Increases of the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratio in Severe Hashimoto's Disease and in the Proportion of Th17 Cells in Intractable Graves' Disease
Background: T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17A, respectively. We reported that IFN-γ and IL-4 gene polymorphisms, which are related to higher IFN-γ and lower IL-4 production, respectively, are more frequent in patients with severe Ha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Thyroid (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2009-05, Vol.19 (5), p.495-501 |
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| creator | Nanba, Takashi Watanabe, Mikio Inoue, Naoya Iwatani, Yoshinori |
| description | Background:
T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17A, respectively. We reported that IFN-γ and IL-4 gene polymorphisms, which are related to higher IFN-γ and lower IL-4 production, respectively, are more frequent in patients with severe Hashimoto's disease (HD) than in those mild HD. We now aim to investigate the proportion of peripheral Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).
Methods:
We studied 17 patients with HD who developed hypothyroidism and were treated with
l
-thyroxine, referred to as severe HD; 17 untreated patients with HD who were euthyroid, referred to as mild HD; 18 euthyroid patients with Graves' disease (GD) who remained positive for anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) despite being treated with anti-thyroid drugs for more than 5 years, referred to as intractable GD; and 17 patients with GD who were euthyroid and negative for TRAb for more than 2 years after cessation of anti-thyroid drugs, referred to as GD in remission; and 10 control subjects without AITD. By the definitions in this study Th1 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
+
IL-4
−
IL-17A
−
cells, Th2 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
+
IL-17A
−
cells, and CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
−
IL-17A
+
cells were Th17 cells.
Results:
The proportion of peripheral Th1 cells was higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1089/thy.2008.0423 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_67224159</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A199990685</galeid><sourcerecordid>A199990685</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-e129d91e64ad2b06b4751ce5532378f30b3e03c93e3845bb5bf37409af8417813</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkcFrFDEYxYNYbK0evUpAsKfZJpPJJDmWVduFQouu55CZ-caJzCRrki307h9u4q6IUDA5JHz5vccjD6E3lKwokeoyTY-rmhC5Ik3NnqEzyrmoFBHieb4TTipR8_YUvYzxOyG0lYK9QKdUNZQrJc7Qz43rA5gIEfsRpwnwdqKX26nGa5hn_Nkk67F1-As8QAB8Y-JkF5_8RcQfbCxCbNxQiKK9D37nQ5a44padxG-bWN43LgXTJ9PNgK-DeYB48cfiFToZzRzh9fE8R18_fdyub6rbu-vN-uq26ptWpgporQZFoW3MUHek7RrBaQ-cs5oJOTLSMSCsVwyYbHjX8W5koiHKjLKhQlJ2jt4ffHfB_9hDTHqxsc8BjQO_j7oVdV0-JoPvDuA3M4O2bvQle4H1FVV5kVbyTK2eoPIeYLG9dzDaPP9HUB0EffAxBhj1LtjFhEdNiS5t6tymLm3q0mbm3x7z7rsFhr_0sb4MsANQxsa52UIHIf3H9heObqk3</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>67224159</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Increases of the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratio in Severe Hashimoto's Disease and in the Proportion of Th17 Cells in Intractable Graves' Disease</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Nanba, Takashi ; Watanabe, Mikio ; Inoue, Naoya ; Iwatani, Yoshinori</creator><creatorcontrib>Nanba, Takashi ; Watanabe, Mikio ; Inoue, Naoya ; Iwatani, Yoshinori</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17A, respectively. We reported that IFN-γ and IL-4 gene polymorphisms, which are related to higher IFN-γ and lower IL-4 production, respectively, are more frequent in patients with severe Hashimoto's disease (HD) than in those mild HD. We now aim to investigate the proportion of peripheral Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).
Methods:
We studied 17 patients with HD who developed hypothyroidism and were treated with
l
-thyroxine, referred to as severe HD; 17 untreated patients with HD who were euthyroid, referred to as mild HD; 18 euthyroid patients with Graves' disease (GD) who remained positive for anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) despite being treated with anti-thyroid drugs for more than 5 years, referred to as intractable GD; and 17 patients with GD who were euthyroid and negative for TRAb for more than 2 years after cessation of anti-thyroid drugs, referred to as GD in remission; and 10 control subjects without AITD. By the definitions in this study Th1 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
+
IL-4
−
IL-17A
−
cells, Th2 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
+
IL-17A
−
cells, and CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
−
IL-17A
+
cells were Th17 cells.
