Parent-Daughter Transmission of the Androgen Receptor Gene as an Explanation of the Effect of Father Absence on Age of Menarche
Based on an evolutionary theory of socialization, Belsky and colleagues proposed that girls exposed to a stressful environment, especially when due to father absence in the first 7 years of life, showed an early onset of puberty, precocious sexuality, and unstable relationships as adults. The author...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Child development 2002-07, Vol.73 (4), p.1046-1051 |
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| creator | Comings, David E. Muhleman, Donn Johnson, James P. MacMurray, James P. |
| description | Based on an evolutionary theory of socialization, Belsky and colleagues proposed that girls exposed to a stressful environment, especially when due to father absence in the first 7 years of life, showed an early onset of puberty, precocious sexuality, and unstable relationships as adults. The authors of this article examined an alternative explanation that a variant X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene, predisposing the father to behaviors that include family abandonment, may be passed to their daughters causing early puberty, precocious sexuality, and behavior problems. The results of a study of 121 White males and 164 White females showed a significant association of the short alleles of the GGC repeat polymorphism of the AR gene with a range of measures of aggression and impulsivity, increased number of sexual partners, sexual compulsivity, and lifetime number of sex partners in males; and paternal divorce, father absence, and early age of menarche in females. These findings support a genetic explanation of the Belsky psychosocial evolutionary hypothesis regarding the association of fathers' absence and parental stress with early age of onset of menarche and early sexual activity in their daughters. A genetic explanation of the father absence effect is proposed in which fathers carrying the AR alleles are more likely to abandon a marriage (father absence) and pass those alleles to their daughters in whom they produce an earlier age of menarche and behavioral problems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1467-8624.00456 |
| format | Article |
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The authors of this article examined an alternative explanation that a variant X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene, predisposing the father to behaviors that include family abandonment, may be passed to their daughters causing early puberty, precocious sexuality, and behavior problems. The results of a study of 121 White males and 164 White females showed a significant association of the short alleles of the GGC repeat polymorphism of the AR gene with a range of measures of aggression and impulsivity, increased number of sexual partners, sexual compulsivity, and lifetime number of sex partners in males; and paternal divorce, father absence, and early age of menarche in females. These findings support a genetic explanation of the Belsky psychosocial evolutionary hypothesis regarding the association of fathers' absence and parental stress with early age of onset of menarche and early sexual activity in their daughters. A genetic explanation of the father absence effect is proposed in which fathers carrying the AR alleles are more likely to abandon a marriage (father absence) and pass those alleles to their daughters in whom they produce an earlier age of menarche and behavioral problems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-3920</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1467-8624</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00456</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12146732</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CHDEAW</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, USA and Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age of onset ; Aged ; Alleles ; Androgen receptors ; Androgens ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biobehavioral Development, Perception, and Action ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Child development ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Daughters ; Developmental psychology ; Evolution ; Evolutionary genetics ; Family relations ; Family studies ; Fathers ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Genes ; Genetic factors ; Genetics ; Genotype ; Girls ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior - genetics ; Impulsive Behavior - psychology ; Infant ; Internal-External Control ; Male ; Menarche ; Menarche - genetics ; Menarche - psychology ; Menstruation ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Parent-child relations ; Paternal Deprivation ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Puberty ; Receptors, Androgen - genetics ; Sexual Maturation - genetics ; Sexuality ; Socialization ; Substance-Related Disorders - genetics ; Substance-Related Disorders - psychology ; Trinucleotide Repeats</subject><ispartof>Child development, 2002-07, Vol.73 (4), p.1046-1051</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2002 The Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishers Inc. Jul/Aug 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5166-52986c73d2cbd5ff96c670a536e8c7314e9beb51295c543ca5dca1310dc0ca553</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3696269$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3696269$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,1416,27923,27924,30998,30999,45573,45574,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13804878$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12146732$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Comings, David E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muhleman, Donn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, James P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMurray, James P.