Sex Differences and the Impact of Steroid Hormones on the Developing Human Brain
Little is known about the hormonal effects of puberty on the anatomy of the developing human brain. In a voxel-based morphometry study, sex-related differences in gray matter (GM) volume were examined in 46 subjects aged 8–15 years. Males had larger GM volumes in the left amygdala, whereas females h...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) N.Y. 1991), 2009-02, Vol.19 (2), p.464-473 |
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container_title | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) |
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creator | Neufang, Susanne Specht, Karsten Hausmann, Markus Güntürkün, Onur Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate Fink, Gereon R. Konrad, Kerstin |
description | Little is known about the hormonal effects of puberty on the anatomy of the developing human brain. In a voxel-based morphometry study, sex-related differences in gray matter (GM) volume were examined in 46 subjects aged 8–15 years. Males had larger GM volumes in the left amygdala, whereas females had larger right striatal and bilateral hippocampal GM volumes than males. Sexually dimorphic areas were related to Tanner stages (TS) of pubertal development and to circulating level of steroid hormones in a subsample of 30 subjects. Regardless of sex, amygdala and hippocampal volumes varied as a function of TS and were associated with circulating testosterone (TEST) levels. By contrast, striatal GM volumes were unrelated to pubertal development and circulating steroid hormones. Whole-brain regression analyses revealed positive associations between circulating estrogen levels and parahippocampal GM volumes as well as between TEST levels and diencephalic brain structures. In addition, a negative association was found between circulating TEST and left parietal GM volumes. These data suggest that GM development in certain brain regions is associated with sexual maturation and that pubertal hormones might have organizational effects on the developing human brain. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/cercor/bhn100 |
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In a voxel-based morphometry study, sex-related differences in gray matter (GM) volume were examined in 46 subjects aged 8–15 years. Males had larger GM volumes in the left amygdala, whereas females had larger right striatal and bilateral hippocampal GM volumes than males. Sexually dimorphic areas were related to Tanner stages (TS) of pubertal development and to circulating level of steroid hormones in a subsample of 30 subjects. Regardless of sex, amygdala and hippocampal volumes varied as a function of TS and were associated with circulating testosterone (TEST) levels. By contrast, striatal GM volumes were unrelated to pubertal development and circulating steroid hormones. Whole-brain regression analyses revealed positive associations between circulating estrogen levels and parahippocampal GM volumes as well as between TEST levels and diencephalic brain structures. In addition, a negative association was found between circulating TEST and left parietal GM volumes. These data suggest that GM development in certain brain regions is associated with sexual maturation and that pubertal hormones might have organizational effects on the developing human brain.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1047-3211</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2199</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn100</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18550597</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Amygdala - growth & development ; Amygdala - physiology ; Brain - growth & development ; Brain Chemistry - physiology ; brain morphometry ; Child ; Estrogens - blood ; Female ; Hippocampus - growth & development ; Hippocampus - physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Puberty ; Sex Characteristics ; sex differences ; sexual maturation ; steroid hormones ; Steroids - blood ; Steroids - physiology ; Testosterone - blood</subject><ispartof>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), 2009-02, Vol.19 (2), p.464-473</ispartof><rights>The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org 2009</rights><rights>The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-9601e6d12418f5b28e7b8d681806646622df3a9e0d2c8d2668d04379b012784d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-9601e6d12418f5b28e7b8d681806646622df3a9e0d2c8d2668d04379b012784d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18550597$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Neufang, Susanne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Specht, Karsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hausmann, Markus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Güntürkün, Onur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fink, Gereon