Micromachined Electric-Field Sensor to Measure AC and DC Fields in Power Systems
This paper describes a new type of electric-field sensor that has been fabricated using micromachining technology. This micromachined sensor is dramatically smaller than conventional field mills, possessing a field chopping shutter measuring only 1 mm 2 . The shutter is moved using thermal actuators...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on power delivery 2009-07, Vol.24 (3), p.988-995 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on power delivery |
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| creator | Wijeweera, G. Bahreyni, B. Shafai, C. Rajapakse, A. Swatek, D.R. |
| description | This paper describes a new type of electric-field sensor that has been fabricated using micromachining technology. This micromachined sensor is dramatically smaller than conventional field mills, possessing a field chopping shutter measuring only 1 mm 2 . The shutter is moved using thermal actuators, thereby eliminating the wear and tear associated with rotating and moving elements of field mills. The sensor requires minimal operating power, with the shutter being driven by a 75-mV drive signal while consuming only 70 muW. The field chopping shutter operates at ~ 4200 Hz, enabling the measurement of both ac and dc fields. Two sets of sense electrodes enable differential field measurements and, therefore, do not require a reference ground potential. The sensor has a linear response to the electric-field amplitude and has demonstrated that it is capable of measuring a dc field as small as 42 V/m. This miniature sensor is the smallest sensor with such a resolution for use in power engineering applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2008427 |
| format | Article |
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This micromachined sensor is dramatically smaller than conventional field mills, possessing a field chopping shutter measuring only 1 mm 2 . The shutter is moved using thermal actuators, thereby eliminating the wear and tear associated with rotating and moving elements of field mills. The sensor requires minimal operating power, with the shutter being driven by a 75-mV drive signal while consuming only 70 muW. The field chopping shutter operates at ~ 4200 Hz, enabling the measurement of both ac and dc fields. Two sets of sense electrodes enable differential field measurements and, therefore, do not require a reference ground potential. The sensor has a linear response to the electric-field amplitude and has demonstrated that it is capable of measuring a dc field as small as 42 V/m. This miniature sensor is the smallest sensor with such a resolution for use in power engineering applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-8977</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-4208</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2008427</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITPDE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Actuators ; Applied sciences ; Computer science; control theory; systems ; Control theory. Systems ; Cutting ; Direct current ; Direct current networks ; Electric field measurement ; electric fields ; Electric power generation ; Electric variables measurement ; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering ; Electrical machines ; Electrical power engineering ; Electrodes ; Exact sciences and technology ; Micromachining ; Micromechanics ; Milling machines ; Mills ; Miscellaneous ; Power engineering ; Power measurement ; Power networks and lines ; Power system measurements ; Robotics ; Sensor phenomena and characterization ; Sensor systems ; Sensors ; Shutters</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on power delivery, 2009-07, Vol.24 (3), p.988-995</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-6932d1e61bdbf30574c4a07e06061086bb6b84b15d5fee2c5ae17acac002bd4f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-6932d1e61bdbf30574c4a07e06061086bb6b84b15d5fee2c5ae17acac002bd4f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4915795$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27923,27924,54757</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4915795$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21713278$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wijeweera, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bahreyni, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shafai, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajapakse, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swatek, D.R.</creatorcontrib><title>Micromachined Electric-Field Sensor to Measure AC and DC Fields in Power Systems</title><title>IEEE transactions on power delivery</title><addtitle>TPWRD</addtitle><description>This paper describes a new type of electric-field sensor that has been fabricated using micromachining technology. This micromachined sensor is dramatically smaller than conventional field mills, possessing a field chopping shutter measuring only 1 mm 2 . The shutter is moved using thermal actuators, thereby eliminating the wear and tear associated with rotating and moving elements of field mills. The sensor requires minimal operating power, with the shutter being driven by a 75-mV drive signal while consuming only 70 muW. The field chopping shutter operates at ~ 4200 Hz, enabling the measurement of both ac and dc fields. Two sets of sense electrodes enable differential field measurements and, therefore, do not require a reference ground potential. The sensor has a linear response to the electric-field amplitude and has demonstrated that it is capable of measuring a dc field as small as 42 V/m. This miniature sensor is the smallest sensor with such a resolution for use in power engineering applications.