EMS-Based Environmental Regimes as Club Goods: Examining Variations in Firm-Level Adoption of ISO 14001 and EMAS in U.K., U.S. and Germany
This paper examines variations in firm-level adoption of environmental management systems (EMS) - ISO 14001 and the European Union's Eco-Audit and Management Scheme (EMAS) - in the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. Drawing on insights from club theory, institutional theory, and sta...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Policy sciences 2002-03, Vol.35 (1), p.43-67 |
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description | This paper examines variations in firm-level adoption of environmental management systems (EMS) - ISO 14001 and the European Union's Eco-Audit and Management Scheme (EMAS) - in the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. Drawing on insights from club theory, institutional theory, and stakeholder theory, it argues that despite the fact that these EMS are created by supranational organizations (one regional and one international), firms' perceptions of their costs and benefits are largely determined by domestic factors. In particular, these perceptions are shaped by how EMS are promoted and information about them is disseminated in each country (supply aspects) and how the constellation of stakeholders (suppliers, environmental groups, regulators, general public) support their introduction (demand aspects). The paper concludes that there are numerous ways governments and interested stakeholders can encourage companies to adopt voluntary environmental codes. The key is to find the right mix of incentives for specific national contexts. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1023/A:1016071810725 |
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Drawing on insights from club theory, institutional theory, and stakeholder theory, it argues that despite the fact that these EMS are created by supranational organizations (one regional and one international), firms' perceptions of their costs and benefits are largely determined by domestic factors. In particular, these perceptions are shaped by how EMS are promoted and information about them is disseminated in each country (supply aspects) and how the constellation of stakeholders (suppliers, environmental groups, regulators, general public) support their introduction (demand aspects). The paper concludes that there are numerous ways governments and interested stakeholders can encourage companies to adopt voluntary environmental codes. 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Drawing on insights from club theory, institutional theory, and stakeholder theory, it argues that despite the fact that these EMS are created by supranational organizations (one regional and one international), firms' perceptions of their costs and benefits are largely determined by domestic factors. In particular, these perceptions are shaped by how EMS are promoted and information about them is disseminated in each country (supply aspects) and how the constellation of stakeholders (suppliers, environmental groups, regulators, general public) support their introduction (demand aspects). The paper concludes that there are numerous ways governments and interested stakeholders can encourage companies to adopt voluntary environmental codes. The key is to find the right mix of incentives for specific national contexts.</description><subject>Adoption of Innovations</subject><subject>Auditing</subject><subject>Business structures</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Economic regulation</subject><subject>Enterprises</subject><subject>Environmental agencies</subject><subject>Environmental management</subject><subject>Environmental management systems</subject><subject>Environmental Policy</subject><subject>Environmental regulation</subject><subject>Environmental regulations</subject><subject>European Union</subject><subject>Federal Republic of Germany</subject><subject>Germany</subject><subject>Globalization</subject><subject>Government Regulation</subject><subject>Industrial regulation</subject><subject>ISO standards</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Organizational Behavior</subject><subject>Policy studies</subject><subject>Quality 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subjects | Adoption of Innovations Auditing Business structures Consumption Costs Economic regulation Enterprises Environmental agencies Environmental management Environmental management systems Environmental Policy Environmental regulation Environmental regulations European Union Federal Republic of Germany Germany Globalization Government Regulation Industrial regulation ISO standards Management Organizational Behavior Policy studies Quality standards Stakeholder Stakeholders Standardization Standards organizations Studies Suppliers Supply & demand Supranationalism U.S.A United Kingdom United States environmental policy United States of America World Trade Organization |
title | EMS-Based Environmental Regimes as Club Goods: Examining Variations in Firm-Level Adoption of ISO 14001 and EMAS in U.K., U.S. and Germany |
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