The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups
Background: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) is a frequently used screening instrument in the research on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies on its reliability and validity are relatively scarce. In the present study the reliability and the contrast validity...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of affective disorders 2004-06, Vol.80 (2), p.209-219 |
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| container_title | Journal of affective disorders |
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| creator | Mersch, Peter Paul A Vastenburg, Nanette C Meesters, Ybe Bouhuys, Antoinette L Beersma, Domien G.M van den Hoofdakker, Rutger H den Boer, Johannes A |
| description | Background: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) is a frequently used screening instrument in the research on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies on its reliability and validity are relatively scarce. In the present study the reliability and the contrast validity of the SPAQ are investigated.
Methods: SAD patients, selected by means of a clinical interview, non-seasonal depressed out-patients, non-depressed out-patients, and a control group, are contrasted to estimate the discriminating power of the SPAQ. Also, the reliability and factor structure of the seasonality and the climate subscales are investigated. To study food intake the Seasonal Food Preference Questionnaire (SFPQ) was developed.
Results: The SAD criterion of the SPAQ shows good specificity (94%), but a low sensitivity (44%). Discriminant analysis shows sufficient ability to classify subjects (81% correctly classified). The Global Seasonality Scale has a good internal consistency. It consists of two factors, a psychological factor and a food factor. The SFPQ is sensitive for carbohydrate intake by SAD patients.
Limitations: Most SAD patients had received treatment and completed the SPAQ while they were not depressed, which may have influenced the sensitivity.
Conclusions: The SPAQ is not sensitive enough to be considered a diagnostic instrument for SAD. Nevertheless, it is accurate enough to be used as a screenings instrument. The only false positives were found in the depressive group. The accuracy of prevalence Figs. can be improved by completion of the SPAQ in the summer months, combined with the completion of a depression scale. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00114-9 |
| format | Article |
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Methods: SAD patients, selected by means of a clinical interview, non-seasonal depressed out-patients, non-depressed out-patients, and a control group, are contrasted to estimate the discriminating power of the SPAQ. Also, the reliability and factor structure of the seasonality and the climate subscales are investigated. To study food intake the Seasonal Food Preference Questionnaire (SFPQ) was developed.
Results: The SAD criterion of the SPAQ shows good specificity (94%), but a low sensitivity (44%). Discriminant analysis shows sufficient ability to classify subjects (81% correctly classified). The Global Seasonality Scale has a good internal consistency. It consists of two factors, a psychological factor and a food factor. The SFPQ is sensitive for carbohydrate intake by SAD patients.
Limitations: Most SAD patients had received treatment and completed the SPAQ while they were not depressed, which may have influenced the sensitivity.
Conclusions: The SPAQ is not sensitive enough to be considered a diagnostic instrument for SAD. Nevertheless, it is accurate enough to be used as a screenings instrument. The only false positives were found in the depressive group. The accuracy of prevalence Figs. can be improved by completion of the SPAQ in the summer months, combined with the completion of a depression scale.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0165-0327</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2517</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00114-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15207934</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JADID7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Weight ; Depression - diagnosis ; Depression - epidemiology ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Discriminant Analysis ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening - methods ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders - diagnosis ; Mood Disorders - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Reliability ; Reproducibility of Results ; SAD ; Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis ; Seasonal Affective Disorder - epidemiology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sleep Wake Disorders - diagnosis ; Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology ; Social Behavior ; SPAQ ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Techniques and methods ; Validity</subject><ispartof>Journal of affective disorders, 2004-06, Vol.80 (2), p.209-219</ispartof><rights>2003 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2003 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-29bbb59dc02192426f12abcb568a57e56d8eb15d0174b86e54397cd55eff81073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-29bbb59dc02192426f12abcb568a57e56d8eb15d0174b86e54397cd55eff81073</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00114-9$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,27903,27904,45974</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15730793$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15207934$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mersch, Peter Paul A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vastenburg, Nanette C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meesters, Ybe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouhuys, Antoinette L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beersma, Domien G.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van den Hoofdakker, Rutger H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>den Boer, Johannes A</creatorcontrib><title>The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups</title><title>Journal of affective disorders</title><addtitle>J Affect Disord</addtitle><description>Background: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) is a frequently used screening instrument in the research on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies on its reliability and validity are relatively scarce. In the present study the reliability and the contrast validity of the SPAQ are investigated.
Methods: SAD patients, selected by means of a clinical interview, non-seasonal depressed out-patients, non-depressed out-patients, and a control group, are contrasted to estimate the discriminating power of the SPAQ. Also, the reliability and factor structure of the seasonality and the climate subscales are investigated. To study food intake the Seasonal Food Preference Questionnaire (SFPQ) was developed.
Results: The SAD criterion of the SPAQ shows good specificity (94%), but a low sensitivity (44%). Discriminant analysis shows sufficient ability to classify subjects (81% correctly classified). The Global Seasonality Scale has a good internal consistency. It consists of two factors, a psychological factor and a food factor. The SFPQ is sensitive for carbohydrate intake by SAD patients.
Limitations: Most SAD patients had received treatment and completed the SPAQ while they were not depressed, which may have influenced the sensitivity.
