Sporulation and Germination Gene Expression Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Sterne Spores in Skim Milk under Heat and Different Intervention Techniques
To investigate how B. anthracis Sterne spores survive in milk under heat (80 °C, 10 min), pasteurization (72 °C, 15 s), microfiltration, and pasteurization and microfiltration, the expression levels of genes related to sporulation and germination were tested using real‐time PCR assays. Twenty‐seven...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of food science 2009-04, Vol.74 (3), p.M120-M124 |
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| description | To investigate how B. anthracis Sterne spores survive in milk under heat (80 °C, 10 min), pasteurization (72 °C, 15 s), microfiltration, and pasteurization and microfiltration, the expression levels of genes related to sporulation and germination were tested using real‐time PCR assays. Twenty‐seven sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes were selected for the target genes. Our results demonstrated that gene expression levels were altered by heat and microfiltration whereas the pasteurization and pasteurization and microfiltration resulted in less alteration of gene expression. Heat activated and inhibited both sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes, suggesting that bacterial spores underwent different molecular mechanism for heat treatments. Our results may provide some insight into the molecular mechanisms of spore survival in response to heat treatment and different intervention strategies used to treat fluid skim milk. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01084.x |
| format | Article |
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Twenty‐seven sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes were selected for the target genes. Our results demonstrated that gene expression levels were altered by heat and microfiltration whereas the pasteurization and pasteurization and microfiltration resulted in less alteration of gene expression. Heat activated and inhibited both sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes, suggesting that bacterial spores underwent different molecular mechanism for heat treatments. Our results may provide some insight into the molecular mechanisms of spore survival in response to heat treatment and different intervention strategies used to treat fluid skim milk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1147</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1750-3841</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01084.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19397727</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JFDSAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacillus anthracis ; Bacillus anthracis - genetics ; Bacillus anthracis - growth & development ; Bacillus anthracis - physiology ; Bacillus anthracis spores ; Biological and medical sciences ; Colony Count, Microbial ; DNA, Complementary - analysis ; Filtration ; Food engineering ; Food Handling - methods ; Food industries ; Food science ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Expression ; General aspects ; Gram-positive bacteria ; Hot Temperature ; Milk ; Milk - microbiology ; Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams ; milk pasteurization and microfiltration ; Molecular structure ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pasteurization ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; real-time PCR assay ; RNA, Bacterial - genetics ; RNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification ; Spores, Bacterial - genetics ; Spores, Bacterial - physiology ; Temperature</subject><ispartof>Journal of food science, 2009-04, Vol.74 (3), p.M120-M124</ispartof><rights>No claim to original US government works Journal compilation © 2009 Institute of Food Technologists</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Institute of Food Technologists Apr 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4944-14df45ffddcacff5911737d193d49b52b42c66fd7a4406f53555c792f24ddff03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4944-14df45ffddcacff5911737d193d49b52b42c66fd7a4406f53555c792f24ddff03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1750-3841.2009.01084.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1750-3841.2009.01084.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,27928,27929,45578,45579</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21404405$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19397727$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ream, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Sporulation and Germination Gene Expression Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Sterne Spores in Skim Milk under Heat and Different Intervention Techniques</title><title>Journal of food science</title><addtitle>J Food Sci</addtitle><description>To investigate how B. anthracis Sterne spores survive in milk under heat (80 °C, 10 min), pasteurization (72 °C, 15 s), microfiltration, and pasteurization and microfiltration, the expression levels of genes related to sporulation and germination were tested using real‐time PCR assays. Twenty‐seven sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes were selected for the target genes. Our results demonstrated that gene expression levels were altered by heat and microfiltration whereas the pasteurization and pasteurization and microfiltration resulted in less alteration of gene expression. Heat activated and inhibited both sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes, suggesting that bacterial spores underwent different molecular mechanism for heat treatments. Our results may provide some insight into the molecular mechanisms of spore survival in response to heat treatment and different intervention strategies used to treat fluid skim milk.