</creatorcontrib><title>Parent-Daughter Transmission of the Androgen Receptor Gene as an Explanation of the Effect of Father Absence on Age of Menarche</title><title>Child development</title><addtitle>Child Dev</addtitle><description>Based on an evolutionary theory of socialization, Belsky and colleagues proposed that girls exposed to a stressful environment, especially when due to father absence in the first 7 years of life, showed an early onset of puberty, precocious sexuality, and unstable relationships as adults. The authors of this article examined an alternative explanation that a variant X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene, predisposing the father to behaviors that include family abandonment, may be passed to their daughters causing early puberty, precocious sexuality, and behavior problems. The results of a study of 121 White males and 164 White females showed a significant association of the short alleles of the GGC repeat polymorphism of the AR gene with a range of measures of aggression and impulsivity, increased number of sexual partners, sexual compulsivity, and lifetime number of sex partners in males; and paternal divorce, father absence, and early age of menarche in females. These findings support a genetic explanation of the Belsky psychosocial evolutionary hypothesis regarding the association of fathers' absence and parental stress with early age of onset of menarche and early sexual activity in their daughters. A genetic explanation of the father absence effect is proposed in which fathers carrying the AR alleles are more likely to abandon a marriage (father absence) and pass those alleles to their daughters in whom they produce an earlier age of menarche and behavioral problems.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age of onset</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Androgen receptors</subject><subject>Androgens</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biobehavioral Development, Perception, and Action</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chromosome Mapping</subject><subject>Chromosomes, Human, X</subject><subject>Daughters</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Evolutionary genetics</subject><subject>Family relations</subject><subject>Family studies</subject><subject>Fathers</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Impulsive Behavior - genetics</subject><subject>Impulsive Behavior - psychology</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Internal-External Control</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Menarche</subject><subject>Menarche - genetics</subject><subject>Menarche - psychology</subject><subject>Menstruation</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Parent-child relations</subject><subject>Paternal Deprivation</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Receptors, Androgen - genetics</subject><subject>Sexual Maturation - genetics</subject><subject>Sexuality</subject><subject>Socialization</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - genetics</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Trinucleotide Repeats</subject><issn>0009-3920</issn><issn>1467-8624</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1v0zAYxi3ExErhzAUhaxLcsvk7ybHquo4xBkIDjpbjvGlTUqfYidhO_Os4pOoQl_liPe_7ez-sxwi9ouSUxnNGhUqTTDFxSoiQ6gmaHCJP0YQQkic8Z-QYPQ9hEyVTOX-GjikbMM4m6Pdn48F1ybnpV-sOPL71xoVtHULdOtxWuFsDnrnStytw-AtY2HWtx0twgE3AxuHF3a4xznT_8IuqAtsN6sJE7fGsCOAs4IjMVjAkPoIz3q7hBTqqTBPg5f6eoq8Xi9v5ZXL9afl-PrtOrKRKJZLlmbIpL5ktSllVubIqJUZyBVkMUwF5AYWkLJdWCm6NLK2hnJLSkigkn6J3Y9-db3_2EDod32ihiatD2wctU8EkYfxRkOdUUJWqCJ78B27a3rv4CE3jsirLyNDtbISsb0PwUOmdr7fG32tK9OCgHozQg1_6r4Ox4s2-bV9soXzg95ZF4O0eMMGapop-2To8cDwjIkuzyImR-1U3cP_YXD0_X3wb578eyzYhGn0o4ypXw-eZomRM16GDu0Pa-B86bpdK_f1mqQW5uSScfNBX_A8xrMkF</recordid><startdate>200207</startdate><enddate>200207</enddate><creator>Comings, David E.</creator><creator>Muhleman, Donn</creator><creator>Johnson, James P.</creator><creator>MacMurray, James P.