Results:
The proportion of peripheral Th1 cells was higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
< 0.05), and the proportion of peripheral Th2 cells was lower in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
< 0.001). Therefore the Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in severe than in mild HD patients (
p
< 0.001). The proportion of peripheral Th17 cells in patients with AITD was higher than in control subjects and the proportion of these cells in patients with intractable GD was higher than in patients with GD in remission (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions:
The peripheral Th1/Th2 cell ratio is related to the severity of HD, and the proportion of Th17 cells is related to the intractability of GD. We hypothesize that these patterns of peripheral Th cell subsets may be expressed within the thyroid.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1050-7256</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9077</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0423</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19415997</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Antithyroid Agents - therapeutic use ; Autoantibodies - blood ; Care and treatment ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Genetic aspects ; Graves Disease - drug therapy ; Graves Disease - immunology ; Hashimoto Disease - drug therapy ; Hashimoto Disease - immunology ; Health aspects ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma - blood ; Interleukin-17 - blood ; Interleukin-4 - blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Original Studies, Reviews, and Scholarly Dialog ; Receptors, Thyrotropin - immunology ; Risk factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; T cells ; Th1 Cells - drug effects ; Th1 Cells - immunology ; Th2 Cells - drug effects ; Th2 Cells - immunology ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; Thyroxine - therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome</subject><ispartof>Thyroid (New York, N.Y.), 2009-05, Vol.19 (5), p.495-501</ispartof><rights>2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-e129d91e64ad2b06b4751ce5532378f30b3e03c93e3845bb5bf37409af8417813</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-e129d91e64ad2b06b4751ce5532378f30b3e03c93e3845bb5bf37409af8417813</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415997$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nanba, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Mikio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inoue, Naoya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwatani, Yoshinori</creatorcontrib><title>Increases of the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratio in Severe Hashimoto's Disease and in the Proportion of Th17 Cells in Intractable Graves' Disease</title><title>Thyroid (New York, N.Y.)</title><addtitle>Thyroid</addtitle><description>Background:
T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17A, respectively. We reported that IFN-γ and IL-4 gene polymorphisms, which are related to higher IFN-γ and lower IL-4 production, respectively, are more frequent in patients with severe Hashimoto's disease (HD) than in those mild HD. We now aim to investigate the proportion of peripheral Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).
Methods:
We studied 17 patients with HD who developed hypothyroidism and were treated with
l
-thyroxine, referred to as severe HD; 17 untreated patients with HD who were euthyroid, referred to as mild HD; 18 euthyroid patients with Graves' disease (GD) who remained positive for anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) despite being treated with anti-thyroid drugs for more than 5 years, referred to as intractable GD; and 17 patients with GD who were euthyroid and negative for TRAb for more than 2 years after cessation of anti-thyroid drugs, referred to as GD in remission; and 10 control subjects without AITD. By the definitions in this study Th1 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
+
IL-4
−
IL-17A
−
cells, Th2 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
+
IL-17A
−
cells, and CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
−
IL-17A
+
cells were Th17 cells.
Results:
The proportion of peripheral Th1 cells was higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
< 0.05), and the proportion of peripheral Th2 cells was lower in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
< 0.001). Therefore the Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in severe than in mild HD patients (
p
< 0.001). The proportion of peripheral Th17 cells in patients with AITD was higher than in control subjects and the proportion of these cells in patients with intractable GD was higher than in patients with GD in remission (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions:
The peripheral Th1/Th2 cell ratio is related to the severity of HD, and the proportion of Th17 cells is related to the intractability of GD. We hypothesize that these patterns of peripheral Th cell subsets may be expressed within the thyroid.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Antithyroid Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Autoantibodies - blood</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow Cytometry</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Graves Disease - drug therapy</subject><subject>Graves Disease - immunology</subject><subject>Hashimoto Disease - drug therapy</subject><subject>Hashimoto Disease - immunology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hormone Replacement Therapy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-17 - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-4 - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Original Studies, Reviews, and Scholarly Dialog</subject><subject>Receptors, Thyrotropin - immunology</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>T cells</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Th2 