Being Independent is a Great Thing: Subjective Evaluations of Self-Employment and Hierarchy

One can be independent, or one can be subject to decisions made by others. This paper argues that this difference, embodied in the institutional distinction between the decision-making procedures 'market' and 'hierarchy', affects individual wellbeing beyond outcomes. Taking self-...

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Veröffentlicht in:Economica (London) 2008-05, Vol.75 (298), p.362-383
Hauptverfasser: BENZ, MATTHIAS, FREY, BRUNO S.
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FREY, BRUNO S.
description One can be independent, or one can be subject to decisions made by others. This paper argues that this difference, embodied in the institutional distinction between the decision-making procedures 'market' and 'hierarchy', affects individual wellbeing beyond outcomes. Taking self-employment as an important case of independence, it is shown that the self-employed derive higher satisfaction from work than those employed in organizations, irrespective of income gained or hours worked. This is evidence for procedural utility: people value not only outcomes, but also the processes leading to outcomes.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00594.x
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source PAIS Index; Business Source Complete; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Wiley Online Library All Journals
subjects Decision making
Economic surveys
Economic utility
Employees
Employment
Happiness
Hierarchy
Job satisfaction
Labour economics
Linear regression
Self employment
Self-employed workers
Self-perception
Studies
Utility functions
Well-being
Wellbeing
Work hours
Working capital
title Being Independent is a Great Thing: Subjective Evaluations of Self-Employment and Hierarchy
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