Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys

Abstract Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from turkeys in the United States since 2003. These TR H3N2 virus infections have been associated with drastic declines in egg production in breeder turkeys although co-infection with multiple agents could have been responsib...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Vaccine 2009-02, Vol.27 (6), p.819-824
Hauptverfasser: Pillai, S.P.S, Pantin-Jackwood, M, Jadhao, S.J, Suarez, D.L, Wang, L, Yassine, H.M, Saif, Y.M, Lee, C.-W
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 824
container_issue 6
container_start_page 819
container_title Vaccine
container_volume 27
creator Pillai, S.P.S
Pantin-Jackwood, M
Jadhao, S.J
Suarez, D.L
Wang, L
Yassine, H.M
Saif, Y.M
Lee, C.-W
description Abstract Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from turkeys in the United States since 2003. These TR H3N2 virus infections have been associated with drastic declines in egg production in breeder turkeys although co-infection with multiple agents could have been responsible for exacerbating the clinical signs. In this study, we experimentally confirmed that TR H3N2 influenza virus alone can cause drastic reduction/complete cessation of egg production and pathology of the reproductive tract in 26-week-old breeder turkeys. We confirmed high levels of virus replication and abundant distribution of avian specific α2,3 sialic acid-galactose receptors in the oviduct of these turkeys. Although 2–6-week-old turkeys are routinely used for pathogenicity and vaccine protection studies, the low levels of viral shedding and asymptomatic infections in this age group often pose difficulty in interpretation of results. Our study shows that breeder turkeys should be used to assess the potential pathogenicity of TR H3N2 viruses and the viral titers and pathology of the oviduct as well as egg production data can be good measures of protection following in vivo challenge in vaccine efficacy studies.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.076
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_66855123</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0264410X08015910</els_id><sourcerecordid>3476750541</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-6f51e0a95bf47b7a2b2192c810460980fa0e68e7d3a614780ad4f63e62a398033</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFklGL1DAUhYso7rr6E5SA6NuM96Ztmr4osqgrLCqo4FtI01vNmEnGJB0Y_4H_2gxTXNgXnwLJdw7n5tyqeoywRkDxYrPea2OspzUHkGvENXTiTnWOsqtXvEV5tzoHLppVg_DtrHqQ0gYA2hr7-9UZ9tAhyvq8-vNJ5x9hsMGF7wcWJpaj3TlikXRKIWbtM7uqP3Bm_eRm8r8129s4J0rlhg2RaKTI8hx_0iEx7Udmc2K7kMlnqx2z252zRmcbPJtCZEtolvI82pPJIn5Y3Zu0S_RoOS-qr2_ffLm8Wl1_fPf-8vX1yjSdyCsxtUig-3aYmm7oNB849txIhEZAL2HSQEJSN9ZaYNNJ0GMziZoE13V5ruuL6vnJdxfDr5lSVlubDDmnPYU5KSFk2yI_gk9vgZswR1-yKRQoJW9bzgvVnigTQ0qRJrWLdqvjQSGoY1Nqo5ah1bEphahKU0X3ZHGfhy2NN6qlmgI8WwCdjHZT1N7Y9I_jJWIjJRbu1Ymj8ml7S1ElY8kbGm0kk9UY7H-jvLzlYJz1pTVXeqF0M7VKXIH6fFyr41aBBGx7hPov0xfKjQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1618825522</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Pillai, S.P.S ; Pantin-Jackwood, M ; Jadhao, S.J ; Suarez, D.L ; Wang, L ; Yassine, H.M ; Saif, Y.M ; Lee, C.-W</creator><creatorcontrib>Pillai, S.P.S ; Pantin-Jackwood, M ; Jadhao, S.J ; Suarez, D.L ; Wang, L ; Yassine, H.M ; Saif, Y.M ; Lee, C.-W</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from turkeys in the United States since 2003. These TR H3N2 virus infections have been associated with drastic declines in egg production in breeder turkeys although co-infection with multiple agents could have been responsible for exacerbating the clinical signs. In this study, we experimentally confirmed that TR H3N2 influenza virus alone can cause drastic reduction/complete cessation of egg production and pathology of the reproductive tract in 26-week-old breeder turkeys. We confirmed high levels of virus replication and abundant distribution of avian specific α2,3 sialic acid-galactose receptors in the oviduct of these turkeys. Although 2–6-week-old turkeys are routinely used for pathogenicity and vaccine protection studies, the low levels of viral shedding and asymptomatic infections in this age group often pose difficulty in interpretation of results. Our study shows that breeder turkeys should be used to assess the potential pathogenicity of TR H3N2 viruses and the viral titers and pathology of the oviduct as well as egg production data can be good measures of protection following in vivo challenge in vaccine efficacy studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.076</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19071183</identifier><identifier>CODEN: VACCDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Allergy and Immunology ; Animals ; Applied microbiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birds ; Breeder turkeys ; Egg production ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genitalia, Female - chemistry ; Genitalia, Female - pathology ; Genitalia, Female - virology ; H3N2 ; Hogs ; Immunization ; Infections ; Influenza ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds - immunology ; Influenza in Birds - pathology ; Influenza in Birds - virology ; Influenza