The influence of cortical maturation on the BOLD response: An fMRI study of visual cortex in children

We performed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MR imaging in 11 children younger than 5 y of age and 10 children older than 5 y of age. All but five of the children in the older age group were tested under light anesthesia. We examined the cerebral oxidative metabolism (CMRO(2)) as...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pediatric research 2004-12, Vol.56 (6), p.967-974
Hauptverfasser: MARCAR, Valentine L, STRÄSSLE, Andrea E, LOENNEKER, Thomas, SCHWARZ, Uwe, MARTIN, Ernst
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container_end_page 974
container_issue 6
container_start_page 967
container_title Pediatric research
container_volume 56
creator MARCAR, Valentine L
STRÄSSLE, Andrea E
LOENNEKER, Thomas
SCHWARZ, Uwe
MARTIN, Ernst
description We performed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional MR imaging in 11 children younger than 5 y of age and 10 children older than 5 y of age. All but five of the children in the older age group were tested under light anesthesia. We examined the cerebral oxidative metabolism (CMRO(2)) associated with the processing of a flashed and a reversing checkerboard stimulus. These stimuli had been shown in a previous study to induce identical vascular responses. The reversing checkerboard activated twice the neuronal population of the flashed checkerboard, doubling the CMRO(2) associated with it. We compared the extent of activation for the positive BOLD response and found that it did not differ between the different age groups. We estimated the oxidative metabolism by examining the change in the local deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration using Delta R2*. Because both stimuli induced the same vascular response, any increase in oxygen requirement would have to be met by the identical blood volume. Increasing CMRO(2) will therefore result in an increase in the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), which raises the local HbR concentration. In the younger children, both checkerboard stimuli produced identical, high HbR concentrations. In the older children, the HbR concentration to the flashed stimulus was significantly lower than to the reversing stimulus. We conclude that, for identical stimuli, the oxidative energy requirement associated with the cortical processing is higher in young children than in older children because the presence of superfluous synaptic connections in the immature visual system activates a larger neuronal population.
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All but five of the children in the older age group were tested under light anesthesia. We examined the cerebral oxidative metabolism (CMRO(2)) associated with the processing of a flashed and a reversing checkerboard stimulus. These stimuli had been shown in a previous study to induce identical vascular responses. The reversing checkerboard activated twice the neuronal population of the flashed checkerboard, doubling the CMRO(2) associated with it. We compared the extent of activation for the positive BOLD response and found that it did not differ between the different age groups. We estimated the oxidative metabolism by examining the change in the local deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) concentration using Delta R2*. Because both stimuli induced the same vascular response, any increase in oxygen requirement would have to be met by the identical blood volume. Increasing CMRO(2) will therefore result in an increase in the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), which raises the local HbR concentration. In the younger children, both checkerboard stimuli produced identical, high HbR concentrations. In the older children, the HbR concentration to the flashed stimulus was significantly lower than to the reversing stimulus. 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In the younger children, both checkerboard stimuli produced identical, high HbR concentrations. In the older children, the HbR concentration to the flashed stimulus was significantly lower than to the reversing stimulus. 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source MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Journals@Ovid Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Biological and medical sciences
Cerebrovascular Circulation
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
General aspects
Humans
Infant
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Medical sciences
Oxygen - blood
Visual Cortex - growth & development
Visual Cortex - physiology
Visual Perception - physiology
title The influence of cortical maturation on the BOLD response: An fMRI study of visual cortex in children
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