Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−)

Eggplant ( Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR −/− mice. Animals were fed on cho...

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Veröffentlicht in:Food and chemical toxicology 2004-08, Vol.42 (8), p.1259-1267
Hauptverfasser: Botelho, Françoise V, Enéas, Luciana R, Cesar, Giovana C, Bizzotto, Carolina S, Tavares, Érico, Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A, Gloria, M.Beatriz A, Silvestre, Marialice P.C, Arantes, Rosa M.E, Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I
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container_issue 8
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container_title Food and chemical toxicology
container_volume 42
creator Botelho, Françoise V
Enéas, Luciana R
Cesar, Giovana C
Bizzotto, Carolina S
Tavares, Érico
Oliveira, Fabrı́cia A
Gloria, M.Beatriz A
Silvestre, Marialice P.C
Arantes, Rosa M.E
Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I
description Eggplant ( Solanum melongena) has been used as hypocholesterolemic agent in many countries. However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR −/− mice. Animals were fed on chow ( n=17) or atherogenic ( n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR −/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. These results did not support the use of eggplant extract as hypocholesterolemic agent.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.007
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However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR −/− mice. Animals were fed on chow ( n=17) or atherogenic ( n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR −/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. 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However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR −/− mice. Animals were fed on chow ( n=17) or atherogenic ( n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR −/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. 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Homeopathy. Health food</topic><topic>Pharmacology. 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However, few controlled studies were addressed to this subject and atherogenesis. We have evaluated the effect of eggplant on cholesterol metabolism and atherogenesis in LDLR −/− mice. Animals were fed on chow ( n=17) or atherogenic ( n=21) diet during 12 weeks receiving water (control) or eggplant extract. Liver, serum and fecal lipids, together with serum lipoproteins were measured. Oxidative stress was evaluated through conjugate diene formation and ox-LDL antibodies by enzyme immunoassay. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured in different sites of aorta. Total cholesterol and atherogenic lipoproteins did not decrease after eggplant intake. Animals receiving eggplant and chow diet showed increased anti-ox-LDL antibodies and a decreased lag phase of conjugated diene formation, indicating a higher oxidative stress than controls. No differences were seen in lesion area of aortic valve. Eggplant extract had high histamine and other amine levels that could enhance LDL oxidation and its endocytosis. Eggplant did not decrease plasma cholesterol nor prevent the development of atherosclerosis in LDLR −/− mice. Surprisingly, eggplant increased oxidative stress, representing a risk factor for atherosclerosis. These results did not support the use of eggplant extract as hypocholesterolemic agent.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>15207376</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2004.03.007</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects animal models
Animals
Antibodies - analysis
aorta
Aorta - pathology
Arteriosclerosis - genetics
Arteriosclerosis - pathology
atherogenesis
Atherosclerosis
atherosclerotic lesion
Biological and medical sciences
blood lipids
Body Weight - drug effects
cholesteremic effect
Cholesterol
Cholesterol - blood
cholesterol metabolism
Diet
Diet, Atherogenic
dietary fat
Eggplant
eggplants
endocytosis
experimental diets
feces
Feces - chemistry
food intake
General pharmacology
histamine
knockout mutants
LDLR knockout mice
lipid content
lipid peroxidation
Lipids - blood
Lipoproteins - blood
Lipoproteins - immunology
Lipoproteins - metabolism
liver
Liver - metabolism
low density lipoprotein
low density lipoprotein oxidation
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Myocardium - pathology
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
oxidized low density lipoprotein
Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
plant extracts
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Receptors, LDL - genetics
Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena - chemistry
title Effects of eggplant ( Solanum melongena) on the atherogenesis and oxidative stress in LDL receptor knock out mice (LDLR −/−)
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