Vaccines - immunology ; Mammals ; Medical research ; Microbiology ; Pathogens ; Pathology ; Reassortant Viruses - immunology ; Reassortant Viruses - pathogenicity ; Receptors, Virus - analysis ; Studies ; Triple reassortants ; Turkeys ; United States ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects) ; Viral infections ; Viruses ; Wildfowl</subject><ispartof>Vaccine, 2009-02, Vol.27 (6), p.819-824</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2008 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Feb 5, 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-6f51e0a95bf47b7a2b2192c810460980fa0e68e7d3a614780ad4f63e62a398033</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-6f51e0a95bf47b7a2b2192c810460980fa0e68e7d3a614780ad4f63e62a398033</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X08015910$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=21234881$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19071183$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pillai, S.P.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pantin-Jackwood, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jadhao, S.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suarez, D.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yassine, H.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saif, Y.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, C.-W</creatorcontrib><title>Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys</title><title>Vaccine</title><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><description>Abstract Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from turkeys in the United States since 2003. These TR H3N2 virus infections have been associated with drastic declines in egg production in breeder turkeys although co-infection with multiple agents could have been responsible for exacerbating the clinical signs. In this study, we experimentally confirmed that TR H3N2 influenza virus alone can cause drastic reduction/complete cessation of egg production and pathology of the reproductive tract in 26-week-old breeder turkeys. We confirmed high levels of virus replication and abundant distribution of avian specific α2,3 sialic acid-galactose receptors in the oviduct of these turkeys. Although 2–6-week-old turkeys are routinely used for pathogenicity and vaccine protection studies, the low levels of viral shedding and asymptomatic infections in this age group often pose difficulty in interpretation of results. Our study shows that breeder turkeys should be used to assess the potential pathogenicity of TR H3N2 viruses and the viral titers and pathology of the oviduct as well as egg production data can be good measures of protection following in vivo challenge in vaccine efficacy studies.</description><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied microbiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Breeder turkeys</subject><subject>Egg production</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genitalia, Female - chemistry</subject><subject>Genitalia, Female - pathology</subject><subject>Genitalia, Female - virology</subject><subject>H3N2</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - immunology</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - pathology</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - virology</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines - immunology</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Reassortant Viruses - immunology</subject><subject>Reassortant Viruses - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Receptors, Virus - analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Triple reassortants</subject><subject>Turkeys</subject><subject>United States</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Wildfowl</subject><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFklGL1DAUhYso7rr6E5SA6NuM96Ztmr4osqgrLCqo4FtI01vNmEnGJB0Y_4H_2gxTXNgXnwLJdw7n5tyqeoywRkDxYrPea2OspzUHkGvENXTiTnWOsqtXvEV5tzoHLppVg_DtrHqQ0gYA2hr7-9UZ9tAhyvq8-vNJ5x9hsMGF7wcWJpaj3TlikXRKIWbtM7uqP3Bm_eRm8r8129s4J0rlhg2RaKTI8hx_0iEx7Udmc2K7kMlnqx2z252zRmcbPJtCZEtolvI82pPJIn5Y3Zu0S_RoOS-qr2_ffLm8Wl1_fPf-8vX1yjSdyCsxtUig-3aYmm7oNB849txIhEZAL2HSQEJSN9ZaYNNJ0GMziZoE13V5ruuL6vnJdxfDr5lSVlubDDmnPYU5KSFk2yI_gk9vgZswR1-yKRQoJW9bzgvVnigTQ0qRJrWLdqvjQSGoY1Nqo5ah1bEphahKU0X3ZHGfhy2NN6qlmgI8WwCdjHZT1N7Y9I_jJWIjJRbu1Ymj8ml7S1ElY8kbGm0kk9UY7H-jvLzlYJz1pTVXeqF0M7VKXIH6fFyr41aBBGx7hPov0xfKjQ</recordid><startdate>20090205</startdate><enddate>20090205</enddate><creator>Pillai, S.P.S</creator><creator>Pantin-Jackwood, M</creator><creator>Jadhao, S.J</creator><creator>Suarez, D.L</creator><creator>Wang, L</creator><creator>Yassine, H.M</creator><creator>Saif, Y.M</creator><creator>Lee, C.-W</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090205</creationdate><title>Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys</title><author>Pillai, S.P.S ; Pantin-Jackwood, M ; Jadhao, S.J ; Suarez, D.L ; Wang, L ; Yassine, H.M ; Saif, Y.M ; Lee, C.