R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Konrad, Kerstin</creatorcontrib><title>Sex Differences and the Impact of Steroid Hormones on the Developing Human Brain</title><title>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</title><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><description>Little is known about the hormonal effects of puberty on the anatomy of the developing human brain. In a voxel-based morphometry study, sex-related differences in gray matter (GM) volume were examined in 46 subjects aged 8–15 years. Males had larger GM volumes in the left amygdala, whereas females had larger right striatal and bilateral hippocampal GM volumes than males. Sexually dimorphic areas were related to Tanner stages (TS) of pubertal development and to circulating level of steroid hormones in a subsample of 30 subjects. Regardless of sex, amygdala and hippocampal volumes varied as a function of TS and were associated with circulating testosterone (TEST) levels. By contrast, striatal GM volumes were unrelated to pubertal development and circulating steroid hormones. Whole-brain regression analyses revealed positive associations between circulating estrogen levels and parahippocampal GM volumes as well as between TEST levels and diencephalic brain structures. In addition, a negative association was found between circulating TEST and left parietal GM volumes. These data suggest that GM development in certain brain regions is associated with sexual maturation and that pubertal hormones might have organizational effects on the developing human brain.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Amygdala - growth & development</subject><subject>Amygdala - physiology</subject><subject>Brain - growth & development</subject><subject>Brain Chemistry - physiology</subject><subject>brain morphometry</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Estrogens - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hippocampus - growth & development</subject><subject>Hippocampus - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>sex differences</subject><subject>sexual maturation</subject><subject>steroid hormones</subject><subject>Steroids - blood</subject><subject>Steroids - physiology</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><issn>1047-3211</issn><issn>1460-2199</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1v1DAQBmALUdFSOHJFFgfEJe3Yjj9yZFvKVqwEqCBVXKwkntCUjZ3aSVX-PW6zAolLT_bh8TvyvIS8YnDEoBLHLcY2xOPmyjOAJ-SAlQoKzqrqab5DqQvBGdsnz1O6BmCaS_6M7DMjJchKH5AvF3hHT_uuw4i-xURr7-h0hfR8GOt2oqGjFxPG0Du6DnEIPpPgH8Qp3uI2jL3_SdfzUHu6inXvX5C9rt4mfLk7D8n3sw_fTtbF5vPH85P3m6KVXE5FpYChcoyXzHSy4QZ1Y5wyzIBSpVKcu07UFYLjrXFcKeOgFLpqgHFtSicOydsld4zhZsY02aFPLW63tccwJ5tfMJBSPQo5iLJURmf45j94Hebo8ycsq4xWeXUio2JBbQwpRezsGPuhjr8tA3tfiF0KsUsh2b_ehc7NgO6f3jWQwbsFhHl8NGs3u08T3v3FdfxllRZa2vXlD_tpJVaXm69gufgD_GqiVw</recordid><startdate>20090201</startdate><enddate>20090201</enddate><creator>Neufang, Susanne</creator><creator>Specht, Karsten</creator><creator>Hausmann, Markus</creator><creator>Güntürkün, Onur</creator><creator>Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate</creator><creator>Fink, Gereon R.</creator><creator>Konrad, Kerstin</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090201</creationdate><title>Sex Differences and the Impact of Steroid Hormones on the Developing Human Brain</title><author>Neufang, Susanne ; 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In a voxel-based morphometry study, sex-related differences in gray matter (GM) volume were examined in 46 subjects aged 8–15 years. Males had larger GM volumes in the left amygdala, whereas females had larger right striatal and bilateral hippocampal GM volumes than males. Sexually dimorphic areas were related to Tanner stages (TS) of pubertal development and to circulating level of steroid hormones in a subsample of 30 subjects. Regardless of sex, amygdala and hippocampal volumes varied as a function of TS and were associated with circulating testosterone (TEST) levels. By contrast, striatal GM volumes were unrelated to pubertal development and circulating steroid hormones. Whole-brain regression analyses revealed positive associations between circulating estrogen levels and parahippocampal GM volumes as well as between TEST levels and diencephalic brain structures. In addition, a negative association was found between circulating TEST and left parietal GM volumes. 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subjects | Adolescent Amygdala - growth & development Amygdala - physiology Brain - growth & development Brain Chemistry - physiology brain morphometry Child Estrogens - blood Female Hippocampus - growth & development Hippocampus - physiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Puberty Sex Characteristics sex differences sexual maturation steroid hormones Steroids - blood Steroids - physiology Testosterone - blood |
title | Sex Differences and the Impact of Steroid Hormones on the Developing Human Brain |
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