On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe
Worldwide agriculture is one of the main drivers of biodiversity decline. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between biodiversity and land-use intensity, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Biological sciences, 2009-03, Vol.276 (1658), p.903-909 |
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| creator | Kleijn, D Kohler, F Báldi, A Batáry, P Concepción, E.D Clough, Y Díaz, M Gabriel, D Holzschuh, A Knop, E Kovács, A Marshall, E.J.P Tscharntke, T Verhulst, J |
| description | Worldwide agriculture is one of the main drivers of biodiversity decline. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between biodiversity and land-use intensity, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input as an indicator of land-use intensity on 130 grasslands and 141 arable fields in six European countries. Using Poisson regression, we found that plant species richness was significantly negatively related to N input on both field types after the effects of confounding environmental factors had been accounted for. Subsequent analyses showed that exponentially declining relationships provided a better fit than linear or unimodal relationships and that this was largely the result of the response of rare species (relative cover less than 1%). Our results indicate that conservation benefits are disproportionally more costly on high-intensity than on low-intensity farmland. For example, reducing N inputs from 75 to 0 and 400 to 60 kg ha−1 yr−1 resulted in about the same estimated species gain for arable plants. Conservation initiatives are most (cost-)effective if they are preferentially implemented in extensively farmed areas that still support high levels of biodiversity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1098/rspb.2008.1509 |
| format | Article |
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Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between biodiversity and land-use intensity, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input as an indicator of land-use intensity on 130 grasslands and 141 arable fields in six European countries. Using Poisson regression, we found that plant species richness was significantly negatively related to N input on both field types after the effects of confounding environmental factors had been accounted for. Subsequent analyses showed that exponentially declining relationships provided a better fit than linear or unimodal relationships and that this was largely the result of the response of rare species (relative cover less than 1%). Our results indicate that conservation benefits are disproportionally more costly on high-intensity than on low-intensity farmland. 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B, Biological sciences</title><addtitle>PROC R SOC B</addtitle><description>Worldwide agriculture is one of the main drivers of biodiversity decline. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between biodiversity and land-use intensity, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input as an indicator of land-use intensity on 130 grasslands and 141 arable fields in six European countries. Using Poisson regression, we found that plant species richness was significantly negatively related to N input on both field types after the effects of confounding environmental factors had been accounted for. Subsequent analyses showed that exponentially declining relationships provided a better fit than linear or unimodal relationships and that this was largely the result of the response of rare species (relative cover less than 1%). Our results indicate that conservation benefits are disproportionally more costly on high-intensity than on low-intensity farmland. For example, reducing N inputs from 75 to 0 and 400 to 60 kg ha−1 yr−1 resulted in about the same estimated species gain for arable plants. Conservation initiatives are most (cost-)effective if they are preferentially implemented in extensively farmed areas that still support high levels of biodiversity.</description><subject>agri-environment schemes</subject><subject>agricultural intensification</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>areas</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>bird populations</subject><subject>conservation</subject><subject>Conservation Ecology</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>diversity</subject><subject>Europe</subject><subject>Farmland Wildlife</subject><subject>Fertilizer</subject><subject>landscape</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Plant Species Richness</subject><subject>Policy Implications</subject><subject>scale</subject><subject>set</subject><subject>species richness</subject><issn>0962-8452</issn><issn>1471-2954</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUktv1DAQjhCIlsKVI8qJWxbbiV8cQG0pBalSUQsV4jLyJpOu26wT7KTL8utxmlVhhSiXjDz-HjP5nCTPKZlRotUrH7r5jBGiZpQT_SDZpYWkGdO8eJjsEi1YpgrOdpInIVwRQjRX_HGyQzWhWiq-m5ydurRfYOqxMb1tXVjYLp1jv0J0aW38sjGuSue2rewN-mD7dTo2xm42BEyt69Hdtq1Ljwbfdvg0eVSbJuCzTd1Lvrw_-nz4ITs5Pf54uH-SlUqJPuNKyLoyjJSMisIYwyrGWUlR1qixKuu6iLXQPK-lzmVukNSqrGUpJJaVlvle8nrSXZlLdNbFDzjjSxugNRYaO_fGr2E1eHDNWLphHiBXPFdFJL-ZyLG5jG7oem8a6LxdjqRRYPvG2QVctjfAhChyKaLAy42Ab78PGHpY2lBiE_8MtkMAIRSXkpD_AhlhUis57jObgKVvQ_BY301DCYxhwxg2jGHDGHYkvPhzh9_wTboRcD0BfLuOSbSlxX4NV-3gXTzC2fmngxsmhaWCKyAqpyTKEgI_bbfxkgJsCAPCLWTb_-9x8vvc_rlENrFs6PHH3Q7GX4OQueRwoQo4PP92wb6-O4DjiKcTfmEvFyvrEbbs4qHzYZr8dmZN8sh5ey9nnKhsx5fcbxGhHpr4Jqo6_wVdHhbf</recordid><startdate>20090307</startdate><enddate>20090307</enddate><creator>Kleijn, D</creator><creator>Kohler, F</creator><creator>Báldi, A</creator><creator>Batáry, P</creator><creator>Concepción, E.D</creator><creator>Clough, Y</creator><creator>Díaz, M</creator><creator>Gabriel, D</creator><creator>Holzschuh, A</creator><creator>Knop, E</creator><creator>Kovács, A</creator><creator>Marshall, E.J.P</creator><creator>Tscharntke, T</creator><creator>Verhulst, J</creator><general>The Royal Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>QVL</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090307</creationdate><title>On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe</title><author>Kleijn, D ; Kohler, F ; Báldi, A ; Batáry, P ; Concepción, E.D ; Clough, Y ; Díaz, M ; Gabriel, D ; Holzschuh, A ; Knop, E ; Kovács, A ; Marshall, E.J.P ; Tscharntke, T ; Verhulst, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c886t-5867fda20c2164aaa2d252c1e7fe9edcff4e9e4953f79373ae0f8cf7c67ecd973</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>agri-environment schemes</topic><topic>agricultural intensification</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>areas</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>bird populations</topic><topic>conservation</topic><topic>Conservation Ecology</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>diversity</topic><topic>Europe</topic><topic>Farmland Wildlife</topic><topic>Fertilizer</topic><topic>landscape</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Plant Species Richness</topic><topic>Policy Implications</topic><topic>scale</topic><topic>set</topic><topic>species richness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kleijn, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kohler, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Báldi, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Batáry, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Concepción, E.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clough, Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Díaz, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gabriel, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holzschuh, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knop, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kovács, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, E.J.P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tscharntke, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhulst, J</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>NARCIS:Publications</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the Royal Society. 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Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between biodiversity and land-use intensity, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked plant species richness with nitrogen (N) input as an indicator of land-use intensity on 130 grasslands and 141 arable fields in six European countries. Using Poisson regression, we found that plant species richness was significantly negatively related to N input on both field types after the effects of confounding environmental factors had been accounted for. Subsequent analyses showed that exponentially declining relationships provided a better fit than linear or unimodal relationships and that this was largely the result of the response of rare species (relative cover less than 1%). Our results indicate that conservation benefits are disproportionally more costly on high-intensity than on low-intensity farmland. 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| ispartof | Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences, 2009-03, Vol.276 (1658), p.903-909 |
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| subjects | agri-environment schemes agricultural intensification Agriculture Animals areas Biodiversity bird populations conservation Conservation Ecology Conservation of Natural Resources diversity Europe Farmland Wildlife Fertilizer landscape Nitrogen Plant Species Richness Policy Implications scale set species richness |
| title | On the relationship between farmland biodiversity and land-use intensity in Europe |
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