-W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-6f51e0a95bf47b7a2b2192c810460980fa0e68e7d3a614780ad4f63e62a398033</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied microbiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Breeder turkeys</topic><topic>Egg production</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genitalia, Female - chemistry</topic><topic>Genitalia, Female - pathology</topic><topic>Genitalia, Female - virology</topic><topic>H3N2</topic><topic>Hogs</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - immunology</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - pathology</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - virology</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines - immunology</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Reassortant Viruses - immunology</topic><topic>Reassortant Viruses - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Receptors, Virus - analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Triple reassortants</topic><topic>Turkeys</topic><topic>United States</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Wildfowl</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pillai, S.P.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pantin-Jackwood, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jadhao, S.J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suarez, D.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yassine, H.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saif, Y.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, C.-W</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pillai, S.P.S</au><au>Pantin-Jackwood, M</au><au>Jadhao, S.J</au><au>Suarez, D.L</au><au>Wang, L</au><au>Yassine, H.M</au><au>Saif, Y.M</au><au>Lee, C.-W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys</atitle><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><date>2009-02-05</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>819</spage><epage>824</epage><pages>819-824</pages><issn>0264-410X</issn><eissn>1873-2518</eissn><coden>VACCDE</coden><abstract>Abstract Triple reassortant (TR) H3N2 influenza viruses have been isolated from turkeys in the United States since 2003. These TR H3N2 virus infections have been associated with drastic declines in egg production in breeder turkeys although co-infection with multiple agents could have been responsible for exacerbating the clinical signs. In this study, we experimentally confirmed that TR H3N2 influenza virus alone can cause drastic reduction/complete cessation of egg production and pathology of the reproductive tract in 26-week-old breeder turkeys. We confirmed high levels of virus replication and abundant distribution of avian specific α2,3 sialic acid-galactose receptors in the oviduct of these turkeys. Although 2–6-week-old turkeys are routinely used for pathogenicity and vaccine protection studies, the low levels of viral shedding and asymptomatic infections in this age group often pose difficulty in interpretation of results. Our study shows that breeder turkeys should be used to assess the potential pathogenicity of TR H3N2 viruses and the viral titers and pathology of the oviduct as well as egg production data can be good measures of protection following in vivo challenge in vaccine efficacy studies.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19071183</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.076</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0264-410X
ispartof Vaccine, 2009-02, Vol.27 (6), p.819-824
issn 0264-410X
1873-2518
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_66855123
source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Applied microbiology
Biological and medical sciences
Birds
Breeder turkeys
Egg production
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Genitalia, Female - chemistry
Genitalia, Female - pathology
Genitalia, Female - virology
H3N2
Hogs
Immunization
Infections
Influenza
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - immunology
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype - pathogenicity
Influenza in Birds - immunology
Influenza in Birds - pathology
Influenza in Birds - virology
Influenza Vaccines - immunology
Mammals
Medical research
Microbiology
Pathogens
Pathology
Reassortant Viruses - immunology
Reassortant Viruses - pathogenicity
Receptors, Virus - analysis
Studies
Triple reassortants
Turkeys
United States
Vaccines
Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)
Viral infections
Viruses
Wildfowl
title Pathobiology of triple reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses in breeder turkeys and its potential implication for vaccine studies in turkeys
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T04%3A50%3A29IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pathobiology%20of%20triple%20reassortant%20H3N2%20influenza%20viruses%20in%20breeder%20turkeys%20and%20its%20potential%20implication%20for%20vaccine%20studies%20in%20turkeys&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.au=Pillai,%20S.P.S&rft.date=2009-02-05&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=819&rft.epage=824&rft.pages=819-824&rft.issn=0264-410X&rft.eissn=1873-2518&rft.coden=VACCDE&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.076&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3476750541%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1618825522&rft_id=info:pmid/19071183&rft_els_id=S0264410X08015910&rfr_iscdi=true