Conclusions: The SPAQ is not sensitive enough to be considered a diagnostic instrument for SAD. Nevertheless, it is accurate enough to be used as a screenings instrument. The only false positives were found in the depressive group. The accuracy of prevalence Figs. can be improved by completion of the SPAQ in the summer months, combined with the completion of a depression scale.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Depression - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depression - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Discriminant Analysis</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mass Screening - methods</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Reliability</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>SAD</subject><subject>Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Seasonal Affective Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Sleep Wake Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Social Behavior</subject><subject>SPAQ</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Techniques and methods</subject><subject>Validity</subject><issn>0165-0327</issn><issn>1573-2517</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEuLFTEQRoMoznX0JyjZKLpoTTqdpONGhsEXDKjMuA55VGukO2mT3JH596bnXtSdmypCnS9VHIQeU_KSEipeXbbCO8J6-ZywF4RQOnTqDtpRLlnXcyrvot0f5AQ9KOUHIUQoSe6jE8p7IhUbdihffQecYQ7GhjnUG2yix9dmDn57pAnXNr8EU1I0M_5saoUc8VkpUMoCseIveyg1pBhNyPAaG-zSspocWgBbqL8AIl5NDRv7Laf9Wh6ie5OZCzw69lP09d3bq_MP3cWn9x_Pzy46xxStXa-stVx5R3qq-qEXE-2NdZaL0XAJXPgRLOWeUDnYUQAfmJLOcw7TNFIi2Sl6dvh3zenndqVeQnEwzyZC2hcthGCjGkkD-QF0OZWSYdJrDovJN5oSvcnWt7L1ZrIVfStbq5Z7clywtwv4v6mj3QY8PQKmODNP2UQXyj-cZBvYuDcHDpqO6wBZF9eEOfDNqavap_CfU34DWqSdCw</recordid><startdate>20040601</startdate><enddate>20040601</enddate><creator>Mersch, Peter Paul A</creator><creator>Vastenburg, Nanette C</creator><creator>Meesters, Ybe</creator><creator>Bouhuys, Antoinette L</creator><creator>Beersma, Domien G.M</creator><creator>van den Hoofdakker, Rutger H</creator><creator>den Boer, Johannes A</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040601</creationdate><title>The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups</title><author>Mersch, Peter Paul A ; Vastenburg, Nanette C ; Meesters, Ybe ; Bouhuys, Antoinette L ; Beersma, Domien G.M ; van den Hoofdakker, Rutger H ; den Boer, Johannes A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-29bbb59dc02192426f12abcb568a57e56d8eb15d0174b86e54397cd55eff81073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Depression - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depression - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Discriminant Analysis</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mass Screening - methods</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mood Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Mood Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Reliability</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>SAD</topic><topic>Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Seasonal Affective Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Sleep Wake Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Social Behavior</topic><topic>SPAQ</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Techniques and methods</topic><topic>Validity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mersch, Peter Paul A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vastenburg, Nanette C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meesters, Ybe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouhuys, Antoinette L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beersma, Domien G.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van den Hoofdakker, Rutger H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>den Boer, Johannes A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of affective disorders</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mersch, Peter Paul A</au><au>Vastenburg, Nanette C</au><au>Meesters, Ybe</au><au>Bouhuys, Antoinette L</au><au>Beersma, Domien G.M</au><au>van den Hoofdakker, Rutger H</au><au>den Boer, Johannes A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups</atitle><jtitle>Journal of affective disorders</jtitle><addtitle>J Affect Disord</addtitle><date>2004-06-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>209</spage><epage>219</epage><pages>209-219</pages><issn>0165-0327</issn><eissn>1573-2517</eissn><coden>JADID7</coden><abstract>Background: The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) is a frequently used screening instrument in the research on Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Nevertheless, studies on its reliability and validity are relatively scarce. In the present study the reliability and the contrast validity of the SPAQ are investigated.
Methods: SAD patients, selected by means of a clinical interview, non-seasonal depressed out-patients, non-depressed out-patients, and a control group, are contrasted to estimate the discriminating power of the SPAQ. Also, the reliability and factor structure of the seasonality and the climate subscales are investigated. To study food intake the Seasonal Food Preference Questionnaire (SFPQ) was developed.
Results: The SAD criterion of the SPAQ shows good specificity (94%), but a low sensitivity (44%). Discriminant analysis shows sufficient ability to classify subjects (81% correctly classified). The Global Seasonality Scale has a good internal consistency. It consists of two factors, a psychological factor and a food factor. The SFPQ is sensitive for carbohydrate intake by SAD patients.
Limitations: Most SAD patients had received treatment and completed the SPAQ while they were not depressed, which may have influenced the sensitivity.
Conclusions: The SPAQ is not sensitive enough to be considered a diagnostic instrument for SAD. Nevertheless, it is accurate enough to be used as a screenings instrument. The only false positives were found in the depressive group. The accuracy of prevalence Figs. can be improved by completion of the SPAQ in the summer months, combined with the completion of a depression scale.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>15207934</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00114-9</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of affective disorders, 2004-06, Vol.80 (2), p.209-219 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Body Weight Depression - diagnosis Depression - epidemiology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Discriminant Analysis Feeding Behavior Female Humans Male Mass Screening - methods Medical sciences Middle Aged Mood Disorders - diagnosis Mood Disorders - epidemiology Prevalence Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems Psychopathology. Psychiatry Reliability Reproducibility of Results SAD Seasonal Affective Disorder - diagnosis Seasonal Affective Disorder - epidemiology Sensitivity and Specificity Sleep Wake Disorders - diagnosis Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology Social Behavior SPAQ Surveys and Questionnaires Techniques and methods Validity |
| title | The reliability and validity of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire: a comparison between patient groups |
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