The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers
ABSTRACT Aims To assess the validity of the French version of the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and to identify which smoking patterns differentiate male and female smokers, which are related to tobacco dependence (as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND), to m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2003-11, Vol.98 (11), p.1575-1583 |
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| creator | Berlin, Ivan Singleton, Edward G. Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie Lancrenon, Sylvie Rames, Alexis Aubin, Henri-Jean Niaura, Raymond |
| description | ABSTRACT
Aims To assess the validity of the French version of the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and to identify which smoking patterns differentiate male and female smokers, which are related to tobacco dependence (as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND), to mood (Beck Depression Inventory II), to affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and which are predictors of successful quitting.
Participants Three hundred and thirty smokers [(mean ± SD) aged 40 ± 9 years, 145 (44%) women, mean FTND score: 6.2 ± 2], candidates for a smoking cessation programme and smoking at least 15 cigarettes/day.
Findings Factor analysis of the 21‐item scale gave the optimal fit for a seven‐factor model, which accounted for 62.3% of the total variance. The following factors were identified: ‘addictive smoking’, ‘pleasure from smoking’, ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘social smoking’, ‘stimulation’, ‘habit/automatism’ and ‘handling’. The ‘addictive smoking’ score increased in a dose‐dependent manner with number of cigarettes smoked per day; the ‘habit/automatism’ score was significantly higher, with more than 20 cigarettes per day than with ≤ 20 cigarettes per day. The reasons for smoking were different for males and females: females scored higher on ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘stimulation’ and ‘social smoking’. A high level of dependence (FTND ≥ 6) was associated with significantly higher scores only on ‘addictive smoking’, the association being stronger in females. Time to first cigarette after awakening was associated with higher ‘addictive smoking’ and ‘habit/automatism’ (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00523.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_57085519</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>37795732</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4943-f539c8e9f91d7e505f7ca642715ee5c502fca8f1d015efcb21213e7cfe336dab3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkdFu0zAUhi0EYmXwCsg3cEWCHdtxgrgZ6zqQOpDYELuzXOd4dZc6xU607mH2riRptF3ClSWf7__PkT6EMCUpJTz_uEkpy0lCOGdpRghLCREZS_fP0Oxx8BzNSJmLJKOcHKFXMW4IIbIo-Ut0RHlOc1rwGXq4WgO-aCpnHVT4J-jY-IhtE_Dltrl1_gZfGl3DJ2y1aZvgdI1jGzrTdgE-4BvwFQQM1oJpI9a-wgFq3bq-ZO12-M61a-ydaVrnAVewG3hvYCTjtMBAjGMEO48XoZ-vxxmE-Bq9sLqO8GZ6j9GvxdnV6ddk-eP82-nJMjG85CyxgpWmgNKWtJIgiLDS6JxnkgoAYQTJrNGFpRXpP6xZZTSjDKSxwFhe6RU7Ru8PvbvQ_OkgtmrrooG61h6aLiohSSEELf8JMilLIVnWg8UBNKGJMYBVu-C2OtwrStTgUG3UoEoNqtTgUI0O1b6Pvp12dKstVE_BSVoPvJsAHXs5NmhvXHzi-hrOM9Zznw_cnavh_r8PUCfzuRjjySHuYgv7x7gOtyqXTAr1-_u5-rIQ-Xx5fa0u2F_CbMmN</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>37795732</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers</title><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Berlin, Ivan ; Singleton, Edward G. ; Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie ; Lancrenon, Sylvie ; Rames, Alexis ; Aubin, Henri-Jean ; Niaura, Raymond</creator><creatorcontrib>Berlin, Ivan ; Singleton, Edward G. ; Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie ; Lancrenon, Sylvie ; Rames, Alexis ; Aubin, Henri-Jean ; Niaura, Raymond</creatorcontrib><description>ABSTRACT
Aims To assess the validity of the French version of the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and to identify which smoking patterns differentiate male and female smokers, which are related to tobacco dependence (as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND), to mood (Beck Depression Inventory II), to affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and which are predictors of successful quitting.
Participants Three hundred and thirty smokers [(mean ± SD) aged 40 ± 9 years, 145 (44%) women, mean FTND score: 6.2 ± 2], candidates for a smoking cessation programme and smoking at least 15 cigarettes/day.
Findings Factor analysis of the 21‐item scale gave the optimal fit for a seven‐factor model, which accounted for 62.3% of the total variance. The following factors were identified: ‘addictive smoking’, ‘pleasure from smoking’, ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘social smoking’, ‘stimulation’, ‘habit/automatism’ and ‘handling’. The ‘addictive smoking’ score increased in a dose‐dependent manner with number of cigarettes smoked per day; the ‘habit/automatism’ score was significantly higher, with more than 20 cigarettes per day than with ≤ 20 cigarettes per day. The reasons for smoking were different for males and females: females scored higher on ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘stimulation’ and ‘social smoking’. A high level of dependence (FTND ≥ 6) was associated with significantly higher scores only on ‘addictive smoking’, the association being stronger in females. Time to first cigarette after awakening was associated with higher ‘addictive smoking’ and ‘habit/automatism’ (P < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, failed quitting was predicted by higher habit/automatism score (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06–1.95, P = 0.02) and greater number of cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06, p = 0.03).
