Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Astounding Genetic Diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., The Dominant Gliding Zooflagellates in Soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa)
The cercozoan family Heteromitidae comprises morphologically rather uniform gliding zooflagellates, including Bodomorpha and Heteromita, the most ubiquitous and numerous soil protozoa. The generally used name ‘ Heteromita globosa’ for the commonest gliding biflagellates is incorrect. ‘ Heteromita’ D...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Protist 2009-05, Vol.160 (2), p.159-189 |
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| creator | Howe, Alexis T. Bass, David Vickerman, Keith Chao, Ema E. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas |
| description | The cercozoan family Heteromitidae comprises morphologically rather uniform gliding zooflagellates, including
Bodomorpha and
Heteromita, the most ubiquitous and numerous soil protozoa. The generally used name ‘
Heteromita globosa’ for the commonest gliding biflagellates is incorrect. ‘
Heteromita’ Dujardin, 1841 originally contained only two probable euglenozoans and an unidentifiable flagellate, making it inapplicable to Cercozoa. Accordingly, we establish a new order Glissomonadida for Heteromitidae sensu Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003. We cultured over 100 glissomonad strains, sequenced their 18S rRNA genes, and studied their behaviour and morphology by differential interference contrast high definition video microscopy. Group-specific amplification and sequencing of over 450 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA shows that one temperate grassland plot has hundreds of species, there are thousands globally, and tropical species often differ. Glissomonads are probably sisters of Pansomonadida, not Cercomonadida. In a thorough overhaul of glissomonad taxonomy we describe 29 new species, new genera
Sandona,
Neoheteromita,
Flectomonas,
Allapsa, and
Teretomonas, and morphologically distinctive families: Sandonidae, Allapsidae, Bodomorphidae, and Proleptomonadidae. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.protis.2008.11.007 |
| format | Article |
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Bodomorpha and
Heteromita, the most ubiquitous and numerous soil protozoa. The generally used name ‘
Heteromita globosa’ for the commonest gliding biflagellates is incorrect. ‘
Heteromita’ Dujardin, 1841 originally contained only two probable euglenozoans and an unidentifiable flagellate, making it inapplicable to Cercozoa. Accordingly, we establish a new order Glissomonadida for Heteromitidae sensu Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003. We cultured over 100 glissomonad strains, sequenced their 18S rRNA genes, and studied their behaviour and morphology by differential interference contrast high definition video microscopy. Group-specific amplification and sequencing of over 450 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA shows that one temperate grassland plot has hundreds of species, there are thousands globally, and tropical species often differ. Glissomonads are probably sisters of Pansomonadida, not Cercomonadida. In a thorough overhaul of glissomonad taxonomy we describe 29 new species, new genera
Sandona,
Neoheteromita,
Flectomonas,
Allapsa, and
Teretomonas, and morphologically distinctive families: Sandonidae, Allapsidae, Bodomorphidae, and Proleptomonadidae.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1434-4610</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1618-0941</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2008.11.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19324594</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Elsevier GmbH</publisher><subject>Allapsidae ; Animals ; Bodomorphidae ; Cercomonadida ; DNA, Protozoan - genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; Eukaryota - classification ; Eukaryota - genetics ; Eukaryota - isolation & purification ; Genetic Variation ; Glissomonadida ; Heteromita ; Heteromita globosa ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics ; Sandonidae ; Soil - parasitology</subject><ispartof>Protist, 2009-05, Vol.160 (2), p.159-189</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier GmbH</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-40e77c131e1052f80c1fc8b6415f2c75f17551cd83d9185870724c09b536ea443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-40e77c131e1052f80c1fc8b6415f2c75f17551cd83d9185870724c09b536ea443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2008.11.007$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3549,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19324594$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Howe, Alexis T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bass, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vickerman, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao, Ema E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</creatorcontrib><title>Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Astounding Genetic Diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., The Dominant Gliding Zooflagellates in Soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa)</title><title>Protist</title><addtitle>Protist</addtitle><description>The cercozoan family Heteromitidae comprises morphologically rather uniform gliding zooflagellates, including
Bodomorpha and
Heteromita, the most ubiquitous and numerous soil protozoa. The generally used name ‘
Heteromita globosa’ for the commonest gliding biflagellates is incorrect. ‘
Heteromita’ Dujardin, 1841 originally contained only two probable euglenozoans and an unidentifiable flagellate, making it inapplicable to Cercozoa. Accordingly, we establish a new order Glissomonadida for Heteromitidae sensu Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003. We cultured over 100 glissomonad strains, sequenced their 18S rRNA genes, and studied their behaviour and morphology by differential interference contrast high definition video microscopy. Group-specific amplification and sequencing of over 450 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA shows that one temperate grassland plot has hundreds of species, there are thousands globally, and tropical species often differ. Glissomonads are probably sisters of Pansomonadida, not Cercomonadida. In a thorough overhaul of glissomonad taxonomy we describe 29 new species, new genera
