CD44 expression is a feature of prostatic small cell Carcinoma and Distinguishes it from its Mimickers
Summary Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare variant of prostatic cancer that shares morphologic similarity with prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern. It has also been considered morphologically and immunohistochemically indistinguishable from small cell neuroendocr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human pathology 2009-02, Vol.40 (2), p.252-258 |
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| creator | Simon, Rochelle A., MD di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD Huang, Li-Shan, PhD Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD Yao, Jorge L., MD Yang, Qi, BS Liang, Sharon, MD Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD Yu, Rena, MD Cheng, Liang, MD Oh, William K., MD Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD Wei, Jianjun, MD Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD |
| description | Summary Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare variant of prostatic cancer that shares morphologic similarity with prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern. It has also been considered morphologically and immunohistochemically indistinguishable from small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other origins. CD44 is a cell-surface molecule proposed to identify cancer stem/progenitor cells in prostate cancer. We performed immunohistochemical study for CD44 expression in 11 cases of prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and compared its patterns of expression with 73 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 47 cases of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. Strong and diffuse membrane staining for CD44 was observed in 100% of the prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. In conventional adenocarcinomas of the prostate, positive staining was only seen in rare, scattered tumor cells; and CD44 staining was negative in most of the small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of nonprostate origin. The difference in CD44 expression between small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate and those of other organs are statistically significant ( P < .001). Our study demonstrates the utility of immunohistochemical staining for CD44 in distinguishing prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from its mimickers including prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. CD44 is the first marker that shows a high degree of tissue/organ specificity for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Because CD44 is a putative marker of prostate cancer stem cells, the strong and diffuse expression of CD44 and the lack of expression of prostate luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor and prostatic specific antigen in prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas suggest that the tumor cells may retain cancer stem cell features. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.07.014 |
| format | Article |
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Anthony, MD ; Huang, Li-Shan, PhD ; Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD ; Yao, Jorge L., MD ; Yang, Qi, BS ; Liang, Sharon, MD ; Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD ; Yu, Rena, MD ; Cheng, Liang, MD ; Oh, William K., MD ; Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD ; Wei, Jianjun, MD ; Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</creator><creatorcontrib>Simon, Rochelle A., MD ; di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD ; Huang, Li-Shan, PhD ; Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD ; Yao, Jorge L., MD ; Yang, Qi, BS ; Liang, Sharon, MD ; Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD ; Yu, Rena, MD ; Cheng, Liang, MD ; Oh, William K., MD ; Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD ; Wei, Jianjun, MD ; Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><description>Summary Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare variant of prostatic cancer that shares morphologic similarity with prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern. It has also been considered morphologically and immunohistochemically indistinguishable from small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other origins. CD44 is a cell-surface molecule proposed to identify cancer stem/progenitor cells in prostate cancer. We performed immunohistochemical study for CD44 expression in 11 cases of prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and compared its patterns of expression with 73 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 47 cases of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. Strong and diffuse membrane staining for CD44 was observed in 100% of the prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. In conventional adenocarcinomas of the prostate, positive staining was only seen in rare, scattered tumor cells; and CD44 staining was negative in most of the small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of nonprostate origin. The difference in CD44 expression between small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate and those of other organs are statistically significant ( P < .001). Our study demonstrates the utility of immunohistochemical staining for CD44 in distinguishing prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from its mimickers including prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. CD44 is the first marker that shows a high degree of tissue/organ specificity for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Because CD44 is a putative marker of prostate cancer stem cells, the strong and diffuse expression of CD44 and the lack of expression of prostate luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor and prostatic specific antigen in prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas suggest that the tumor cells may retain cancer stem cell features.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0046-8177</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-8392</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.07.