Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice
West Nile virus (WNV) poses a serious threat to public health, especially to the elderly and the immuno-compromised. Neither vaccines nor treatments are available for humans. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi rich in α-glu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of nutrition 2009-03, Vol.139 (3), p.598-602 |
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| creator | Wang, Shuhui Welte, Thomas Fang, Hao Chang, Gwong-Jen J Born, Willi K O'Brien, Rebecca L Sun, Buxiang Fujii, Hajime Kosuna, Ken-Ichi Wang, Tian |
| description | West Nile virus (WNV) poses a serious threat to public health, especially to the elderly and the immuno-compromised. Neither vaccines nor treatments are available for humans. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi rich in α-glucans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AHCC on host susceptibility in the murine model of WNV infection. Mice orally administered with AHCC (600 mg/kg) every other day for 1 wk before and at d 1 and 3 postinfection were assessed using viremia levels, survival rate, and protective immunity. AHCC administration in young (6- to 8-wk-old) mice attenuated viremia and mortality following lethal WNV infection. WNV-specific IgM and IgG production and γδ T cell expansion were also enhanced in these mice. Aged (21- to 22-mo-old) mice were more susceptible to WNV infection than young mice, partially due to the dysfunction of γδ T cell subsets. AHCC administration in aged mice enhanced the protective Vγ1⁺ T cell response as well as WNV-specific IgG but not IgM antibodies production. AHCC administration in aged mice attenuated viremia levels but led to no difference in mortality rate. Overall, our data suggests that AHCC enhances protective host immune responses against WNV infection in young and aged mice. Dietary supplementation with AHCC may be potentially immunotherapeutic for WNV-susceptible populations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3945/jn.108.100297 |
| format | Article |
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Neither vaccines nor treatments are available for humans. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi rich in α-glucans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AHCC on host susceptibility in the murine model of WNV infection. Mice orally administered with AHCC (600 mg/kg) every other day for 1 wk before and at d 1 and 3 postinfection were assessed using viremia levels, survival rate, and protective immunity. AHCC administration in young (6- to 8-wk-old) mice attenuated viremia and mortality following lethal WNV infection. WNV-specific IgM and IgG production and γδ T cell expansion were also enhanced in these mice. Aged (21- to 22-mo-old) mice were more susceptible to WNV infection than young mice, partially due to the dysfunction of γδ T cell subsets. AHCC administration in aged mice enhanced the protective Vγ1⁺ T cell response as well as WNV-specific IgG but not IgM antibodies production. AHCC administration in aged mice attenuated viremia levels but led to no difference in mortality rate. Overall, our data suggests that AHCC enhances protective host immune responses against WNV infection in young and aged mice. Dietary supplementation with AHCC may be potentially immunotherapeutic for WNV-susceptible populations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3166</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-6100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.100297</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19141700</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JONUAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: American Society for Nutrition</publisher><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Administration, Oral ; Aging ; animal models ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Biological and medical sciences ; chemical compounds ; correlated compounds ; disease resistance ; encephalitis ; experimental infection ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; hexoses ; hosts ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; immunoglobulins ; Lentinula edodes ; Male ; Mice ; mortality ; oral administration ; plant extracts ; Polysaccharides - administration & dosage ; Polysaccharides - pharmacology ; Shiitake Mushrooms - chemistry ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets - drug effects ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; viral diseases of animals and humans ; West Nile encephalitis ; West Nile Fever - immunology ; West Nile Fever - prevention & control ; West Nile virus</subject><ispartof>The Journal of nutrition, 2009-03, Vol.139 (3), p.598-602</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-c5311526a92fb4aabb46be24b93789c5972b6490e4f0b454b6929daf7cd47c7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-c5311526a92fb4aabb46be24b93789c5972b6490e4f0b454b6929daf7cd47c7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21207419$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141700$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shuhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welte, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Gwong-Jen J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Born, Willi K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, Rebecca L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Buxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujii, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kosuna, Ken-Ichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tian</creatorcontrib><title>Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice</title><title>The Journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><description>West Nile virus (WNV) poses a serious threat to public health, especially to the elderly and the immuno-compromised. Neither vaccines nor treatments are available for humans. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi rich in α-glucans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AHCC on host susceptibility in the murine model of WNV infection. Mice orally administered with AHCC (600 mg/kg) every other day for 1 wk before and at d 1 and 3 postinfection were assessed using viremia levels, survival rate, and protective immunity. AHCC administration in young (6- to 8-wk-old) mice attenuated viremia and mortality following lethal WNV infection. WNV-specific IgM and IgG production and γδ T cell expansion were also enhanced in these mice. Aged (21- to 22-mo-old) mice were more susceptible to WNV infection than young mice, partially due to the dysfunction of γδ T cell subsets. AHCC administration in aged mice enhanced the protective Vγ1⁺ T cell response as well as WNV-specific IgG but not IgM antibodies production. AHCC administration in aged mice attenuated viremia levels but led to no difference in mortality rate. Overall, our data suggests that AHCC enhances protective host immune responses against WNV infection in young and aged mice. Dietary supplementation with AHCC may be potentially immunotherapeutic for WNV-susceptible populations.