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishers Inc</general><general>Blackwell Publishers</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>U9A</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200207</creationdate><title>Parent-Daughter Transmission of the Androgen Receptor Gene as an Explanation of the Effect of Father Absence on Age of Menarche</title><author>Comings, David E. ; Muhleman, Donn ; Johnson, James P. ; MacMurray, James P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5166-52986c73d2cbd5ff96c670a536e8c7314e9beb51295c543ca5dca1310dc0ca553</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age of onset</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Androgen receptors</topic><topic>Androgens</topic><topic>Behavioral psychophysiology</topic><topic>Biobehavioral Development, Perception, and Action</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Chromosome Mapping</topic><topic>Chromosomes, Human, X</topic><topic>Daughters</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Evolutionary genetics</topic><topic>Family relations</topic><topic>Family studies</topic><topic>Fathers</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic factors</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Girls</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Impulsive Behavior - genetics</topic><topic>Impulsive Behavior - psychology</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Internal-External Control</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Menarche</topic><topic>Menarche - genetics</topic><topic>Menarche - psychology</topic><topic>Menstruation</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Parent-child relations</topic><topic>Paternal Deprivation</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Puberty</topic><topic>Receptors, Androgen - genetics</topic><topic>Sexual Maturation - genetics</topic><topic>Sexuality</topic><topic>Socialization</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - genetics</topic><topic>Substance-Related Disorders - psychology</topic><topic>Trinucleotide Repeats</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Comings, David E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muhleman, Donn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, James P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacMurray, James P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><jtitle>Child development</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Comings, David E.</au><au>Muhleman, Donn</au><au>Johnson, James P.</au><au>MacMurray, James P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Parent-Daughter Transmission of the Androgen Receptor Gene as an Explanation of the Effect of Father Absence on Age of Menarche</atitle><jtitle>Child development</jtitle><addtitle>Child Dev</addtitle><date>2002-07</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1046</spage><epage>1051</epage><pages>1046-1051</pages><issn>0009-3920</issn><eissn>1467-8624</eissn><coden>CHDEAW</coden><abstract>Based on an evolutionary theory of socialization, Belsky and colleagues proposed that girls exposed to a stressful environment, especially when due to father absence in the first 7 years of life, showed an early onset of puberty, precocious sexuality, and unstable relationships as adults. The authors of this article examined an alternative explanation that a variant X-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene, predisposing the father to behaviors that include family abandonment, may be passed to their daughters causing early puberty, precocious sexuality, and behavior problems. The results of a study of 121 White males and 164 White females showed a significant association of the short alleles of the GGC repeat polymorphism of the AR gene with a range of measures of aggression and impulsivity, increased number of sexual partners, sexual compulsivity, and lifetime number of sex partners in males; and paternal divorce, father absence, and early age of menarche in females. These findings support a genetic explanation of the Belsky psychosocial evolutionary hypothesis regarding the association of fathers' absence and parental stress with early age of onset of menarche and early sexual activity in their daughters. A genetic explanation of the father absence effect is proposed in which fathers carrying the AR alleles are more likely to abandon a marriage (father absence) and pass those alleles to their daughters in whom they produce an earlier age of menarche and behavioral problems.</abstract><cop>Boston, USA and Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishers Inc</pub><pmid>12146732</pmid><doi>10.1111/1467-8624.00456</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Child development, 2002-07, Vol.73 (4), p.1046-1051 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EBSCOhost Education Source; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Adult Age of onset Aged Alleles Androgen receptors Androgens Behavioral psychophysiology Biobehavioral Development, Perception, and Action Biological and medical sciences Child Child development Child, Preschool Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes, Human, X Daughters Developmental psychology Evolution Evolutionary genetics Family relations Family studies Fathers Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes Genetic factors Genetics Genotype Girls Humans Impulsive Behavior - genetics Impulsive Behavior - psychology Infant Internal-External Control Male Menarche Menarche - genetics Menarche - psychology Menstruation Middle Aged Miscellaneous Parent-child relations Paternal Deprivation Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Puberty Receptors, Androgen - genetics Sexual Maturation - genetics Sexuality Socialization Substance-Related Disorders - genetics Substance-Related Disorders - psychology Trinucleotide Repeats |
| title | Parent-Daughter Transmission of the Androgen Receptor Gene as an Explanation of the Effect of Father Absence on Age of Menarche |
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