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18835619</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HPCQA4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma - pathology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis ; Bladder ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell - metabolism ; Carcinoma, Small Cell - pathology ; CD44 ; Cell adhesion & migration ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Heparan sulfate ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors - biosynthesis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases ; Pathology ; Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques ; Prostate ; Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology ; Small cell carcinoma ; Stem cells ; Studies ; Tissue Array Analysis ; Tumors ; Tumors of the urinary system ; Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><ispartof>Human pathology, 2009-02, Vol.40 (2), p.252-258</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2009 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-a24ce015a89f678b0f3acc6f2a561cb775f710757842b02ca5c8c695cd2824bf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-a24ce015a89f678b0f3acc6f2a561cb775f710757842b02ca5c8c695cd2824bf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0046817708003572$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21100118$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18835619$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Simon, Rochelle A., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Li-Shan, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yao, Jorge L., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Qi, BS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Sharon, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Rena, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Liang, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, William K., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Jianjun, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><title>CD44 expression is a feature of prostatic small cell Carcinoma and Distinguishes it from its Mimickers</title><title>Human pathology</title><addtitle>Hum Pathol</addtitle><description>Summary Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare variant of prostatic cancer that shares morphologic similarity with prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern. It has also been considered morphologically and immunohistochemically indistinguishable from small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other origins. CD44 is a cell-surface molecule proposed to identify cancer stem/progenitor cells in prostate cancer. We performed immunohistochemical study for CD44 expression in 11 cases of prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and compared its patterns of expression with 73 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 47 cases of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. Strong and diffuse membrane staining for CD44 was observed in 100% of the prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. In conventional adenocarcinomas of the prostate, positive staining was only seen in rare, scattered tumor cells; and CD44 staining was negative in most of the small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of nonprostate origin. The difference in CD44 expression between small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate and those of other organs are statistically significant ( P < .001). Our study demonstrates the utility of immunohistochemical staining for CD44 in distinguishing prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from its mimickers including prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. CD44 is the first marker that shows a high degree of tissue/organ specificity for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Because CD44 is a putative marker of prostate cancer stem cells, the strong and diffuse expression of CD44 and the lack of expression of prostate luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor and prostatic specific antigen in prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas suggest that the tumor cells may retain cancer stem cell features.</description><subject>Adenocarcinoma</subject><subject>Adenocarcinoma - pathology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis</subject><subject>Bladder</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - pathology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Small Cell - metabolism</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Small Cell - pathology</subject><subject>CD44</subject><subject>Cell adhesion & migration</subject><subject>Diagnosis, Differential</subject><subject>Heparan sulfate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyaluronan Receptors - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</subject><subject>Prostate</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Small cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tissue Array Analysis</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Tumors of the urinary system</subject><subject>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</subject><issn>0046-8177</issn><issn>1532-8392</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEokvhJ4AsIXpLGDv-2gsIbfmSijgAZ8txbNbbfGw9CWr_PY42olIvXDyXZ2Zev-8UxUsKFQUq3x6q_dwf7bSvGICuQFVA-aNiQ0XNSl1v2eNiA8BlqalSZ8UzxAMApYKLp8UZ1boWkm43Rdhdck787TF5xDgOJCKxJHg7zcmTMZBjGnGyU3QEe9t1xPn87GxycRh7S-zQksuIUxx-zxH3HkmcSEhjnyuSb7GP7tonfF48CbZD_2Kt58WvTx9_7r6UV98_f919uCodV3IqLePOAxVWb4NUuoFQW-dkYDardY1SIigKSijNWQPMWeG0k1vhWqYZb0J9Xlyc5mbZN7PHyfQRF8l28OOMRkoNWwkig68fgIdxTkPWZijUXOdVWmZKnCiXXcDkgzmm2Nt0lyGzxGAOZo3BLDEYUCbHkPterdPnpvftfdfqewberIBFZ7uQ7OAi_uMYpUtYOnPvT5zPpv2JPhl00Q_OtzF5N5l2jP-V8u7BBNfFIeal1_7O4_2vDTID5sdyM8vJgAaohWL1X-pkvNA</recordid><startdate>20090201</startdate><enddate>20090201</enddate><creator>Simon, Rochelle A., MD</creator><creator>di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD</creator><creator>Huang, Li-Shan, PhD</creator><creator>Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Yao, Jorge L., MD</creator><creator>Yang, Qi, BS</creator><creator>Liang, Sharon, MD</creator><creator>Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD</creator><creator>Yu, Rena, MD</creator><creator>Cheng, Liang, MD</creator><creator>Oh, William K., MD</creator><creator>Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD</creator><creator>Wei, Jianjun, MD</creator><creator>Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090201</creationdate><title>CD44 