Inference and Action in Early Causal Reasoning
Two experiments investigated whether a simple-to-embedded-rules account can explain the change in causal reasoning in children between 3 and 4 years of age. A marble-and-ramp apparatus that operated in 2 distinct configurations of straight and across was used throughout. In Experiment 1, 3-year-olds...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental psychology 1996-01, Vol.32 (1), p.120-131 |
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| container_title | Developmental psychology |
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| creator | Frye, Douglas Zelazo, Philip David Brooks, Patricia J Samuels, Mark C |
| description | Two experiments investigated whether a simple-to-embedded-rules account can explain the change in causal reasoning in children between 3 and 4 years of age. A marble-and-ramp apparatus that operated in 2 distinct configurations of straight and across was used throughout. In Experiment 1, 3-year-olds were able to predict the path of the marble when there was only 1 input hole (a simple if-then rules task), whereas only 4-year-olds could solve the 2-input version (an embedded or conjoint conditional if-then rules task). Experiment 2 found the same 3- to 4-year age difference when children chose where to insert the marble in the 2-input version, indicating that the same rules may underlie causal action as well as causal prediction for the more complicated task. The results of the 2 experiments are discussed in relation to previous findings on causal reasoning, children's theory of mind, and a theory of cognitive complexity in the preschool period. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0012-1649.32.1.120 |
| format | Article |
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A marble-and-ramp apparatus that operated in 2 distinct configurations of straight and across was used throughout. In Experiment 1, 3-year-olds were able to predict the path of the marble when there was only 1 input hole (a simple if-then rules task), whereas only 4-year-olds could solve the 2-input version (an embedded or conjoint conditional if-then rules task). Experiment 2 found the same 3- to 4-year age difference when children chose where to insert the marble in the 2-input version, indicating that the same rules may underlie causal action as well as causal prediction for the more complicated task. 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A marble-and-ramp apparatus that operated in 2 distinct configurations of straight and across was used throughout. In Experiment 1, 3-year-olds were able to predict the path of the marble when there was only 1 input hole (a simple if-then rules task), whereas only 4-year-olds could solve the 2-input version (an embedded or conjoint conditional if-then rules task). Experiment 2 found the same 3- to 4-year age difference when children chose where to insert the marble in the 2-input version, indicating that the same rules may underlie causal action as well as causal prediction for the more complicated task. The results of the 2 experiments are discussed in relation to previous findings on causal reasoning, children's theory of mind, and a theory of cognitive complexity in the preschool period.</description><subject>Action</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Causal Reasoning</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Child psychology</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive Development</subject><subject>Comparison</subject><subject>Critical Thinking</subject><subject>Development</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Inferences</subject><subject>Job Performance</subject><subject>Prediction</subject><subject>Preschool Children</subject><subject>Problem Solving</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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| subjects | Action Age Differences Biological and medical sciences Causal Reasoning Child Child Development Child psychology Cognition & reasoning Cognitive Development Comparison Critical Thinking Development Developmental psychology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Inferences Job Performance Prediction Preschool Children Problem Solving Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reasoning Strategy Choice |
| title | Inference and Action in Early Causal Reasoning |
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