Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−)
Eggplant ( Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR −/− mice. Animals were fed on cho...
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creator | Botelho, Françoise V Enéas, Luciana R Cesar, Giovana C Bizzotto, Carolina S Tavares, Érico Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A Gloria, M.Beatriz A Silvestre, Marialice P.C Arantes, Rosa M.E Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I |
description | Eggplant (
Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR
−/− mice. Animals were fed on chow (
n=17) or atherogenic (
n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR
−/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. These results did not support the use of eggplant extract as hypocholesterolemic agent. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.007 |
format | Article |
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Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR
−/− mice. Animals were fed on chow (
n=17) or atherogenic (
n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR
−/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. These results did not support the use of eggplant extract as hypocholesterolemic agent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15207376</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>animal models ; Animals ; Antibodies - analysis ; aorta ; Aorta - pathology ; Arteriosclerosis - genetics ; Arteriosclerosis - pathology ; atherogenesis ; Atherosclerosis ; atherosclerotic lesion ; Biological and medical sciences ; blood lipids ; Body Weight - drug effects ; cholesteremic effect ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol - blood ; cholesterol metabolism ; Diet ; Diet, Atherogenic ; dietary fat ; Eggplant ; eggplants ; endocytosis ; experimental diets ; feces ; Feces - chemistry ; food intake ; General pharmacology ; histamine ; knockout mutants ; LDLR knockout mice ; lipid content ; lipid peroxidation ; Lipids - blood ; Lipoproteins - blood ; Lipoproteins - immunology ; Lipoproteins - metabolism ; liver ; Liver - metabolism ; low density lipoprotein ; low density lipoprotein oxidation ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium - pathology ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - physiology ; oxidized low density lipoprotein ; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; plant extracts ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Receptors, LDL - genetics ; Solanum melongena ; Solanum melongena - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2004-08, Vol.42 (8), p.1259-1267</ispartof><rights>2004 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-528e482eeee4a2a2bd62fe7c2fd1b661b613087635305ea6c958cc25608027503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-528e482eeee4a2a2bd62fe7c2fd1b661b613087635305ea6c958cc25608027503</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691504000742$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15904126$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15207376$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Botelho, Françoise V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enéas, Luciana R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cesar, Giovana C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bizzotto, Carolina S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavares, Érico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gloria, M.Beatriz A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silvestre, Marialice P.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arantes, Rosa M.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−)</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>Eggplant (
Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR
−/− mice. Animals were fed on chow (
n=17) or atherogenic (
n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR
−/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. These results did not support the use of eggplant extract as hypocholesterolemic agent.</description><subject>animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies - analysis</subject><subject>aorta</subject><subject>Aorta - pathology</subject><subject>Arteriosclerosis - genetics</subject><subject>Arteriosclerosis - pathology</subject><subject>atherogenesis</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis</subject><subject>atherosclerotic lesion</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>blood lipids</subject><subject>Body Weight - drug effects</subject><subject>cholesteremic effect</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol - blood</subject><subject>cholesterol metabolism</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet, Atherogenic</subject><subject>dietary fat</subject><subject>Eggplant</subject><subject>eggplants</subject><subject>endocytosis</subject><subject>experimental diets</subject><subject>feces</subject><subject>Feces - chemistry</subject><subject>food intake</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>histamine</subject><subject>knockout mutants</subject><subject>LDLR knockout mice</subject><subject>lipid content</subject><subject>lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids - blood</subject><subject>Lipoproteins - blood</subject><subject>Lipoproteins - immunology</subject><subject>Lipoproteins - metabolism</subject><subject>liver</subject><subject>Liver - metabolism</subject><subject>low density lipoprotein</subject><subject>low density lipoprotein oxidation</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Knockout</subject><subject>Myocardium - pathology</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - physiology</subject><subject>oxidized low density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>plant extracts</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Receptors, LDL - genetics</subject><subject>Solanum melongena</subject><subject>Solanum melongena - chemistry</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9u1DAQxi0EotvCA3ABX6jaQ1LbcZxEnFApf6SVkCg9W15nvHibxFvbqeDGkTOPyJMwq10JTmBpPJb9m5Hn-wh5xlnJGVcXm9LZXArGZMmqkrHmAVnwtqkKVdX8IVkw0bSF6nh9RI5T2jAkeKMekyNeC9ZUjVqQ71fOgc2JBkdhvd4OZsr0jF4HPMwjHWEI0xomc07DRPMXoAa3GPAKkk_UTD0NX31vsr8HmnKElKif6PLNkkawsM0h0tsp2Fsa5kxHb4Ge4eMn-uvHzwuM8yfkkTNDgqeHfEJu3l59vnxfLD---3D5ellYWclc1KIF2QrAJY0wYtUr4aCxwvV8pRQGr1jb4OAVq8Eo29WttaJWrEUValadkNN9320MdzOkrEefLAw4J4Q5aaWUZFj0X5A3XcuFkAjyPWhjSCmC09voRxO_ac70zh-90eiP3vmjWaVRfax5fmg-r0bo_1QcDEHg5QEwyZrBRTNZn_7iOia52HEv9pwzQZt1RObmWjAUgXWqkVIg8WpPAKp67yHqZD1MFnqPzmTdB_-Pj_4GeUe21Q</recordid><startdate>20040801</startdate><enddate>20040801</enddate><creator>Botelho, Françoise V</creator><creator>Enéas, Luciana R</creator><creator>Cesar, Giovana C</creator><creator>Bizzotto, Carolina S</creator><creator>Tavares, Érico</creator><creator>Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A</creator><creator>Gloria, M.Beatriz A</creator><creator>Silvestre, Marialice P.C</creator><creator>Arantes, Rosa M.E</creator><creator>Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040801</creationdate><title>Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−)</title><author>Botelho, Françoise V ; Enéas, Luciana R ; Cesar, Giovana C ; Bizzotto, Carolina S ; Tavares, Érico ; Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A ; Gloria, M.Beatriz A ; Silvestre, Marialice P.C ; Arantes, Rosa M.E ; Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c434t-528e482eeee4a2a2bd62fe7c2fd1b661b613087635305ea6c958cc25608027503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies - analysis</topic><topic>aorta</topic><topic>Aorta - pathology</topic><topic>Arteriosclerosis - genetics</topic><topic>Arteriosclerosis - pathology</topic><topic>atherogenesis</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis</topic><topic>atherosclerotic lesion</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>blood lipids</topic><topic>Body Weight - drug effects</topic><topic>cholesteremic effect</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol - blood</topic><topic>cholesterol metabolism</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet, Atherogenic</topic><topic>dietary fat</topic><topic>Eggplant</topic><topic>eggplants</topic><topic>endocytosis</topic><topic>experimental diets</topic><topic>feces</topic><topic>Feces - chemistry</topic><topic>food intake</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>histamine</topic><topic>knockout mutants</topic><topic>LDLR knockout mice</topic><topic>lipid content</topic><topic>lipid peroxidation</topic><topic>Lipids - blood</topic><topic>Lipoproteins - blood</topic><topic>Lipoproteins - immunology</topic><topic>Lipoproteins - metabolism</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Liver - metabolism</topic><topic>low density lipoprotein</topic><topic>low density lipoprotein oxidation</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Knockout</topic><topic>Myocardium - pathology</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - physiology</topic><topic>oxidized low density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>plant extracts</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Receptors, LDL - genetics</topic><topic>Solanum melongena</topic><topic>Solanum melongena - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Botelho, Françoise V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enéas, Luciana R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cesar, Giovana C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bizzotto, Carolina S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tavares, Érico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gloria, M.Beatriz A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silvestre, Marialice P.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arantes, Rosa M.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Botelho, Françoise V</au><au>Enéas, Luciana R</au><au>Cesar, Giovana C</au><au>Bizzotto, Carolina S</au><au>Tavares, Érico</au><au>Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A</au><au>Gloria, M.Beatriz A</au><au>Silvestre, Marialice P.C</au><au>Arantes, Rosa M.E</au><au>Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−)</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2004-08-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1259</spage><epage>1267</epage><pages>1259-1267</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>Eggplant (
Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR
−/− mice. Animals were fed on chow (
n=17) or atherogenic (
n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR
−/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. These results did not support the use of eggplant extract as hypocholesterolemic agent.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>15207376</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.007</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
subjects | animal models Animals Antibodies - analysis aorta Aorta - pathology Arteriosclerosis - genetics Arteriosclerosis - pathology atherogenesis Atherosclerosis atherosclerotic lesion Biological and medical sciences blood lipids Body Weight - drug effects cholesteremic effect Cholesterol Cholesterol - blood cholesterol metabolism Diet Diet, Atherogenic dietary fat Eggplant eggplants endocytosis experimental diets feces Feces - chemistry food intake General pharmacology histamine knockout mutants LDLR knockout mice lipid content lipid peroxidation Lipids - blood Lipoproteins - blood Lipoproteins - immunology Lipoproteins - metabolism liver Liver - metabolism low density lipoprotein low density lipoprotein oxidation Medical sciences Mice Mice, Knockout Myocardium - pathology Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - physiology oxidized low density lipoprotein Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments plant extracts Plant Extracts - pharmacology Receptors, LDL - genetics Solanum melongena Solanum melongena - chemistry |
title | Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−) |
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