A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine
ABSTRACT Aims To examine the literature regarding clinical pharmacokinetics, direct effects and adverse clinical outcomes associated with methamphetamine use. Methods Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search. Additional literature was obtained from relevant books and monographs....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2009-07, Vol.104 (7), p.1085-1099 |
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| container_title | Addiction (Abingdon, England) |
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| creator | Cruickshank, Christopher C. Dyer, Kyle R. |
| description | ABSTRACT
Aims To examine the literature regarding clinical pharmacokinetics, direct effects and adverse clinical outcomes associated with methamphetamine use.
Methods Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search. Additional literature was obtained from relevant books and monographs.
Findings and conclusions The mean elimination half‐life for methamphetamine is approximately 10 hours, with considerable inter‐individual variability in pharmacokinetics. Direct effects at low‐to‐moderate methamphetamine doses (5–30 mg) include arousal, positive mood, cardiac stimulation and acute improvement in cognitive domains such as attention and psychomotor coordination. At higher doses used typically by illicit users (≥50 mg), methamphetamine can produce psychosis. Its hypertensive effect can produce a number of acute and chronic cardiovascular complications. Repeated use may induce neurotoxicity, associated with prolonged psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Abrupt cessation of repeated methamphetamine use leads to a withdrawal syndrome consisting of depressed mood, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Acute withdrawal lasts typically for 7–10 days, and residual symptoms associated with neurotoxicity may persist for several months. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02564.x |
| format | Article |
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Aims To examine the literature regarding clinical pharmacokinetics, direct effects and adverse clinical outcomes associated with methamphetamine use.
Methods Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search. Additional literature was obtained from relevant books and monographs.
Findings and conclusions The mean elimination half‐life for methamphetamine is approximately 10 hours, with considerable inter‐individual variability in pharmacokinetics. Direct effects at low‐to‐moderate methamphetamine doses (5–30 mg) include arousal, positive mood, cardiac stimulation and acute improvement in cognitive domains such as attention and psychomotor coordination. At higher doses used typically by illicit users (≥50 mg), methamphetamine can produce psychosis. Its hypertensive effect can produce a number of acute and chronic cardiovascular complications. Repeated use may induce neurotoxicity, associated with prolonged psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Abrupt cessation of repeated methamphetamine use leads to a withdrawal syndrome consisting of depressed mood, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Acute withdrawal lasts typically for 7–10 days, and residual symptoms associated with neurotoxicity may persist for several months.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2140</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1360-0443</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02564.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19426289</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ADICE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Addiction ; Addictive behaviors ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Amphetamine ; Amphetamine-Related Disorders - complications ; amphetamines ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced ; Central Nervous System Stimulants - adverse effects ; Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacokinetics ; Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacology ; Clinical outcomes ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug addiction ; Drug use ; Half-Life ; Health ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Medical sciences ; Methamphetamine ; Methamphetamine - adverse effects ; Methamphetamine - pharmacokinetics ; Methamphetamine - pharmacology ; methylamphetamine ; Neuropharmacology ; Pharmacology ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer ; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychopharmacology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Side effects ; Social problems ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - etiology ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2009-07, Vol.104 (7), p.1085-1099</ispartof><rights>2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Journal compilation © 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6414-b651b2505e04cbd9a2a9550ba6241565a7b6589a0dbb7051149c02debd6207323</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6414-b651b2505e04cbd9a2a9550ba6241565a7b6589a0dbb7051149c02debd6207323</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2009.02564.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2009.02564.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21568094$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19426289$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cruickshank, Christopher C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dyer, Kyle R.</creatorcontrib><title>A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine</title><title>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</title><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Aims To examine the literature regarding clinical pharmacokinetics, direct effects and adverse clinical outcomes associated with methamphetamine use.
Methods Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search. Additional literature was obtained from relevant books and monographs.