Sandona,
Neoheteromita,
Flectomonas,
Allapsa, and
Teretomonas, and morphologically distinctive families: Sandonidae, Allapsidae, Bodomorphidae, and Proleptomonadidae.</description><subject>Allapsidae</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bodomorphidae</subject><subject>Cercomonadida</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Eukaryota - classification</subject><subject>Eukaryota - genetics</subject><subject>Eukaryota - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Glissomonadida</subject><subject>Heteromita</subject><subject>Heteromita globosa</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics</subject><subject>Sandonidae</subject><subject>Soil - parasitology</subject><issn>1434-4610</issn><issn>1618-0941</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcuKFDEUhgtRnIu-gUhW4oBV5lQldXEhDD3aCgMOOG7chHRyqidNVc5MUt3YvoYvbMpucKer8y--85_Ln2UvgBfAoX67Ke4DTS4WJedtAVBw3jzKTqGGNuedgMdJi0rkogZ-kp3FuOEcRFe3T7MT6KpSyE6cZr9u7vYDrdHv37Bb_YM8jUlpb9llnGjrrfNrtkSPkzPsyu0wRDftGfVsObgYaSSvrbOaUbAF87Qrks8dsisandd-mrE_Ht-J-kGvcRj0hJE5z76SG9jrm3QE_ST9ji0wmFldPMue9HqI-PxYz7NvHz_cLj7l11-WnxeX17kRsplywbFpDFSAwGXZt9xAb9pVLUD2pWlkD42UYGxb2Q5a2Ta8KYXh3UpWNWohqvPs1cE3PfJhi3FSo4tm3tAjbaOqGyihA_5fsEzzq66VCRQH0ASKMWCv7oMbddgr4GpOTW3UITU1p6YAVEottb08-m9XI9q_TceYEvD-AGB6x85hUNE49AatC2gmZcn9e8Jv1q2rFQ</recordid><startdate>20090501</startdate><enddate>20090501</enddate><creator>Howe, Alexis T.</creator><creator>Bass, David</creator><creator>Vickerman, Keith</creator><creator>Chao, Ema E.</creator><creator>Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</creator><general>Elsevier GmbH</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090501</creationdate><title>Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Astounding Genetic Diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., The Dominant Gliding Zooflagellates in Soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa)</title><author>Howe, Alexis T. ; Bass, David ; Vickerman, Keith ; Chao, Ema E. ; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-40e77c131e1052f80c1fc8b6415f2c75f17551cd83d9185870724c09b536ea443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Allapsidae</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bodomorphidae</topic><topic>Cercomonadida</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</topic><topic>Eukaryota - classification</topic><topic>Eukaryota - genetics</topic><topic>Eukaryota - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Glissomonadida</topic><topic>Heteromita</topic><topic>Heteromita globosa</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics</topic><topic>Sandonidae</topic><topic>Soil - parasitology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Howe, Alexis T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bass, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vickerman, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chao, Ema E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Protist</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Howe, Alexis T.</au><au>Bass, David</au><au>Vickerman, Keith</au><au>Chao, Ema E.</au><au>Cavalier-Smith, Thomas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Astounding Genetic Diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., The Dominant Gliding Zooflagellates in Soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa)</atitle><jtitle>Protist</jtitle><addtitle>Protist</addtitle><date>2009-05-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>160</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>159</spage><epage>189</epage><pages>159-189</pages><issn>1434-4610</issn><eissn>1618-0941</eissn><abstract>The cercozoan family Heteromitidae comprises morphologically rather uniform gliding zooflagellates, including
Bodomorpha and
Heteromita, the most ubiquitous and numerous soil protozoa. The generally used name ‘
Heteromita globosa’ for the commonest gliding biflagellates is incorrect. ‘
Heteromita’ Dujardin, 1841 originally contained only two probable euglenozoans and an unidentifiable flagellate, making it inapplicable to Cercozoa. Accordingly, we establish a new order Glissomonadida for Heteromitidae sensu Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2003. We cultured over 100 glissomonad strains, sequenced their 18S rRNA genes, and studied their behaviour and morphology by differential interference contrast high definition video microscopy. Group-specific amplification and sequencing of over 450 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA shows that one temperate grassland plot has hundreds of species, there are thousands globally, and tropical species often differ. Glissomonads are probably sisters of Pansomonadida, not Cercomonadida. In a thorough overhaul of glissomonad taxonomy we describe 29 new species, new genera
Sandona,
Neoheteromita,
Flectomonas,
Allapsa, and
Teretomonas, and morphologically distinctive families: Sandonidae, Allapsidae, Bodomorphidae, and Proleptomonadidae.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Elsevier GmbH</pub><pmid>19324594</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.protis.2008.11.007</doi><tpages>31</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Allapsidae Animals Bodomorphidae Cercomonadida DNA, Protozoan - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Eukaryota - classification Eukaryota - genetics Eukaryota - isolation & purification Genetic Variation Glissomonadida Heteromita Heteromita globosa Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny RNA, Ribosomal, 18S - genetics Sandonidae Soil - parasitology |
| title | Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Astounding Genetic Diversity of Glissomonadida ord. nov., The Dominant Gliding Zooflagellates in Soil (Protozoa: Cercozoa) |
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