Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: Analysis of the Eco-Town program 1997–2006
Japan's Eco-Town Program spearheaded in Japan the integration of Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Symbiosis, seeking to maximise the economic and environmental benefit from close geographic proximity of industrial and urban areas, through the use of previously discarded commercial, municipal and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental management 2009-03, Vol.90 (3), p.1544-1556 |
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| creator | Van Berkel, Rene Fujita, Tsuyoshi Hashimoto, Shizuka Geng, Yong |
| description | Japan's Eco-Town Program spearheaded in Japan the integration of Industrial Symbiosis and Urban Symbiosis, seeking to maximise the economic and environmental benefit from close geographic proximity of industrial and urban areas, through the use of previously discarded commercial, municipal and industrial waste materials in industrial applications. The program established 26 Eco-Towns around Japan. Approximately 1.65 billion USD was invested in 61 innovative recycling projects, with an average government subsidy of 36%. In addition at least 107 other recycling facilities have been constructed without government subsidy. 14 Eco-Towns primarily contributed to improving industry's productivity, whilst 10 Eco-Towns primarily contributed to improving environmental amenity. In 16 Eco-Towns the private sector was the most important actor supporting local government in the realisation of the Eco-Town, whilst in 9 Eco-Towns this was civil society. The availability of investment subsidies, the coming into force of ambitious recycling legislation with quantified, product-specific targets, access to the significant technological resources of the private sector, and widespread recognition of the urgency to act on environmental issues, all contributed to the success of the Eco-Town Program. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.010 |
| format | Article |
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| ispartof | Journal of environmental management, 2009-03, Vol.90 (3), p.1544-1556 |
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| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences City Planning Conservation of Natural Resources - legislation & jurisprudence Conservation of Natural Resources - methods Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Environment Environmental industries' development Environmental protection Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Government subsidies Industrial ecology Industry Industry modernisation Japan Recycling Recycling centers Urban areas Waste disposal Waste Management |
| title | Industrial and urban symbiosis in Japan: Analysis of the Eco-Town program 1997–2006 |
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