Findings and conclusions The mean elimination half‐life for methamphetamine is approximately 10 hours, with considerable inter‐individual variability in pharmacokinetics. Direct effects at low‐to‐moderate methamphetamine doses (5–30 mg) include arousal, positive mood, cardiac stimulation and acute improvement in cognitive domains such as attention and psychomotor coordination. At higher doses used typically by illicit users (≥50 mg), methamphetamine can produce psychosis. Its hypertensive effect can produce a number of acute and chronic cardiovascular complications. Repeated use may induce neurotoxicity, associated with prolonged psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Abrupt cessation of repeated methamphetamine use leads to a withdrawal syndrome consisting of depressed mood, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Acute withdrawal lasts typically for 7–10 days, and residual symptoms associated with neurotoxicity may persist for several months.</description><subject>Addiction</subject><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Amphetamine</subject><subject>Amphetamine-Related Disorders - complications</subject><subject>amphetamines</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>Central Nervous System Stimulants - adverse effects</subject><subject>Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Clinical outcomes</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Drug addiction</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Half-Life</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Methamphetamine</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Methamphetamine - pharmacology</subject><subject>methylamphetamine</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer</subject><subject>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Side effects</subject><subject>Social problems</subject><subject>Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - etiology</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0965-2140</issn><issn>1360-0443</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1OGzEUhS3UqqS0r4BGSGU30-s7tme86CIiLUVCwIKKpeXxOI3T-UntCSRvX08TBYkNeGNL9ztH1-cQklDIaDxflxnNBaTAWJ4hgMwAuWDZ5ohMDoN3ZAJS8BQpg2PyMYQlABSlZB_IMZUMBZZyQspp4u2js09JP0-GhU1M4zpndJOsFtq32vRN_3s7Dls7LHS7WthBt66zn8j7uW6C_by_T8ivH9_vL36m17eXVxfT69QIRllaCU4r5MAtMFPVUqOWnEOlBTLKBddFJEqpoa6qAjilTBrA2la1QChyzE_I-c535fu_axsG1bpgbNPozvbroPKCCo7ydRBBlJSJPIJnL8Blv_Zd_ISiUkY7xBEqd5DxfQjeztXKu1b7raKgxg7UUo1RqzFqNXag_negNlF6uvdfV62tn4X70CPwZQ_oEJOee90ZFw4cxlxKkCxy33bck2vs9s0LqOlsNr6iPt3pXRjs5qDX_o8SRV5w9XBzqR5mN_d3IFCx_B_4la3m</recordid><startdate>200907</startdate><enddate>200907</enddate><creator>Cruickshank, Christopher C.</creator><creator>Dyer, Kyle R.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200907</creationdate><title>A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine</title><author>Cruickshank, Christopher C. ; Dyer, Kyle R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6414-b651b2505e04cbd9a2a9550ba6241565a7b6589a0dbb7051149c02debd6207323</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Addiction</topic><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Amphetamine</topic><topic>Amphetamine-Related Disorders - complications</topic><topic>amphetamines</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>Central Nervous System Stimulants - adverse effects</topic><topic>Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Clinical outcomes</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Drug addiction</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>Half-Life</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Methamphetamine</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Methamphetamine - pharmacology</topic><topic>methylamphetamine</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer</topic><topic>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Side effects</topic><topic>Social problems</topic><topic>Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - etiology</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cruickshank, Christopher C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dyer, Kyle R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cruickshank, Christopher C.</au><au>Dyer, Kyle R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine</atitle><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><date>2009-07</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1085</spage><epage>1099</epage><pages>1085-1099</pages><issn>0965-2140</issn><eissn>1360-0443</eissn><coden>ADICE5</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
Aims To examine the literature regarding clinical pharmacokinetics, direct effects and adverse clinical outcomes associated with methamphetamine use.
Methods Relevant literature was identified through a PubMed search. Additional literature was obtained from relevant books and monographs.
Findings and conclusions The mean elimination half‐life for methamphetamine is approximately 10 hours, with considerable inter‐individual variability in pharmacokinetics. Direct effects at low‐to‐moderate methamphetamine doses (5–30 mg) include arousal, positive mood, cardiac stimulation and acute improvement in cognitive domains such as attention and psychomotor coordination. At higher doses used typically by illicit users (≥50 mg), methamphetamine can produce psychosis. Its hypertensive effect can produce a number of acute and chronic cardiovascular complications. Repeated use may induce neurotoxicity, associated with prolonged psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Abrupt cessation of repeated methamphetamine use leads to a withdrawal syndrome consisting of depressed mood, anxiety and sleep disturbance. Acute withdrawal lasts typically for 7–10 days, and residual symptoms associated with neurotoxicity may persist for several months.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>19426289</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02564.x</doi><tpages>15</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2009-07, Vol.104 (7), p.1085-1099 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Addiction Addictive behaviors Adult and adolescent clinical studies Amphetamine Amphetamine-Related Disorders - complications amphetamines Biological and medical sciences Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced Central Nervous System Stimulants - adverse effects Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacokinetics Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacology Clinical outcomes Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug addiction Drug use Half-Life Health Humans Kinetics Medical sciences Methamphetamine Methamphetamine - adverse effects Methamphetamine - pharmacokinetics Methamphetamine - pharmacology methylamphetamine Neuropharmacology Pharmacology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Risk Factors Side effects Social problems Substance Withdrawal Syndrome - etiology Toxicology |
| title | A review of the clinical pharmacology of methamphetamine |
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