</description><subject>Actuators</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Computer science; control theory; systems</subject><subject>Control theory. Systems</subject><subject>Cutting</subject><subject>Direct current</subject><subject>Direct current networks</subject><subject>Electric field measurement</subject><subject>electric fields</subject><subject>Electric power generation</subject><subject>Electric variables measurement</subject><subject>Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering</subject><subject>Electrical machines</subject><subject>Electrical power engineering</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Micromachining</subject><subject>Micromechanics</subject><subject>Milling machines</subject><subject>Mills</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Power engineering</subject><subject>Power measurement</subject><subject>Power networks and lines</subject><subject>Power system measurements</subject><subject>Robotics</subject><subject>Sensor phenomena and characterization</subject><subject>Sensor systems</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Shutters</subject><issn>0885-8977</issn><issn>1937-4208</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1rGzEQBmBRUqiT9A-0F1FIclpn9K09BidOCwk1sUuPQqudpTLr3VRaU_Lvu7GNDznkojnomWGkl5AvDKaMQXm9Wvx-up1yALs7JDcfyISVwhSSgz0hE7BWFbY05hM5zXkNABJKmJDFYwyp3_jwJ3ZY07sWw5BiKOYR25ousct9okNPH9HnbUJ6M6O-q-ntjO5EprGji_4fJrp8yQNu8jn52Pg24-dDPSO_5ner2ffi4ef9j9nNQxGk0EOhS8FrhppVddUIUEYG6cEgaNAMrK4qXVlZMVWrBpEH5ZEZH3wA4FUtG3FGrvZzn1P_d4t5cJuYA7at77DfZmeNAqaENqO8fFcKLcS4gR7htzdw3W9TN77CWWW1MWDEiPgejd-Wc8LGPae48enFMXCvWbhdFu41BnfIYmy6OEz2Ofi2Sb4LMR87OTNMcGNH93XvIiIer2XJlCmV-A-1_ZCf</recordid><startdate>20090701</startdate><enddate>20090701</enddate><creator>Wijeweera, G.</creator><creator>Bahreyni, B.</creator><creator>Shafai, C.</creator><creator>Rajapakse, A.</creator><creator>Swatek, D.R.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090701</creationdate><title>Micromachined Electric-Field Sensor to Measure AC and DC Fields in Power Systems</title><author>Wijeweera, G. ; Bahreyni, B. ; Shafai, C. ; Rajapakse, A. ; Swatek, D.R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c436t-6932d1e61bdbf30574c4a07e06061086bb6b84b15d5fee2c5ae17acac002bd4f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Actuators</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Computer science; control theory; systems</topic><topic>Control theory. Systems</topic><topic>Cutting</topic><topic>Direct current</topic><topic>Direct current networks</topic><topic>Electric field measurement</topic><topic>electric fields</topic><topic>Electric power generation</topic><topic>Electric variables measurement</topic><topic>Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering</topic><topic>Electrical machines</topic><topic>Electrical power engineering</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Micromachining</topic><topic>Micromechanics</topic><topic>Milling machines</topic><topic>Mills</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Power engineering</topic><topic>Power measurement</topic><topic>Power networks and lines</topic><topic>Power system measurements</topic><topic>Robotics</topic><topic>Sensor phenomena and characterization</topic><topic>Sensor systems</topic><topic>Sensors</topic><topic>Shutters</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wijeweera, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bahreyni, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shafai, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rajapakse, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swatek, D.R.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power delivery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wijeweera, G.</au><au>Bahreyni, B.</au><au>Shafai, C.</au><au>Rajapakse, A.</au><au>Swatek, D.R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Micromachined Electric-Field Sensor to Measure AC and DC Fields in Power Systems</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on power delivery</jtitle><stitle>TPWRD</stitle><date>2009-07-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>988</spage><epage>995</epage><pages>988-995</pages><issn>0885-8977</issn><eissn>1937-4208</eissn><coden>ITPDE5</coden><abstract>This paper describes a new type of electric-field sensor that has been fabricated using micromachining technology. This micromachined sensor is dramatically smaller than conventional field mills, possessing a field chopping shutter measuring only 1 mm 2 . The shutter is moved using thermal actuators, thereby eliminating the wear and tear associated with rotating and moving elements of field mills. The sensor requires minimal operating power, with the shutter being driven by a 75-mV drive signal while consuming only 70 muW. The field chopping shutter operates at ~ 4200 Hz, enabling the measurement of both ac and dc fields. Two sets of sense electrodes enable differential field measurements and, therefore, do not require a reference ground potential. The sensor has a linear response to the electric-field amplitude and has demonstrated that it is capable of measuring a dc field as small as 42 V/m. This miniature sensor is the smallest sensor with such a resolution for use in power engineering applications.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2008427</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | IEEE Xplore |
| subjects | Actuators Applied sciences Computer science control theory systems Control theory. Systems Cutting Direct current Direct current networks Electric field measurement electric fields Electric power generation Electric variables measurement Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering Electrical machines Electrical power engineering Electrodes Exact sciences and technology Micromachining Micromechanics Milling machines Mills Miscellaneous Power engineering Power measurement Power networks and lines Power system measurements Robotics Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems Sensors Shutters |
| title | Micromachined Electric-Field Sensor to Measure AC and DC Fields in Power Systems |
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