Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran
Summary Background The empirical therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI) relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods In a prospective study undertaken over a 14-month period, 5136 samples from patients suspected of ha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of infectious diseases 2009-03, Vol.13 (2), p.140-144 |
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| description | Summary Background The empirical therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI) relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods In a prospective study undertaken over a 14-month period, 5136 samples from patients suspected of having a UTI were analyzed, of which 676 were culture-positive. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Results According to our results, Escherichia coli was the most common etiological agent of UTI (74.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp (11.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%). Analysis of the frequency of isolated bacteria according to the age of the patients revealed that Klebsiella infections are more prevalent in the older age groups (>10 years) and Pseudomonas infections are more prevalent in children and the elderly (60 years). Results of antimicrobial susceptibility analysis for E. coli , as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are as follows: amikacin (97.8%), gentamicin (97%), ciprofloxacin (94%), nitrofurantoin (87.1%), nalidixic acid (93.7%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (48.2%), cephalexin (76%), and ampicillin (6.9%). Conclusions The results show that the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly variable and continuous surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens is important. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.04.014 |
| format | Article |
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Methods In a prospective study undertaken over a 14-month period, 5136 samples from patients suspected of having a UTI were analyzed, of which 676 were culture-positive. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Results According to our results, Escherichia coli was the most common etiological agent of UTI (74.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp (11.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%). Analysis of the frequency of isolated bacteria according to the age of the patients revealed that Klebsiella infections are more prevalent in the older age groups (>10 years) and Pseudomonas infections are more prevalent in children and the elderly (<9 years and >60 years). Results of antimicrobial susceptibility analysis for E. coli , as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are as follows: amikacin (97.8%), gentamicin (97%), ciprofloxacin (94%), nitrofurantoin (87.1%), nalidixic acid (93.7%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (48.2%), cephalexin (76%), and ampicillin (6.9%). Conclusions The results show that the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly variable and continuous surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens is important.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1201-9712</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-3511</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.04.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18703368</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Antibacterial agents ; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents ; Antimicrobial resistance ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial diseases of the urinary system ; Biological and medical sciences ; Causative agents ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Escherichia coli - drug effects ; Escherichia coli - isolation & purification ; Female ; Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - drug therapy ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy ; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology ; Gram-Positive Cocci - classification ; Gram-Positive Cocci - drug effects ; Gram-Positive Cocci - isolation & purification ; Human bacterial diseases ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease ; Infectious diseases ; Iran - epidemiology ; Klebsiella - classification ; Klebsiella - drug effects ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa - isolation & purification ; Pulmonary/Respiratory ; Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous ; Urinary tract infection ; Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology ; Urinary tract. Prostate gland ; UTI ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of infectious diseases, 2009-03, Vol.13 (2), p.140-144</ispartof><rights>International Society for Infectious Diseases</rights><rights>2008 International Society for Infectious Diseases</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-7e864f18f80ed670b9c1269c8c72c87bfdc74c3b9411af89e50bb9946c5e7cd43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-7e864f18f80ed670b9c1269c8c72c87bfdc74c3b9411af89e50bb9946c5e7cd43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971208013763$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21300619$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703368$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Farajnia, Safar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghotaslou, Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naghili, Behrooz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakhlband, Ailar</creatorcontrib><title>Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran</title><title>International journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Int J Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Summary Background The empirical therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI) relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods In a prospective study undertaken over a 14-month period, 5136 samples from patients suspected of having a UTI were analyzed, of which 676 were culture-positive. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Results According to our results, Escherichia coli was the most common etiological agent of UTI (74.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp (11.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%). Analysis of the frequency of isolated bacteria according to the age of the patients revealed that Klebsiella infections are more prevalent in the older age groups (>10 years) and Pseudomonas infections are more prevalent in children and the elderly (<9 years and >60 years). Results of antimicrobial susceptibility analysis for E. coli , as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are as follows: amikacin (97.8%), gentamicin (97%), ciprofloxacin (94%), nitrofurantoin (87.1%), nalidixic acid (93.7%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (48.2%), cephalexin (76%), and ampicillin (6.9%). Conclusions The results show that the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly variable and continuous surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens is important.