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - genetics</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - growth & development</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis - physiology</subject><subject>Bacillus anthracis spores</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Colony Count, Microbial</subject><subject>DNA, Complementary - analysis</subject><subject>Filtration</subject><subject>Food engineering</subject><subject>Food Handling - methods</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Food science</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Gram-positive bacteria</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk - microbiology</subject><subject>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</subject><subject>milk pasteurization and microfiltration</subject><subject>Molecular structure</subject><subject>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</subject><subject>Pasteurization</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>real-time PCR assay</subject><subject>RNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>RNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Spores, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>Spores, Bacterial - physiology</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><issn>0022-1147</issn><issn>1750-3841</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUV1v0zAUjRCIlcFfQBYSvCXYjh0nL0hbu3WDDR46xKPl-kNzmzrFTlj7R_Z7sZeqSLyAX3yPfM651_dkGUCwQPF8XBWIUZiXNUEFhrApIII1KXbPssnx4Xk2gRDjHCHCTrJXIaxgwmX1MjtBTdkwhtkke1xsOz-0oredA8IpMNd-Y92I59ppcLHbeh1CwmdOtPtgA-gMOBfStu0Qoqi_9xEEsOi1j4LkqAOwDizWdgNubbsGg1Pagyst-qcmM2uM9tr14NpF0a9YJf87Le-d_Tno8Dp7YUQb9JvDfZp9v7y4m17lN9_m19Ozm1yShpAcEWUINUYpKaQxtEGIlUzF7ynSLCleEiyryigmCIGVoSWlVLIGG0yUMgaWp9mH0Xfru9S35xsbpG5b4XQ3BF4xVLGa4X8SMWQE1TA5vvuLuOoGHxcXOIojY1JVNJLqkSR9F4LXhm-93Qi_5wjylDBf8RQkT0HylDB_SpjvovTtwX9YbrT6IzxEGgnvDwQRpGiNFy6Gc-RhRGBcRprh08h7sK3e__cA_PPlbJHKaJCPBjb0enc0EH4d11Yyyn98nfNb1HyZVtMZJ-VvlXXSUw</recordid><startdate>200904</startdate><enddate>200904</enddate><creator>Liu, Y.</creator><creator>Ream, A.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200904</creationdate><title>Sporulation and Germination Gene Expression Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Sterne Spores in Skim Milk under Heat and Different Intervention Techniques</title><author>Liu, Y. ; Ream, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4944-14df45ffddcacff5911737d193d49b52b42c66fd7a4406f53555c792f24ddff03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis - genetics</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis - growth & development</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis - physiology</topic><topic>Bacillus anthracis spores</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Colony Count, Microbial</topic><topic>DNA, Complementary - analysis</topic><topic>Filtration</topic><topic>Food engineering</topic><topic>Food Handling - methods</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Food science</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Gram-positive bacteria</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk - microbiology</topic><topic>Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams</topic><topic>milk pasteurization and microfiltration</topic><topic>Molecular structure</topic><topic>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</topic><topic>Pasteurization</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>real-time PCR assay</topic><topic>RNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>RNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Spores, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>Spores, Bacterial - physiology</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ream, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of food science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Y.</au><au>Ream, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sporulation and Germination Gene Expression Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Sterne Spores in Skim Milk under Heat and Different Intervention Techniques</atitle><jtitle>Journal of food science</jtitle><addtitle>J Food Sci</addtitle><date>2009-04</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>74</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>M120</spage><epage>M124</epage><pages>M120-M124</pages><issn>0022-1147</issn><eissn>1750-3841</eissn><coden>JFDSAZ</coden><abstract>To investigate how B. anthracis Sterne spores survive in milk under heat (80 °C, 10 min), pasteurization (72 °C, 15 s), microfiltration, and pasteurization and microfiltration, the expression levels of genes related to sporulation and germination were tested using real‐time PCR assays. Twenty‐seven sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes were selected for the target genes. Our results demonstrated that gene expression levels were altered by heat and microfiltration whereas the pasteurization and pasteurization and microfiltration resulted in less alteration of gene expression. Heat activated and inhibited both sporulation‐ and germination‐related genes, suggesting that bacterial spores underwent different molecular mechanism for heat treatments. Our results may provide some insight into the molecular mechanisms of spore survival in response to heat treatment and different intervention strategies used to treat fluid skim milk.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>19397727</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01084.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Bacillus anthracis Bacillus anthracis - genetics Bacillus anthracis - growth & development Bacillus anthracis - physiology Bacillus anthracis spores Biological and medical sciences Colony Count, Microbial DNA, Complementary - analysis Filtration Food engineering Food Handling - methods Food industries Food science Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Expression General aspects Gram-positive bacteria Hot Temperature Milk Milk - microbiology Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams milk pasteurization and microfiltration Molecular structure Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Pasteurization Polymerase Chain Reaction real-time PCR assay RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification Spores, Bacterial - genetics Spores, Bacterial - physiology Temperature |
| title | Sporulation and Germination Gene Expression Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Sterne Spores in Skim Milk under Heat and Different Intervention Techniques |
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