</description><subject>Adjuvants, Immunologic</subject><subject>Administration, Oral</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>chemical compounds</subject><subject>correlated compounds</subject><subject>disease resistance</subject><subject>encephalitis</subject><subject>experimental infection</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>hexoses</subject><subject>hosts</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M - blood</subject><subject>immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Lentinula edodes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>oral administration</subject><subject>plant extracts</subject><subject>Polysaccharides - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Polysaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Shiitake Mushrooms - chemistry</subject><subject>T-Lymphocyte Subsets - drug effects</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>viral diseases of animals and humans</subject><subject>West Nile encephalitis</subject><subject>West Nile Fever - immunology</subject><subject>West Nile Fever - prevention & control</subject><subject>West Nile virus</subject><issn>0022-3166</issn><issn>1541-6100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpF0E1v3CAQBmAUNUq2aY65tlzam1MGAzbH1SrtVsqHlDbK0QI8TljZsAVv1Pz7Eu2qPSCG0cNo9BJyAeyy1kJ-3YRLYG05jOvmiCxACqhUeb4ji9LjVQ1KnZL3OW8YYyB0e0JOQYOAhrEFyXfJjHTZTz74PCcz-xhoHOjSzf4F6Rr_xIx0FVPC0czYl3Laxl3o6VV4NsFhpuuYZ3qPufx_a9A50kcsrVs_YlEOt89m9LPP1Ad64x1-IMeDGTOeH-4z8vDt6tdqXV3fff-xWl5XTkg2V07WAJIro_lghTHWCmWRC6vrptVO6oZbJTRDMTArpLBKc92boXG9aFxj6jPyZT93m-LvXVmpm3x2OI4mYNzlTilda2ihwGoPXYo5Jxy6bfKTSa8dsO4t5W4TStl2-5SL_3gYvLMT9v_1IdYCPh-Ayc6MQyrB-PzPceCsEaCL-7R3g4mdeUrFPPzkDGoGUstWtPVfj8yOdA</recordid><startdate>20090301</startdate><enddate>20090301</enddate><creator>Wang, Shuhui</creator><creator>Welte, Thomas</creator><creator>Fang, Hao</creator><creator>Chang, Gwong-Jen J</creator><creator>Born, Willi K</creator><creator>O'Brien, Rebecca L</creator><creator>Sun, Buxiang</creator><creator>Fujii, Hajime</creator><creator>Kosuna, Ken-Ichi</creator><creator>Wang, Tian</creator><general>American Society for Nutrition</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090301</creationdate><title>Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice</title><author>Wang, Shuhui ; Welte, Thomas ; Fang, Hao ; Chang, Gwong-Jen J ; Born, Willi K ; O'Brien, Rebecca L ; Sun, Buxiang ; Fujii, Hajime ; Kosuna, Ken-Ichi ; Wang, Tian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c450t-c5311526a92fb4aabb46be24b93789c5972b6490e4f0b454b6929daf7cd47c7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adjuvants, Immunologic</topic><topic>Administration, Oral</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>chemical compounds</topic><topic>correlated compounds</topic><topic>disease resistance</topic><topic>encephalitis</topic><topic>experimental infection</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>hexoses</topic><topic>hosts</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M - blood</topic><topic>immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Lentinula edodes</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>oral administration</topic><topic>plant extracts</topic><topic>Polysaccharides - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Polysaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Shiitake Mushrooms - chemistry</topic><topic>T-Lymphocyte Subsets - drug effects</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>viral diseases of animals and humans</topic><topic>West Nile encephalitis</topic><topic>West Nile Fever - immunology</topic><topic>West Nile Fever - prevention & control</topic><topic>West Nile virus</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wang, Shuhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welte, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Gwong-Jen J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Born, Willi K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Brien, Rebecca L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Buxiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujii, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kosuna, Ken-Ichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tian</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wang, Shuhui</au><au>Welte, Thomas</au><au>Fang, Hao</au><au>Chang, Gwong-Jen J</au><au>Born, Willi K</au><au>O'Brien, Rebecca L</au><au>Sun, Buxiang</au><au>Fujii, Hajime</au><au>Kosuna, Ken-Ichi</au><au>Wang, Tian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><date>2009-03-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>139</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>598</spage><epage>602</epage><pages>598-602</pages><issn>0022-3166</issn><eissn>1541-6100</eissn><coden>JONUAI</coden><abstract>West Nile virus (WNV) poses a serious threat to public health, especially to the elderly and the immuno-compromised. Neither vaccines nor treatments are available for humans. Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is an extract of Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi rich in α-glucans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AHCC on host susceptibility in the murine model of WNV infection. Mice orally administered with AHCC (600 mg/kg) every other day for 1 wk before and at d 1 and 3 postinfection were assessed using viremia levels, survival rate, and protective immunity. AHCC administration in young (6- to 8-wk-old) mice attenuated viremia and mortality following lethal WNV infection. WNV-specific IgM and IgG production and γδ T cell expansion were also enhanced in these mice. Aged (21- to 22-mo-old) mice were more susceptible to WNV infection than young mice, partially due to the dysfunction of γδ T cell subsets. AHCC administration in aged mice enhanced the protective Vγ1⁺ T cell response as well as WNV-specific IgG but not IgM antibodies production. AHCC administration in aged mice attenuated viremia levels but led to no difference in mortality rate. Overall, our data suggests that AHCC enhances protective host immune responses against WNV infection in young and aged mice. Dietary supplementation with AHCC may be potentially immunotherapeutic for WNV-susceptible populations.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>American Society for Nutrition</pub><pmid>19141700</pmid><doi>10.3945/jn.108.100297</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of nutrition, 2009-03, Vol.139 (3), p.598-602 |
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| subjects | Adjuvants, Immunologic Administration, Oral Aging animal models Animals Antibodies, Viral Biological and medical sciences chemical compounds correlated compounds disease resistance encephalitis experimental infection Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology hexoses hosts Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin M - blood immunoglobulins Lentinula edodes Male Mice mortality oral administration plant extracts Polysaccharides - administration & dosage Polysaccharides - pharmacology Shiitake Mushrooms - chemistry T-Lymphocyte Subsets - drug effects Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems viral diseases of animals and humans West Nile encephalitis West Nile Fever - immunology West Nile Fever - prevention & control West Nile virus |
| title | Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice |
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