Role of retinal glial cells in neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism
In addition to photoreceptors and neurons, glial cells (in particular Müller cells) contribute to the removal and metabolization of neurotransmitters in the neural retina. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the role of retinal glial cells in the uptake of glutamate, N-acetylaspar...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neurochemistry international 2009-03, Vol.54 (3), p.143-160 |
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| creator | Bringmann, Andreas Pannicke, Thomas Biedermann, Bernd Francke, Mike Iandiev, Ianors Grosche, Jens Wiedemann, Peter Albrecht, Jan Reichenbach, Andreas |
| description | In addition to photoreceptors and neurons, glial cells (in particular Müller cells) contribute to the removal and metabolization of neurotransmitters in the neural retina. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the role of retinal glial cells in the uptake of glutamate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and
d-serine, as well as the degradation and removal of purinergic receptor agonists. Some major pathways of glutamate metabolism in Müller cells are described; these pathways are involved in the glutamate–glutamine cycle of the retina, in the defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress via the production of glutathione, and in the production of substrates for the neuronal energy metabolism. In addition, the developmental regulation of the major glial glutamate transporter, GLAST, and of the glia-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase is described, as well as the importance of a malfunction and even reversal of glial glutamate transporters, and a downregulation of the glutamine synthetase, as pathogenic factors in different retinopathies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neuint.2008.10.014 |
| format | Article |
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d-serine, as well as the degradation and removal of purinergic receptor agonists. Some major pathways of glutamate metabolism in Müller cells are described; these pathways are involved in the glutamate–glutamine cycle of the retina, in the defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress via the production of glutathione, and in the production of substrates for the neuronal energy metabolism. In addition, the developmental regulation of the major glial glutamate transporter, GLAST, and of the glia-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase is described, as well as the importance of a malfunction and even reversal of glial glutamate transporters, and a downregulation of the glutamine synthetase, as pathogenic factors in different retinopathies.</description><subject>Adenosine</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>ATP</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GABA</subject><subject>Glutamate</subject><subject>Glutamic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Glycine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Müller cells</subject><subject>Neuroglia - metabolism</subject><subject>Neurons - metabolism</subject><subject>Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptors, Purinergic - metabolism</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Retina</subject><subject>Retina - cytology</subject><subject>Retina - metabolism</subject><subject>Retinal pathology</subject><subject>Synaptic Transmission - physiology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0197-0186</issn><issn>1872-9754</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWqv_QGQvets6yW432YsgpX5AQRA9hzSZSOp-1CQr-O_N0qI3LzMwPDPz8hByQWFGgVY3m1mHg-vijAGINJoBLQ_IhArO8prPy0MyAVrzHKioTshpCBsA4DXMj8kJrSktgbMJWb70DWa9zTxG16kme29cqhqbJmSuy9IP30evutC6GNFnwzaqD8xUZ7IWo1r3jQvtGTmyqgl4vu9T8na_fF085qvnh6fF3SrX5byKuUVemALBKCaY0HNuDCAUhonaWsWoLmssCyGsNloIBCsqpGVRU2sMQyWKKbne3d36_nPAEGXrwphVddgPQVYcoKqLESx3oPZ9CB6t3HrXKv8tKchRn9zInT456hunSV9au9zfH9Ytmr-lva8EXO0BFbRqbBKjXfjlGGXJMKeJu91xmGx8OfQyaIedRuM86ihN7_5P8gN0kJC6</recordid><startdate>20090301</startdate><enddate>20090301</enddate><creator>Bringmann, Andreas</creator><creator>Pannicke, Thomas</creator><creator>Biedermann, Bernd</creator><creator>Francke, Mike</creator><creator>Iandiev, Ianors</creator><creator>Grosche, Jens</creator><creator>Wiedemann, Peter</creator><creator>Albrecht, Jan</creator><creator>Reichenbach, Andreas</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090301</creationdate><title>Role of retinal glial cells in neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism</title><author>Bringmann, Andreas ; Pannicke, Thomas ; Biedermann, Bernd ; Francke, Mike ; Iandiev, Ianors ; Grosche, Jens ; Wiedemann, Peter ; Albrecht, Jan ; Reichenbach, Andreas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c456t-fe73d3e0da2828c57dd0e03d289ffa21c49e4388fcdc88e0f86e14391fdd2ea83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adenosine</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>ATP</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding the role of retinal glial cells in the uptake of glutamate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and
d-serine, as well as the degradation and removal of purinergic receptor agonists. Some major pathways of glutamate metabolism in Müller cells are described; these pathways are involved in the glutamate–glutamine cycle of the retina, in the defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress via the production of glutathione, and in the production of substrates for the neuronal energy metabolism. In addition, the developmental regulation of the major glial glutamate transporter, GLAST, and of the glia-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase is described, as well as the importance of a malfunction and even reversal of glial glutamate transporters, and a downregulation of the glutamine synthetase, as pathogenic factors in different retinopathies.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19114072</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.neuint.2008.10.014</doi><tpages>18</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenosine Animals ATP Biological and medical sciences Energy Metabolism - physiology Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 - metabolism Eye and associated structures. Visual pathways and centers. Vision Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GABA Glutamate Glutamic Acid - metabolism Glycine Humans Müller cells Neuroglia - metabolism Neurons - metabolism Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism Receptors, Purinergic - metabolism Recycling Retina Retina - cytology Retina - metabolism Retinal pathology Synaptic Transmission - physiology Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
| title | Role of retinal glial cells in neurotransmitter uptake and metabolism |
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