes</title><author>Herman, William H. ; Dungan, Kathleen M. ; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R. ; Buse, John B. ; Fahrbach, Jessie L. ; Jiang, Honghua ; Martin, Sherry</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2916-2b4a4bd93fc4a76fa28aad7e3c2fd9b085448987be2cc3d17cbe8e0c4fa1f0d23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Asian Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Glucose - metabolism</topic><topic>Continental Population Groups</topic><topic>Deoxyglucose - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Ethnic Groups</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>Vertebrates: endocrinology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Herman, William H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dungan, Kathleen M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buse, John B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fahrbach, Jessie L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Honghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Sherry</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Herman, William H.</au><au>Dungan, Kathleen M.</au><au>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H. R.</au><au>Buse, John B.</au><au>Fahrbach, Jessie L.</au><au>Jiang, Honghua</au><au>Martin, Sherry</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mean Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Over 2000 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes</atitle><jtitle>The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</jtitle><addtitle>J Clin Endocrinol Metab</addtitle><date>2009-05</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>94</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1689</spage><epage>1694</epage><pages>1689-1694</pages><issn>0021-972X</issn><eissn>1945-7197</eissn><coden>JCEMAZ</coden><abstract>Content: Recent studies have reported hemoglobin A1c (A1c) differences across racial/ethnic groups. Our diverse population allows for further investigation of potential differences in measurements of glycemia.
Objectives: Our objectives were to describe and explore baseline racial/ethnic differences in self-monitored plasma glucose profiles, A1c, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Assessing DURAbility of Basal vs. Lispro Mix 75/25 Insulin Efficacy trial.
Design, Setting, Patients: The trial enrolled 2094 patients with type 2 diabetes, ages 30–80 yr, from 11 countries.
Main Outcome Measures: Estimated mean plasma glucose (MPG), A1c, and 1,5-AG were compared among racial/ethnic groups before and after adjusting for factors affecting glycemia: age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, and MPG.
Results: Baseline estimated MPG ± sd was 220.0 ± 82.0 mg/dl, mean A1c was 9.0 ± 1.3%, and 1,5-AG was 5.0 ± 4.1μg/ml. Estimated MPG did not differ between Caucasian and non-Caucasian groups. A1c was higher in Hispanics (9.4 ± 1.4%; P < 0.001), Asians (9.2 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), and patients of other racial/ethnic groups (9.7 ± 1.5%; P < 0.001) compared with Caucasians (8.9 ± 1.2%). Paradoxically, 1,5-AG was higher for Asian (5.7 ± 4.6 μg/ml) and African patients (6.2 ± 5.4 μg/ml) vs. Caucasians (4.9 ± 3.9 μg/ml) (P < 0.01). After adjusting for factors affecting glycemia, A1c was higher (all P ≤ 0.002) in Hispanics, Asians, Africans, and patients of other racial/ethnic groups, and 1,5-AG was higher in Asian and African patients (P < 0.001) vs. Caucasians.
Conclusions: There were differences in A1c and 1,5-AG, but not MPG, among racial/ethnic groups. Comparisons of glycemia across racial/ethnic groups using these parameters may be problematic due to inherent biological variability and methodological issues.
There are considerable differences in A1c and 1,5-AG among racial/ethnic groups; this could limit the comparison of these measurements of overall glycemia across groups.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Endocrine Society</pub><pmid>19276235</pmid><doi>10.1210/jc.2008-1940</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Aged Aged, 80 and over Asian Continental Ancestry Group Biological and medical sciences Blood Glucose - metabolism Continental Population Groups Deoxyglucose - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Ethnic Groups Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance European Continental Ancestry Group Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glycated Hemoglobin A - metabolism Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Vertebrates: endocrinology |
| title | Racial and Ethnic Differences in Mean Plasma Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, and 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in Over 2000 Patients with Type 2 Diabetes |
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