Conclusions The questionnaire yielded a coherent factor structure; women smoked more for tension reduction/relaxation, stimulation and for social reasons than men; addictive smoking and automatic smoking behaviour were similar in both sexes and were associated strongly with a high level of nicotine dependence; the ‘habit/automatism’ score predicted failure to quit over and above cigarettes per day.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2140</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1360-0443</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00523.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14616184</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Addiction ; Addictive behaviors ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cessation ; Dependency ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; France ; French version ; Gender differences ; Health ; Health care ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Middle Aged ; Modified Reasons for Smoking scale ; Motivation ; Nicotine ; nicotine dependence ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychometrics ; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; sex differences ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; Smoking - psychology ; smoking cessation ; Smoking Cessation - methods ; Social problems ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Techniques and methods ; Time Factors ; Tobacco ; Tobacco smoking ; Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology</subject><ispartof>Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2003-11, Vol.98 (11), p.1575-1583</ispartof><rights>2004 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4943-f539c8e9f91d7e505f7ca642715ee5c502fca8f1d015efcb21213e7cfe336dab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4943-f539c8e9f91d7e505f7ca642715ee5c502fca8f1d015efcb21213e7cfe336dab3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046%2Fj.1360-0443.2003.00523.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046%2Fj.1360-0443.2003.00523.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,30977,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=15234423$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616184$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Berlin, Ivan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singleton, Edward G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lancrenon, Sylvie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rames, Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aubin, Henri-Jean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niaura, Raymond</creatorcontrib><title>The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers</title><title>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</title><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Aims To assess the validity of the French version of the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and to identify which smoking patterns differentiate male and female smokers, which are related to tobacco dependence (as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND), to mood (Beck Depression Inventory II), to affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and which are predictors of successful quitting.
Participants Three hundred and thirty smokers [(mean ± SD) aged 40 ± 9 years, 145 (44%) women, mean FTND score: 6.2 ± 2], candidates for a smoking cessation programme and smoking at least 15 cigarettes/day.
Findings Factor analysis of the 21‐item scale gave the optimal fit for a seven‐factor model, which accounted for 62.3% of the total variance. The following factors were identified: ‘addictive smoking’, ‘pleasure from smoking’, ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘social smoking’, ‘stimulation’, ‘habit/automatism’ and ‘handling’. The ‘addictive smoking’ score increased in a dose‐dependent manner with number of cigarettes smoked per day; the ‘habit/automatism’ score was significantly higher, with more than 20 cigarettes per day than with ≤ 20 cigarettes per day. The reasons for smoking were different for males and females: females scored higher on ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘stimulation’ and ‘social smoking’. A high level of dependence (FTND ≥ 6) was associated with significantly higher scores only on ‘addictive smoking’, the association being stronger in females. Time to first cigarette after awakening was associated with higher ‘addictive smoking’ and ‘habit/automatism’ (P < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, failed quitting was predicted by higher habit/automatism score (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06–1.95, P = 0.02) and greater number of cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06, p = 0.03).
