Non-infectious lupus pericarditis: a retrospective hospital-based observation in Yaoundé--Cameroon

To determine the frequency of non-infectious lupus pericarditis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) seen in the Yaoundé Central and General Hospitals. A descriptive retrospective study was carried out in Rheumatology Units of Yaoundé Central and General Hospitals, from January 2001 to January 2004. Inclusion criteria: patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE and presenting with pericarditis. The study consisted of 22 female and one male SLE patients with a mean age of 26 years (range = 13-65). Ten out of 23 patients (43%) presented pericarditis with a mean duration of illness before the diagnosis of pericarditis of 2 years. Pericardial rub was the commonest sign (seven cases), followed by dyspnea (six cases) and chest pain (six cases). The diagnosis of pericarditis was proven by echocardiography in all cases. Typical serological findings included anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA, and anti-Sm antibodies. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly in all the patients. Electrocardiogram showed abnormal repolarization (seven patients) and low voltage QRS complexes (three cases). Treatment consisted of steroids administration. Four patients had relapse of pericarditis during subsequent lupus flares. This short series shows that non-infectious pericarditis is common in SLE patients in Africa.