expression is a feature of prostatic small cell Carcinoma and Distinguishes it from its Mimickers</title><author>Simon, Rochelle A., MD ; di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD ; Huang, Li-Shan, PhD ; Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD ; Yao, Jorge L., MD ; Yang, Qi, BS ; Liang, Sharon, MD ; Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD ; Yu, Rena, MD ; Cheng, Liang, MD ; Oh, William K., MD ; Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD ; Wei, Jianjun, MD ; Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c476t-a24ce015a89f678b0f3acc6f2a561cb775f710757842b02ca5c8c695cd2824bf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adenocarcinoma</topic><topic>Adenocarcinoma - pathology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis</topic><topic>Bladder</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - pathology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Small Cell - metabolism</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Small Cell - pathology</topic><topic>CD44</topic><topic>Cell adhesion & migration</topic><topic>Diagnosis, Differential</topic><topic>Heparan sulfate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyaluronan Receptors - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques</topic><topic>Prostate</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Small cell carcinoma</topic><topic>Stem cells</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tissue Array Analysis</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Tumors of the urinary system</topic><topic>Urinary tract. Prostate gland</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Simon, Rochelle A., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Li-Shan, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yao, Jorge L., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Qi, BS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Sharon, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Rena, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheng, Liang, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, William K., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wei, Jianjun, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Human pathology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Simon, Rochelle A., MD</au><au>di Sant'Agnese, P. Anthony, MD</au><au>Huang, Li-Shan, PhD</au><au>Xu, Haodong, MD, PhD</au><au>Yao, Jorge L., MD</au><au>Yang, Qi, BS</au><au>Liang, Sharon, MD</au><au>Liu, Jinsong, MD, PhD</au><au>Yu, Rena, MD</au><au>Cheng, Liang, MD</au><au>Oh, William K., MD</au><au>Palapattu, Ganesh S., MD</au><au>Wei, Jianjun, MD</au><au>Huang, Jiaoti, MD, PhD</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>CD44 expression is a feature of prostatic small cell Carcinoma and Distinguishes it from its Mimickers</atitle><jtitle>Human pathology</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Pathol</addtitle><date>2009-02-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>252</spage><epage>258</epage><pages>252-258</pages><issn>0046-8177</issn><eissn>1532-8392</eissn><coden>HPCQA4</coden><abstract>Summary Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is a rare variant of prostatic cancer that shares morphologic similarity with prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern. It has also been considered morphologically and immunohistochemically indistinguishable from small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other origins. CD44 is a cell-surface molecule proposed to identify cancer stem/progenitor cells in prostate cancer. We performed immunohistochemical study for CD44 expression in 11 cases of prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and compared its patterns of expression with 73 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and 47 cases of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. Strong and diffuse membrane staining for CD44 was observed in 100% of the prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. In conventional adenocarcinomas of the prostate, positive staining was only seen in rare, scattered tumor cells; and CD44 staining was negative in most of the small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of nonprostate origin. The difference in CD44 expression between small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the prostate and those of other organs are statistically significant ( P < .001). Our study demonstrates the utility of immunohistochemical staining for CD44 in distinguishing prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from its mimickers including prostatic adenocarcinoma of Gleason 5 pattern and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of other organs. CD44 is the first marker that shows a high degree of tissue/organ specificity for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. Because CD44 is a putative marker of prostate cancer stem cells, the strong and diffuse expression of CD44 and the lack of expression of prostate luminal differentiation markers androgen receptor and prostatic specific antigen in prostatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas suggest that the tumor cells may retain cancer stem cell features.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>18835619</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.humpath.2008.07.014</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma - pathology Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis Bladder Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine - pathology Carcinoma, Small Cell - metabolism Carcinoma, Small Cell - pathology CD44 Cell adhesion & migration Diagnosis, Differential Heparan sulfate Humans Hyaluronan Receptors - biosynthesis Immunohistochemistry Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Male Medical sciences Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases Pathology Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques Prostate Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology Small cell carcinoma Stem cells Studies Tissue Array Analysis Tumors Tumors of the urinary system Urinary tract. Prostate gland |
| title | CD44 expression is a feature of prostatic small cell Carcinoma and Distinguishes it from its Mimickers |
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