Intratesticular Testosterone Concentrations Comparable With Serum Levels Are Not Sufficient to Maintain Normal Sperm Production in Men Receiving a Hormonal Contraceptive Regimen
Intratesticular testosterone (ITT) is thought to play a key role in the control of spermatogenesis in man but is rarely measured. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between intratesticular fluid and serum testosterone (T) at baseline and during treatment with a contracept...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of andrology 2004-11, Vol.25 (6), p.931-938 |
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| creator | Coviello, Andrea D Bremner, William J Matsumoto, Alvin M Herbst, Karen L Amory, John K Anawalt, Bradley D Yan, Xiaohua Brown, Terry R Wright, William W Zirkin, Barry R Jarow, Jonathan P |
| description | Intratesticular testosterone (ITT) is thought to play a key role in the control of spermatogenesis in man but is rarely measured. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between intratesticular fluid and serum testosterone (T) at baseline and during treatment with a contraceptive regimen known to suppress spermatogenesis and 2) to measure intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity. Seven men received 6 months of T enanthate (TE) 100 mg weekly intramuscularly plus levonorgestrel (LNG) 62.5 or 31.25 μg orally daily. Testicular fluid was obtained by percutaneous aspiration at baseline and during month 6. Mean luteinizing hormone (LH) was suppressed 98% from 3.79 ± 0.80 IU/L at baseline to 0.08 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was suppressed 97%, from 3.29 ± 0.67 IU/L to 0.10 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean serum T levels were similar before (22.8 ± 1.9 nmol/L) and during treatment (28.7 ± 2.0 nmol/L) (P = .12). ITT (822 ± 136 nmol/L) was ∼40× higher than serum T (P < .001) at baseline. ITT was suppressed 98% during treatment to 13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L, a level similar to baseline serum T (P = .08) but significantly lower than on‐treatment serum T (P = .01). At baseline, intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity (583 ± 145 nmol/L) was 70% of the ITT concentration measured by radioimmunoassay. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was suppressed 93% to 40 ± 22 nmol/L (P < .01) during treatment, but was 3× higher than ITT (13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L). Sperm counts declined from 65 ± 15 million/mL to 1.3 ± 1.3 million/mL. In summary, TE plus LNG dramatically suppressed ITT (98%) and intratesticular androgenic bioactivity (93%) to levels approximating those in serum. ITT levels comparable with serum T were insufficient to support normal spermatogenesis. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was higher than ITT during treatment, suggesting that other androgens may be prevalent in the low‐ITT environment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb03164.x |
| format | Article |
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The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between intratesticular fluid and serum testosterone (T) at baseline and during treatment with a contraceptive regimen known to suppress spermatogenesis and 2) to measure intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity. Seven men received 6 months of T enanthate (TE) 100 mg weekly intramuscularly plus levonorgestrel (LNG) 62.5 or 31.25 μg orally daily. Testicular fluid was obtained by percutaneous aspiration at baseline and during month 6. Mean luteinizing hormone (LH) was suppressed 98% from 3.79 ± 0.80 IU/L at baseline to 0.08 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was suppressed 97%, from 3.29 ± 0.67 IU/L to 0.10 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean serum T levels were similar before (22.8 ± 1.9 nmol/L) and during treatment (28.7 ± 2.0 nmol/L) (P = .12). ITT (822 ± 136 nmol/L) was ∼40× higher than serum T (P < .001) at baseline. ITT was suppressed 98% during treatment to 13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L, a level similar to baseline serum T (P = .08) but significantly lower than on‐treatment serum T (P = .01). At baseline, intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity (583 ± 145 nmol/L) was 70% of the ITT concentration measured by radioimmunoassay. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was suppressed 93% to 40 ± 22 nmol/L (P < .01) during treatment, but was 3× higher than ITT (13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L). Sperm counts declined from 65 ± 15 million/mL to 1.3 ± 1.3 million/mL. In summary, TE plus LNG dramatically suppressed ITT (98%) and intratesticular androgenic bioactivity (93%) to levels approximating those in serum. ITT levels comparable with serum T were insufficient to support normal spermatogenesis. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was higher than ITT during treatment, suggesting that other androgens may be prevalent in the low‐ITT environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-3635</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-4640</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb03164.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15477366</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOAND3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Am Soc Andrology</publisher><subject>Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Androgens - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage ; Contraceptive Agents, Male - pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; gonadotropins ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Hormones - blood ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Intratesticular androgens ; Levonorgestrel - administration & dosage ; Levonorgestrel - pharmacology ; Male ; Male genital diseases ; Mammalian male genital system ; Medical sciences ; Osmolar Concentration ; progestogens ; spermatogenesis ; Spermatogenesis - drug effects ; Testis - metabolism ; Testosterone - administration & dosage ; Testosterone - analogs & derivatives ; Testosterone - blood ; Testosterone - metabolism ; Testosterone - pharmacology ; Vertebrates: reproduction</subject><ispartof>Journal of andrology, 2004-11, Vol.25 (6), p.931-938</ispartof><rights>2004 American Society of Andrology</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4844-527642042e7fbfdbed22f553e7b3f95bef1f024fbbeedab24383ee1fbeb2994d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4844-527642042e7fbfdbed22f553e7b3f95bef1f024fbbeedab24383ee1fbeb2994d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fj.1939-4640.2004.tb03164.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fj.1939-4640.2004.tb03164.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1427,27901,27902,46384,46808</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16235349$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15477366$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Coviello, Andrea D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bremner, William J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsumoto, Alvin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbst, Karen L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amory, John K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anawalt, Bradley D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Xiaohua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Terry R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, William W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zirkin, Barry R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarow, Jonathan P</creatorcontrib><title>Intratesticular Testosterone Concentrations Comparable With Serum Levels Are Not Sufficient to Maintain Normal Sperm Production in Men Receiving a Hormonal Contraceptive Regimen</title><title>Journal of andrology</title><addtitle>J Androl</addtitle><description>Intratesticular testosterone (ITT) is thought to play a key role in the control of spermatogenesis in man but is rarely measured. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between intratesticular fluid and serum testosterone (T) at baseline and during treatment with a contraceptive regimen known to suppress spermatogenesis and 2) to measure intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity. Seven men received 6 months of T enanthate (TE) 100 mg weekly intramuscularly plus levonorgestrel (LNG) 62.5 or 31.25 μg orally daily. Testicular fluid was obtained by percutaneous aspiration at baseline and during month 6. Mean luteinizing hormone (LH) was suppressed 98% from 3.79 ± 0.80 IU/L at baseline to 0.08 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was suppressed 97%, from 3.29 ± 0.67 IU/L to 0.10 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean serum T levels were similar before (22.8 ± 1.9 nmol/L) and during treatment (28.7 ± 2.0 nmol/L) (P = .12). ITT (822 ± 136 nmol/L) was ∼40× higher than serum T (P < .001) at baseline. ITT was suppressed 98% during treatment to 13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L, a level similar to baseline serum T (P = .08) but significantly lower than on‐treatment serum T (P = .01). At baseline, intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity (583 ± 145 nmol/L) was 70% of the ITT concentration measured by radioimmunoassay. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was suppressed 93% to 40 ± 22 nmol/L (P < .01) during treatment, but was 3× higher than ITT (13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L). Sperm counts declined from 65 ± 15 million/mL to 1.3 ± 1.3 million/mL. In summary, TE plus LNG dramatically suppressed ITT (98%) and intratesticular androgenic bioactivity (93%) to levels approximating those in serum. ITT levels comparable with serum T were insufficient to support normal spermatogenesis. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was higher than ITT during treatment, suggesting that other androgens may be prevalent in the low‐ITT environment.</description><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Androgens - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Contraceptive Agents, Male - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>gonadotropins</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Hormones - blood</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injections, Intramuscular</subject><subject>Intratesticular androgens</subject><subject>Levonorgestrel - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Levonorgestrel - pharmacology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Male genital diseases</subject><subject>Mammalian male genital system</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Osmolar Concentration</subject><subject>progestogens</subject><subject>spermatogenesis</subject><subject>Spermatogenesis - drug effects</subject><subject>Testis - metabolism</subject><subject>Testosterone - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Testosterone - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>Testosterone - metabolism</subject><subject>Testosterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: reproduction</subject><issn>0196-3635</issn><issn>1939-4640</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkd1uEzEQhVcIREvhFZCFBHcJ_ltvlyui8NOitCBSxKVle8eJo1072LtJ-1i8IV4SkWsuLI8135kz8imKVwRPCcb07WZKalZPuOB4SjHm015jRgSf3j8qzv-1HhfnmNRiwgQrz4pnKW2yFpOKPS3OSMmriglxXvy-9n1UPaTemaFVEd3lMqQeYvCA5sEb-Au44FN-dlsVlW4B_XT9Gi0hDh1awA7ahGYR0G3o0XKw1hmXZagP6EY53-eTW7FTLVpuIXboWwzNYMahKLduwKPvYMDtnF8hha4yGnyGs332NrDt3Q4ysnId-OfFE6vaBC-O90Xx49PHu_nVZPH18_V8tpgYfsn5pKSV4BRzCpXVttHQUGrLkkGlma1LDZZYTLnVGqBRmnJ2yQCI1aBpXfOGXRRvDnO3Mfwa8q_IziUDbas8hCFJIWpBOOMZfHcATQwpRbByG12n4oMkWI6ByY0cU5FjKnIMTB4Dk_dZ_PLoMugOmpP0mFAGXh8BlYxqbVTeuHTiBGUl43Xm3h-4vWvh4T9WkF9mtx_G8mS1dqv13kWQKUfW5s2I3O_3tJRC1oywP2V2xYk</recordid><startdate>200411</startdate><enddate>200411</enddate><creator>Coviello, Andrea D</creator><creator>Bremner, William J</creator><creator>Matsumoto, Alvin M</creator><creator>Herbst, Karen L</creator><creator>Amory, John K</creator><creator>Anawalt, Bradley D</creator><creator>Yan, Xiaohua</creator><creator>Brown, Terry R</creator><creator>Wright, William W</creator><creator>Zirkin, Barry R</creator><creator>Jarow, Jonathan P</creator><general>Am Soc Andrology</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>American Society of Andrology</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200411</creationdate><title>Intratesticular Testosterone Concentrations Comparable With Serum Levels Are Not Sufficient to Maintain Normal Sperm Production in Men Receiving a Hormonal Contraceptive Regimen</title><author>Coviello, Andrea D ; Bremner, William J ; Matsumoto, Alvin M ; Herbst, Karen L ; Amory, John K ; Anawalt, Bradley D ; Yan, Xiaohua ; Brown, Terry R ; Wright, William W ; Zirkin, Barry R ; Jarow, Jonathan P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4844-527642042e7fbfdbed22f553e7b3f95bef1f024fbbeedab24383ee1fbeb2994d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Androgens - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Contraceptive Agents, Male - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>gonadotropins</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Hormones - blood</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injections, Intramuscular</topic><topic>Intratesticular androgens</topic><topic>Levonorgestrel - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Levonorgestrel - pharmacology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Male genital diseases</topic><topic>Mammalian male genital system</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Osmolar Concentration</topic><topic>progestogens</topic><topic>spermatogenesis</topic><topic>Spermatogenesis - drug effects</topic><topic>Testis - metabolism</topic><topic>Testosterone - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Testosterone - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>Testosterone - metabolism</topic><topic>Testosterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: reproduction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Coviello, Andrea D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bremner, William J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsumoto, Alvin