Emotional Exhaustion and Defense Mechanisms in Intensive Therapy Unit Nurses
Contrary to its original conceptualization, research has found that emotional demands do not lead to burnout in nurses. According to psychoanalytic theory, unconscious defense mechanisms may protect nurses from conscious awareness of work-related anxiety. This prevents self-report and may explain re...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The journal of nervous and mental disease 2009-05, Vol.197 (5), p.330-336 |
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| container_title | The journal of nervous and mental disease |
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| creator | Regan, Anna Howard, Ruth A Oyebode, Jan R |
| description | Contrary to its original conceptualization, research has found that emotional demands do not lead to burnout in nurses. According to psychoanalytic theory, unconscious defense mechanisms may protect nurses from conscious awareness of work-related anxiety. This prevents self-report and may explain research findings. The maturity of defense style influences how anxiety is managed. Immature defenses prevent the conscious processing necessary for resolution of anxiety. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the use of immature defenses will lead to emotional exhaustion. This cross-sectional study used questionnaires to explore the defense mechanisms of 87 Intensive Therapy Unit nurses. Although the sample endorsed a predominantly mature defense style, the use of immature defenses predicted emotional exhaustion. Also, lower levels of reported stress associated with emotional demands predicted emotional exhaustion. Although this strongly implies the mediating role of immature defense mechanisms, the results were not statistically significant. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a20807 |
| format | Article |
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According to psychoanalytic theory, unconscious defense mechanisms may protect nurses from conscious awareness of work-related anxiety. This prevents self-report and may explain research findings. The maturity of defense style influences how anxiety is managed. Immature defenses prevent the conscious processing necessary for resolution of anxiety. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the use of immature defenses will lead to emotional exhaustion. This cross-sectional study used questionnaires to explore the defense mechanisms of 87 Intensive Therapy Unit nurses. Although the sample endorsed a predominantly mature defense style, the use of immature defenses predicted emotional exhaustion. Also, lower levels of reported stress associated with emotional demands predicted emotional exhaustion. Although this strongly implies the mediating role of immature defense mechanisms, the results were not statistically significant.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3018</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1539-736X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181a20807</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19440106</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JNMDAN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anxiety ; Biological and medical sciences ; Burnout, Professional - epidemiology ; Burnout, Professional - psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Defense Mechanisms ; Emotions ; Female ; Health staff related problems. Vocational training ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mental health ; Mood Disorders - diagnosis ; Mood Disorders - epidemiology ; Mood Disorders - psychology ; Nurses ; Nurses - psychology ; Nurses - statistics & numerical data ; Psychoanalytic Theory ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Social psychiatry. 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According to psychoanalytic theory, unconscious defense mechanisms may protect nurses from conscious awareness of work-related anxiety. This prevents self-report and may explain research findings. The maturity of defense style influences how anxiety is managed. Immature defenses prevent the conscious processing necessary for resolution of anxiety. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the use of immature defenses will lead to emotional exhaustion. This cross-sectional study used questionnaires to explore the defense mechanisms of 87 Intensive Therapy Unit nurses. Although the sample endorsed a predominantly mature defense style, the use of immature defenses predicted emotional exhaustion. Also, lower levels of reported stress associated with emotional demands predicted emotional exhaustion. Although this strongly implies the mediating role of immature defense mechanisms, the results were not statistically significant.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Burnout, Professional - epidemiology</subject><subject>Burnout, Professional - psychology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Defense Mechanisms</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health staff related problems. Vocational training</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Nurses</subject><subject>Nurses - psychology</subject><subject>Nurses - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Psychoanalytic Theory</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Social psychiatry. 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According to psychoanalytic theory, unconscious defense mechanisms may protect nurses from conscious awareness of work-related anxiety. This prevents self-report and may explain research findings. The maturity of defense style influences how anxiety is managed. Immature defenses prevent the conscious processing necessary for resolution of anxiety. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the use of immature defenses will lead to emotional exhaustion. This cross-sectional study used questionnaires to explore the defense mechanisms of 87 Intensive Therapy Unit nurses. Although the sample endorsed a predominantly mature defense style, the use of immature defenses predicted emotional exhaustion. Also, lower levels of reported stress associated with emotional demands predicted emotional exhaustion. 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| subjects | Adult Anxiety Biological and medical sciences Burnout, Professional - epidemiology Burnout, Professional - psychology Cross-Sectional Studies Defense Mechanisms Emotions Female Health staff related problems. Vocational training Humans Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data Male Medical sciences Mental health Mood Disorders - diagnosis Mood Disorders - epidemiology Mood Disorders - psychology Nurses Nurses - psychology Nurses - statistics & numerical data Psychoanalytic Theory Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Social psychiatry. Ethnopsychiatry Studies Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | Emotional Exhaustion and Defense Mechanisms in Intensive Therapy Unit Nurses |
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