Conclusions The questionnaire yielded a coherent factor structure; women smoked more for tension reduction/relaxation, stimulation and for social reasons than men; addictive smoking and automatic smoking behaviour were similar in both sexes and were associated strongly with a high level of nicotine dependence; the ‘habit/automatism’ score predicted failure to quit over and above cigarettes per day.</description><subject>Addiction</subject><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cessation</subject><subject>Dependency</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>France</subject><subject>French version</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Modified Reasons for Smoking scale</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>nicotine dependence</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>sex differences</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - psychology</subject><subject>smoking cessation</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation - methods</subject><subject>Social problems</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Techniques and methods</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Tobacco smoking</subject><subject>Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology</subject><issn>0965-2140</issn><issn>1360-0443</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkdFu0zAUhi0EYmXwCsg3cEWCHdtxgrgZ6zqQOpDYELuzXOd4dZc6xU607mH2riRptF3ClSWf7__PkT6EMCUpJTz_uEkpy0lCOGdpRghLCREZS_fP0Oxx8BzNSJmLJKOcHKFXMW4IIbIo-Ut0RHlOc1rwGXq4WgO-aCpnHVT4J-jY-IhtE_Dltrl1_gZfGl3DJ2y1aZvgdI1jGzrTdgE-4BvwFQQM1oJpI9a-wgFq3bq-ZO12-M61a-ydaVrnAVewG3hvYCTjtMBAjGMEO48XoZ-vxxmE-Bq9sLqO8GZ6j9GvxdnV6ddk-eP82-nJMjG85CyxgpWmgNKWtJIgiLDS6JxnkgoAYQTJrNGFpRXpP6xZZTSjDKSxwFhe6RU7Ru8PvbvQ_OkgtmrrooG61h6aLiohSSEELf8JMilLIVnWg8UBNKGJMYBVu-C2OtwrStTgUG3UoEoNqtTgUI0O1b6Pvp12dKstVE_BSVoPvJsAHXs5NmhvXHzi-hrOM9Zznw_cnavh_r8PUCfzuRjjySHuYgv7x7gOtyqXTAr1-_u5-rIQ-Xx5fa0u2F_CbMmN</recordid><startdate>200311</startdate><enddate>200311</enddate><creator>Berlin, Ivan</creator><creator>Singleton, Edward G.</creator><creator>Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie</creator><creator>Lancrenon, Sylvie</creator><creator>Rames, Alexis</creator><creator>Aubin, Henri-Jean</creator><creator>Niaura, Raymond</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>7QJ</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200311</creationdate><title>The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers</title><author>Berlin, Ivan ; Singleton, Edward G. ; Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie ; Lancrenon, Sylvie ; Rames, Alexis ; Aubin, Henri-Jean ; Niaura, Raymond</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4943-f539c8e9f91d7e505f7ca642715ee5c502fca8f1d015efcb21213e7cfe336dab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Addiction</topic><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cessation</topic><topic>Dependency</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>France</topic><topic>French version</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Modified Reasons for Smoking scale</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>nicotine dependence</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>sex differences</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - psychology</topic><topic>smoking cessation</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation - methods</topic><topic>Social problems</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Techniques and methods</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Tobacco smoking</topic><topic>Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Berlin, Ivan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singleton, Edward G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lancrenon, Sylvie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rames, Alexis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aubin, Henri-Jean</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niaura, Raymond</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Berlin, Ivan</au><au>Singleton, Edward G.</au><au>Pedarriosse, Anne-Marie</au><au>Lancrenon, Sylvie</au><au>Rames, Alexis</au><au>Aubin, Henri-Jean</au><au>Niaura, Raymond</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers</atitle><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><date>2003-11</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>98</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1575</spage><epage>1583</epage><pages>1575-1583</pages><issn>0965-2140</issn><eissn>1360-0443</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Aims To assess the validity of the French version of the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and to identify which smoking patterns differentiate male and female smokers, which are related to tobacco dependence (as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND), to mood (Beck Depression Inventory II), to affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and which are predictors of successful quitting.
Participants Three hundred and thirty smokers [(mean ± SD) aged 40 ± 9 years, 145 (44%) women, mean FTND score: 6.2 ± 2], candidates for a smoking cessation programme and smoking at least 15 cigarettes/day.
Findings Factor analysis of the 21‐item scale gave the optimal fit for a seven‐factor model, which accounted for 62.3% of the total variance. The following factors were identified: ‘addictive smoking’, ‘pleasure from smoking’, ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘social smoking’, ‘stimulation’, ‘habit/automatism’ and ‘handling’. The ‘addictive smoking’ score increased in a dose‐dependent manner with number of cigarettes smoked per day; the ‘habit/automatism’ score was significantly higher, with more than 20 cigarettes per day than with ≤ 20 cigarettes per day. The reasons for smoking were different for males and females: females scored higher on ‘tension reduction/relaxation’, ‘stimulation’ and ‘social smoking’. A high level of dependence (FTND ≥ 6) was associated with significantly higher scores only on ‘addictive smoking’, the association being stronger in females. Time to first cigarette after awakening was associated with higher ‘addictive smoking’ and ‘habit/automatism’ (P < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, failed quitting was predicted by higher habit/automatism score (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06–1.95, P = 0.02) and greater number of cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06, p = 0.03).
Conclusions The questionnaire yielded a coherent factor structure; women smoked more for tension reduction/relaxation, stimulation and for social reasons than men; addictive smoking and automatic smoking behaviour were similar in both sexes and were associated strongly with a high level of nicotine dependence; the ‘habit/automatism’ score predicted failure to quit over and above cigarettes per day.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>14616184</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00523.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Addiction Addictive behaviors Adolescent Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Cessation Dependency Epidemiologic Methods Female France French version Gender differences Health Health care Humans Male Medical sciences Medicine Middle Aged Modified Reasons for Smoking scale Motivation Nicotine nicotine dependence Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems Psychopathology. Psychiatry sex differences Sex Factors Smoking Smoking - psychology smoking cessation Smoking Cessation - methods Social problems Surveys and Questionnaires Techniques and methods Time Factors Tobacco Tobacco smoking Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology |
| title | The Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale: factorial structure, gender effects and relationship with nicotine dependence and smoking cessation in French smokers |
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