M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbst, Karen L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amory, John K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anawalt, Bradley D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Xiaohua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Terry R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wright, William W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zirkin, Barry R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarow, Jonathan P</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of andrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Coviello, Andrea D</au><au>Bremner, William J</au><au>Matsumoto, Alvin M</au><au>Herbst, Karen L</au><au>Amory, John K</au><au>Anawalt, Bradley D</au><au>Yan, Xiaohua</au><au>Brown, Terry R</au><au>Wright, William W</au><au>Zirkin, Barry R</au><au>Jarow, Jonathan P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Intratesticular Testosterone Concentrations Comparable With Serum Levels Are Not Sufficient to Maintain Normal Sperm Production in Men Receiving a Hormonal Contraceptive Regimen</atitle><jtitle>Journal of andrology</jtitle><addtitle>J Androl</addtitle><date>2004-11</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>931</spage><epage>938</epage><pages>931-938</pages><issn>0196-3635</issn><eissn>1939-4640</eissn><coden>JOAND3</coden><abstract>Intratesticular testosterone (ITT) is thought to play a key role in the control of spermatogenesis in man but is rarely measured. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between intratesticular fluid and serum testosterone (T) at baseline and during treatment with a contraceptive regimen known to suppress spermatogenesis and 2) to measure intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity. Seven men received 6 months of T enanthate (TE) 100 mg weekly intramuscularly plus levonorgestrel (LNG) 62.5 or 31.25 μg orally daily. Testicular fluid was obtained by percutaneous aspiration at baseline and during month 6. Mean luteinizing hormone (LH) was suppressed 98% from 3.79 ± 0.80 IU/L at baseline to 0.08 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was suppressed 97%, from 3.29 ± 0.67 IU/L to 0.10 ± 0.03 IU/L. Mean serum T levels were similar before (22.8 ± 1.9 nmol/L) and during treatment (28.7 ± 2.0 nmol/L) (P = .12). ITT (822 ± 136 nmol/L) was ∼40× higher than serum T (P < .001) at baseline. ITT was suppressed 98% during treatment to 13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L, a level similar to baseline serum T (P = .08) but significantly lower than on‐treatment serum T (P = .01). At baseline, intratesticular fluid androgenic bioactivity (583 ± 145 nmol/L) was 70% of the ITT concentration measured by radioimmunoassay. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was suppressed 93% to 40 ± 22 nmol/L (P < .01) during treatment, but was 3× higher than ITT (13.1 ± 4.5 nmol/L). Sperm counts declined from 65 ± 15 million/mL to 1.3 ± 1.3 million/mL. In summary, TE plus LNG dramatically suppressed ITT (98%) and intratesticular androgenic bioactivity (93%) to levels approximating those in serum. ITT levels comparable with serum T were insufficient to support normal spermatogenesis. Intratesticular androgenic bioactivity was higher than ITT during treatment, suggesting that other androgens may be prevalent in the low‐ITT environment.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Am Soc Andrology</pub><pmid>15477366</pmid><doi>10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb03164.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Administration, Oral Adult Androgens - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Contraceptive Agents, Male - administration & dosage Contraceptive Agents, Male - pharmacology Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug Administration Schedule Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gonadotropins Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Hormones - blood Humans Injections, Intramuscular Intratesticular androgens Levonorgestrel - administration & dosage Levonorgestrel - pharmacology Male Male genital diseases Mammalian male genital system Medical sciences Osmolar Concentration progestogens spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis - drug effects Testis - metabolism Testosterone - administration & dosage Testosterone - analogs & derivatives Testosterone - blood Testosterone - metabolism Testosterone - pharmacology Vertebrates: reproduction |
| title | Intratesticular Testosterone Concentrations Comparable With Serum Levels Are Not Sufficient to Maintain Normal Sperm Production in Men Receiving a Hormonal Contraceptive Regimen |
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