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune</subject><subject>Thyroxine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><issn>1050-7256</issn><issn>1557-9077</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFrFDEYxYNYbK0evUpAsKfZJpPJJDmWVduFQouu55CZ-caJzCRrki307h9u4q6IUDA5JHz5vccjD6E3lKwokeoyTY-rmhC5Ik3NnqEzyrmoFBHieb4TTipR8_YUvYzxOyG0lYK9QKdUNZQrJc7Qz43rA5gIEfsRpwnwdqKX26nGa5hn_Nkk67F1-As8QAB8Y-JkF5_8RcQfbCxCbNxQiKK9D37nQ5a44padxG-bWN43LgXTJ9PNgK-DeYB48cfiFToZzRzh9fE8R18_fdyub6rbu-vN-uq26ptWpgporQZFoW3MUHek7RrBaQ-cs5oJOTLSMSCsVwyYbHjX8W5koiHKjLKhQlJ2jt4ffHfB_9hDTHqxsc8BjQO_j7oVdV0-JoPvDuA3M4O2bvQle4H1FVV5kVbyTK2eoPIeYLG9dzDaPP9HUB0EffAxBhj1LtjFhEdNiS5t6tymLm3q0mbm3x7z7rsFhr_0sb4MsANQxsa52UIHIf3H9heObqk3</recordid><startdate>20090501</startdate><enddate>20090501</enddate><creator>Nanba, Takashi</creator><creator>Watanabe, Mikio</creator><creator>Inoue, Naoya</creator><creator>Iwatani, Yoshinori</creator><general>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090501</creationdate><title>Increases of the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratio in Severe Hashimoto's Disease and in the Proportion of Th17 Cells in Intractable Graves' Disease</title><author>Nanba, Takashi ; Watanabe, Mikio ; Inoue, Naoya ; Iwatani, Yoshinori</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c468t-e129d91e64ad2b06b4751ce5532378f30b3e03c93e3845bb5bf37409af8417813</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Antithyroid Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Autoantibodies - blood</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flow Cytometry</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Graves Disease - drug therapy</topic><topic>Graves Disease - immunology</topic><topic>Hashimoto Disease - drug therapy</topic><topic>Hashimoto Disease - immunology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hormone Replacement Therapy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-17 - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-4 - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Original Studies, Reviews, and Scholarly Dialog</topic><topic>Receptors, Thyrotropin - immunology</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>T cells</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Th2 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Thyroiditis, Autoimmune</topic><topic>Thyroxine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nanba, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Mikio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inoue, Naoya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iwatani, Yoshinori</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Thyroid (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nanba, Takashi</au><au>Watanabe, Mikio</au><au>Inoue, Naoya</au><au>Iwatani, Yoshinori</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Increases of the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratio in Severe Hashimoto's Disease and in the Proportion of Th17 Cells in Intractable Graves' Disease</atitle><jtitle>Thyroid (New York, N.Y.)</jtitle><addtitle>Thyroid</addtitle><date>2009-05-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>495</spage><epage>501</epage><pages>495-501</pages><issn>1050-7256</issn><eissn>1557-9077</eissn><abstract>Background:
T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-17A, respectively. We reported that IFN-γ and IL-4 gene polymorphisms, which are related to higher IFN-γ and lower IL-4 production, respectively, are more frequent in patients with severe Hashimoto's disease (HD) than in those mild HD. We now aim to investigate the proportion of peripheral Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).
Methods:
We studied 17 patients with HD who developed hypothyroidism and were treated with
l
-thyroxine, referred to as severe HD; 17 untreated patients with HD who were euthyroid, referred to as mild HD; 18 euthyroid patients with Graves' disease (GD) who remained positive for anti-thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) despite being treated with anti-thyroid drugs for more than 5 years, referred to as intractable GD; and 17 patients with GD who were euthyroid and negative for TRAb for more than 2 years after cessation of anti-thyroid drugs, referred to as GD in remission; and 10 control subjects without AITD. By the definitions in this study Th1 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
+
IL-4
−
IL-17A
−
cells, Th2 cells were CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
+
IL-17A
−
cells, and CD4
+
IFN-γ
−
IL-4
−
IL-17A
+
cells were Th17 cells.
Results:
The proportion of peripheral Th1 cells was higher in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
< 0.05), and the proportion of peripheral Th2 cells was lower in patients with severe HD than in patients with mild HD (
p
< 0.001). Therefore the Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in severe than in mild HD patients (
p
< 0.001). The proportion of peripheral Th17 cells in patients with AITD was higher than in control subjects and the proportion of these cells in patients with intractable GD was higher than in patients with GD in remission (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions:
The peripheral Th1/Th2 cell ratio is related to the severity of HD, and the proportion of Th17 cells is related to the intractability of GD. We hypothesize that these patterns of peripheral Th cell subsets may be expressed within the thyroid.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc</pub><pmid>19415997</pmid><doi>10.1089/thy.2008.0423</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1050-7256 |
| ispartof | Thyroid (New York, N.Y.), 2009-05, Vol.19 (5), p.495-501 |
| issn | 1050-7256 1557-9077 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_67224159 |
| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Aged Antithyroid Agents - therapeutic use Autoantibodies - blood Care and treatment CD4 Lymphocyte Count Cells, Cultured Female Flow Cytometry Genetic aspects Graves Disease - drug therapy Graves Disease - immunology Hashimoto Disease - drug therapy Hashimoto Disease - immunology Health aspects Hormone Replacement Therapy Humans Interferon-gamma - blood Interleukin-17 - blood Interleukin-4 - blood Male Middle Aged Original Studies, Reviews, and Scholarly Dialog Receptors, Thyrotropin - immunology Risk factors Severity of Illness Index T cells Th1 Cells - drug effects Th1 Cells - immunology Th2 Cells - drug effects Th2 Cells - immunology Thyroiditis, Autoimmune Thyroxine - therapeutic use Treatment Outcome |
| title | Increases of the Th1/Th2 Cell Ratio in Severe Hashimoto's Disease and in the Proportion of Th17 Cells in Intractable Graves' Disease |
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