Transglutaminase 2 induces nitric oxide synthesis in BV-2 microglia
A hallmark of brain inflammation is the activation of microglia. Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), as a consequence of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in glia, contributes to neurodegeneration. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a cross-linking enzyme, which is increased in ne...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2004-10, Vol.323 (3), p.1055-1062 |
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| container_title | Biochemical and biophysical research communications |
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| creator | Park, Key Chung Chung, Kyung Cheon Kim, Yoon-Seong Lee, Jongmin Joh, Tong H. Kim, Soo-Youl |
| description | A hallmark of brain inflammation is the activation of microglia. Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), as a consequence of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in glia, contributes to neurodegeneration. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a cross-linking enzyme, which is increased in neurodegeneration. TGase 2 is also considered to be a useful and reliable marker for activation levels in resident and inflammatory macrophages. Therefore, an increase of TGase 2 expression may contribute to activation of microglia. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of TGase 2 in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total TGase activity was increased about 5-fold after 24h exposure to LPS. The increase of NO synthesis is correlated with increase of TGase 2 expression. Secretion of NO was reduced between 40 and 80% by TGase inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that TGase 2 appears to control iNOS transcription. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.204 |
| format | Article |
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Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), as a consequence of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in glia, contributes to neurodegeneration. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a cross-linking enzyme, which is increased in neurodegeneration. TGase 2 is also considered to be a useful and reliable marker for activation levels in resident and inflammatory macrophages. Therefore, an increase of TGase 2 expression may contribute to activation of microglia. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of TGase 2 in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total TGase activity was increased about 5-fold after 24h exposure to LPS. The increase of NO synthesis is correlated with increase of TGase 2 expression. Secretion of NO was reduced between 40 and 80% by TGase inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. 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Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), as a consequence of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in glia, contributes to neurodegeneration. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a cross-linking enzyme, which is increased in neurodegeneration. TGase 2 is also considered to be a useful and reliable marker for activation levels in resident and inflammatory macrophages. Therefore, an increase of TGase 2 expression may contribute to activation of microglia. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of TGase 2 in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total TGase activity was increased about 5-fold after 24h exposure to LPS. The increase of NO synthesis is correlated with increase of TGase 2 expression. Secretion of NO was reduced between 40 and 80% by TGase inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that TGase 2 appears to control iNOS transcription.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation</subject><subject>GTP-Binding Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharide</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microglia</subject><subject>Microglia - drug effects</subject><subject>Microglia - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Transglutaminase</subject><subject>Transglutaminases - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Transglutaminases - metabolism</subject><issn>0006-291X</issn><issn>1090-2104</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMtKBDEQRYMoOj5-wIX0yl2PVUlPpwNudPAFghsVdyFJ12iGfmjSLfr3ZpgBd7q6UHXqQh3GjhGmCFieLafWBjflAMUUqpTFFpsgKMg5QrHNJgBQ5lzhyx7bj3EJgFiUapft4UxUiFBO2PwxmC6-NuNgWt-ZSBnPfFePjmLW-SF4l_VfvqYsfnfDG0Uf0zq7fM551noX-tfGm0O2szBNpKNNHrCn66vH-W1-_3BzN7-4z52oxJBbI2pJojLScOuUBGFqnv5QCktJxnApbYUSaJFGlgpbVGBmUigSCFJYccBO173vof8YKQ669dFR05iO-jHqsqzUTCn1L4hSAMIME8jXYPokxkAL_R58a8K3RtArx3qpV471yrGGKmWRjk427aNtqf492UhNwPkaoCTj01PQ0XnqHNU-kBt03fu_-n8A0ZOL1g</recordid><startdate>20041022</startdate><enddate>20041022</enddate><creator>Park, Key Chung</creator><creator>Chung, Kyung Cheon</creator><creator>Kim, Yoon-Seong</creator><creator>Lee, Jongmin</creator><creator>Joh, Tong H.</creator><creator>Kim, Soo-Youl</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20041022</creationdate><title>Transglutaminase 2 induces nitric oxide synthesis in BV-2 microglia</title><author>Park, Key Chung ; Chung, Kyung Cheon ; Kim, Yoon-Seong ; Lee, Jongmin ; Joh, Tong H. ; Kim, Soo-Youl</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-ba3d7e38a7a2bc9703ad201699167eaa277b8170ef699be4b480a5739e31073b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Enzyme Activation</topic><topic>GTP-Binding Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharide</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microglia</topic><topic>Microglia - drug effects</topic><topic>Microglia - metabolism</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Transglutaminase</topic><topic>Transglutaminases - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Transglutaminases - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Park, Key Chung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Kyung Cheon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yoon-Seong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jongmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joh, Tong H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Soo-Youl</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Biochemical and biophysical research communications</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Park, Key Chung</au><au>Chung, Kyung Cheon</au><au>Kim, Yoon-Seong</au><au>Lee, Jongmin</au><au>Joh, Tong H.</au><au>Kim, Soo-Youl</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Transglutaminase 2 induces nitric oxide synthesis in BV-2 microglia</atitle><jtitle>Biochemical and biophysical research communications</jtitle><addtitle>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</addtitle><date>2004-10-22</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>323</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1055</spage><epage>1062</epage><pages>1055-1062</pages><issn>0006-291X</issn><eissn>1090-2104</eissn><abstract>A hallmark of brain inflammation is the activation of microglia. 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This suggests that TGase 2 appears to control iNOS transcription.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>15381106</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.204</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Cell Line Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Enzyme Activation GTP-Binding Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors GTP-Binding Proteins - metabolism Indoleacetic Acids - pharmacology Inflammation Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology Mice Microglia Microglia - drug effects Microglia - metabolism Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis Transglutaminase Transglutaminases - antagonists & inhibitors Transglutaminases - metabolism |
| title | Transglutaminase 2 induces nitric oxide synthesis in BV-2 microglia |
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