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Antibacterial agents</subject><subject>Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents</subject><subject>Antimicrobial resistance</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases of the urinary system</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Causative agents</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - drug effects</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Cocci - classification</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Cocci - drug effects</subject><subject>Gram-Positive Cocci - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Iran - epidemiology</subject><subject>Klebsiella - classification</subject><subject>Klebsiella - drug effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Pulmonary/Respiratory</subject><subject>Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Urinary tract infection</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><subject>UTI</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1201-9712</issn><issn>1878-3511</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ks-L1TAQgIso7rr6D3iQXvTWOmnT_AAR5KHrwoIH9RzSdOqb2pc-k3Rl_3tT3sMFDx7CzOGbyczHFMVLBjUDJt5ONU001A2AqoHXwPij4pIpqaq2Y-xxzhtglZasuSiexTgBABdCPS0uMgRtK9Rlsd_ZNdpEd1jaH-hTLK0f8kt0IBeWnuxcxjU6PCbqaaZEGMtlLNdA3ob7MgXrUkl-RJdo8TGnZdpj6ZeQ9r8xpg2-CdY_L56Mdo744hyviu-fPn7bfa5uv1zf7D7cVq7jOlUSleAjU6MCHISEXjvWCO2Uk41Tsh8HJ7lre80Zs6PS2EHfa82F61C6gbdXxZtT32NYfq15AHOgPP48W4_LGo0QWjWd3MDmBOY1Yww4mmOgQ97JMDCbXzOZza_Z_BrgJvvNRa_O3df-gMNDyVloBl6fARudnce8uaP4l2tYCyCYzty7E4fZxR1hMNEReocDhazSDAv9f473_5S7mTzlH3_iPcZpWYPPlg0zsTFgvm6XsB0CKGCtFG37B2err7M</recordid><startdate>20090301</startdate><enddate>20090301</enddate><creator>Farajnia, Safar</creator><creator>Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef</creator><creator>Ghotaslou, Reza</creator><creator>Naghili, Behrooz</creator><creator>Nakhlband, Ailar</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090301</creationdate><title>Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran</title><author>Farajnia, Safar ; Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef ; Ghotaslou, Reza ; Naghili, Behrooz ; Nakhlband, Ailar</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c549t-7e864f18f80ed670b9c1269c8c72c87bfdc74c3b9411af89e50bb9946c5e7cd43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Antibacterial agents</topic><topic>Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents</topic><topic>Antimicrobial resistance</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases of the urinary system</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Causative agents</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - drug effects</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects</topic><topic>Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Cocci - classification</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Cocci - drug effects</topic><topic>Gram-Positive Cocci - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Iran - epidemiology</topic><topic>Klebsiella - classification</topic><topic>Klebsiella - drug effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects</topic><topic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Pulmonary/Respiratory</topic><topic>Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Urinary tract infection</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</topic><topic>UTI</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Farajnia, Safar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghotaslou, Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naghili, Behrooz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakhlband, Ailar</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Farajnia, Safar</au><au>Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef</au><au>Ghotaslou, Reza</au><au>Naghili, Behrooz</au><au>Nakhlband, Ailar</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran</atitle><jtitle>International journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2009-03-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>140</spage><epage>144</epage><pages>140-144</pages><issn>1201-9712</issn><eissn>1878-3511</eissn><abstract>Summary Background The empirical therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI) relies on the predictability of the agents causing UTI and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods In a prospective study undertaken over a 14-month period, 5136 samples from patients suspected of having a UTI were analyzed, of which 676 were culture-positive. Isolated bacteria were identified by standard tests, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Results According to our results, Escherichia coli was the most common etiological agent of UTI (74.6%), followed by Klebsiella spp (11.7%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.4%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.2%). Analysis of the frequency of isolated bacteria according to the age of the patients revealed that Klebsiella infections are more prevalent in the older age groups (>10 years) and Pseudomonas infections are more prevalent in children and the elderly (<9 years and >60 years). Results of antimicrobial susceptibility analysis for E. coli , as the most prevalent cause of UTI, to commonly used antibiotics are as follows: amikacin (97.8%), gentamicin (97%), ciprofloxacin (94%), nitrofurantoin (87.1%), nalidixic acid (93.7%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (48.2%), cephalexin (76%), and ampicillin (6.9%). Conclusions The results show that the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the causes of UTI are highly variable and continuous surveillance of trends in resistance patterns of uropathogens is important.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>18703368</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ijid.2008.04.014</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibacterial agents Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents Antimicrobial resistance Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the urinary system Biological and medical sciences Causative agents Child Child, Preschool Drug Resistance, Bacterial Escherichia coli - drug effects Escherichia coli - isolation & purification Female Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects Gram-Negative Bacteria - isolation & purification Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - drug therapy Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - epidemiology Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - drug therapy Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections - microbiology Gram-Positive Cocci - classification Gram-Positive Cocci - drug effects Gram-Positive Cocci - isolation & purification Human bacterial diseases Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Iran - epidemiology Klebsiella - classification Klebsiella - drug effects Male Medical sciences Microbial Sensitivity Tests - methods Middle Aged Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects Pseudomonas aeruginosa - isolation & purification Pulmonary/Respiratory Urinary system involvement in other diseases. Miscellaneous Urinary tract infection Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology Urinary tract. Prostate gland UTI Young Adult |
| title | Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran |
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