Sublethal effects of subacute exposure to RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were orally exposed via gavage to 0, 0.5, 3, 8, 12, or 17 mg/kg of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in corn oil daily for 14 d to evaluate sublethal effects of this explosive in birds. Mortality occurred at a rates of 100, 67, and 25% for the 17, 12, and 8...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology and chemistry 2009-06, Vol.28 (6), p.1266-1270 |
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| creator | Quinn, Michael J. Jr Bazar, Matthew A McFarland, Craig A Perkins, Edward J Gust, Kurt A Johnson, Mark S |
| description | Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were orally exposed via gavage to 0, 0.5, 3, 8, 12, or 17 mg/kg of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in corn oil daily for 14 d to evaluate sublethal effects of this explosive in birds. Mortality occurred at a rates of 100, 67, and 25% for the 17, 12, and 8 mg/kg/d dose groups, respectively. Death was preceded by clonic and tonic convulsions and weight loss caused by gastrointestinal effects. Increases in serum globulin and total leukocytes were observed in the two highest-dose groups. Degeneration of testicular and splenic tissue also was observed. The no-observed-adverse-effects and lowest-observed-adverse-effects levels were determined as 3.0 and 8.0 mg/kg/d, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1897/08-418.1 |
| format | Article |
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Jr ; Bazar, Matthew A ; McFarland, Craig A ; Perkins, Edward J ; Gust, Kurt A ; Johnson, Mark S</creator><creatorcontrib>Quinn, Michael J. Jr ; Bazar, Matthew A ; McFarland, Craig A ; Perkins, Edward J ; Gust, Kurt A ; Johnson, Mark S</creatorcontrib><description>Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were orally exposed via gavage to 0, 0.5, 3, 8, 12, or 17 mg/kg of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in corn oil daily for 14 d to evaluate sublethal effects of this explosive in birds. Mortality occurred at a rates of 100, 67, and 25% for the 17, 12, and 8 mg/kg/d dose groups, respectively. Death was preceded by clonic and tonic convulsions and weight loss caused by gastrointestinal effects. Increases in serum globulin and total leukocytes were observed in the two highest-dose groups. Degeneration of testicular and splenic tissue also was observed. The no-observed-adverse-effects and lowest-observed-adverse-effects levels were determined as 3.0 and 8.0 mg/kg/d, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0730-7268</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-8618</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1897/08-418.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19173548</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken: Wiley Periodicals, Inc</publisher><subject>1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine ; 5-triazine ; 5-trinitro-1 ; Animals ; Armed forces ; Birds ; Colinus ; Colinus virginianus ; Digestive system ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Explosive ; Explosive Agents - pharmacokinetics ; Explosive Agents - toxicity ; explosives ; globulins ; Health promotion ; Hematology ; histopathology ; leukocytes ; Management decisions ; mortality ; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level ; Northern bobwhite ; Oils & fats ; oral administration ; Plasma ; pollutants ; Preventive medicine ; Ratios ; RDX ; RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine) ; Risk assessment ; Soil Pollutants - pharmacokinetics ; Soil Pollutants - toxicity ; spleen ; Studies ; Sublethal effects ; Surface water ; testes ; Tissue Distribution ; Triazines - pharmacokinetics ; Triazines - toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - pharmacokinetics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity ; wild birds</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2009-06, Vol.28 (6), p.1266-1270</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2009 SETAC</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Publishing Services Jun 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4777-d949b9f9564e79742781ce259e8bf4d004a5abe9d3c823ea48b64b4d541093923</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4777-d949b9f9564e79742781ce259e8bf4d004a5abe9d3c823ea48b64b4d541093923</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1897%2F08-418.1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1897%2F08-418.1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19173548$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Quinn, Michael J. Jr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bazar, Matthew A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McFarland, Craig A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perkins, Edward J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gust, Kurt A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Mark S</creatorcontrib><title>Sublethal effects of subacute exposure to RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)</title><title>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</title><addtitle>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</addtitle><description>Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were orally exposed via gavage to 0, 0.5, 3, 8, 12, or 17 mg/kg of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in corn oil daily for 14 d to evaluate sublethal effects of this explosive in birds. Mortality occurred at a rates of 100, 67, and 25% for the 17, 12, and 8 mg/kg/d dose groups, respectively. Death was preceded by clonic and tonic convulsions and weight loss caused by gastrointestinal effects. Increases in serum globulin and total leukocytes were observed in the two highest-dose groups. Degeneration of testicular and splenic tissue also was observed. The no-observed-adverse-effects and lowest-observed-adverse-effects levels were determined as 3.0 and 8.0 mg/kg/d, respectively.</description><subject>1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine</subject><subject>5-triazine</subject><subject>5-trinitro-1</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Armed forces</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Colinus</subject><subject>Colinus virginianus</subject><subject>Digestive system</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Explosive</subject><subject>Explosive Agents - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Explosive Agents - toxicity</subject><subject>explosives</subject><subject>globulins</subject><subject>Health promotion</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>histopathology</subject><subject>leukocytes</subject><subject>Management decisions</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level</subject><subject>Northern bobwhite</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>oral administration</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>pollutants</subject><subject>Preventive medicine</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>RDX</subject><subject>RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine)</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - toxicity</subject><subject>spleen</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sublethal effects</subject><subject>Surface water</subject><subject>testes</subject><subject>Tissue Distribution</subject><subject>Triazines - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Triazines - toxicity</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity</subject><subject>wild birds</subject><issn>0730-7268</issn><issn>1552-8618</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEUhoModrsK_gINXpQtdGpOPibJpa5ahaWCtda7kJnNdNPOTtZkxrbijzfLLBUEkXNxTuB5HwgvQs-AHIPS8hVRBQd1DA_QBISghSpBPUQTIhkpJC3VHtpP6YoQKLXWj9EeaJBMcDVBv86GqnX9yrbYNY2r-4RDg9NQ2XroHXa3m5CG6HAf8Oe33_AMjtiRKProO9_HUNw_7U_fuUPsO9yvHO5CzCt2uArVzcpn0WweWt8NCf_w8TKHbb4Pn6BHjW2Te7rbU3T-_t2X-Ydi8enk4_z1oqi5lLJYaq4r3WhRcie15FQqqB0V2qmq4UtCuBW2cnrJakWZs1xVJa_4UnAgmmnKpuhg9G5i-D641Ju1T7VrW9u5MCTDSgoC1P9BCqCJ0JDBl3-BV2GIXf5EZghjTMmtbTZCdQwpRdeYTfRrG-8MELPtzRBlcm9m63u-8w3V2i3_gLuiMsBG4Ma37u6fIpMZUVJCFSlzcoqKMeVT727vUzZem1IyKczF6Yn5uji9gDdcmC3_YuQbG4y9jD6Z8zNKgBGQVORhvwFkVbcS</recordid><startdate>200906</startdate><enddate>200906</enddate><creator>Quinn, Michael J. 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Jr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bazar, Matthew A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McFarland, Craig A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perkins, Edward J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gust, Kurt A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Mark S</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Quinn, Michael J. Jr</au><au>Bazar, Matthew A</au><au>McFarland, Craig A</au><au>Perkins, Edward J</au><au>Gust, Kurt A</au><au>Johnson, Mark S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sublethal effects of subacute exposure to RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry</addtitle><date>2009-06</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1266</spage><epage>1270</epage><pages>1266-1270</pages><issn>0730-7268</issn><eissn>1552-8618</eissn><abstract>Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were orally exposed via gavage to 0, 0.5, 3, 8, 12, or 17 mg/kg of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in corn oil daily for 14 d to evaluate sublethal effects of this explosive in birds. Mortality occurred at a rates of 100, 67, and 25% for the 17, 12, and 8 mg/kg/d dose groups, respectively. Death was preceded by clonic and tonic convulsions and weight loss caused by gastrointestinal effects. Increases in serum globulin and total leukocytes were observed in the two highest-dose groups. Degeneration of testicular and splenic tissue also was observed. The no-observed-adverse-effects and lowest-observed-adverse-effects levels were determined as 3.0 and 8.0 mg/kg/d, respectively.</abstract><cop>Hoboken</cop><pub>Wiley Periodicals, Inc</pub><pmid>19173548</pmid><doi>10.1897/08-418.1</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2009-06, Vol.28 (6), p.1266-1270 |
| issn | 0730-7268 1552-8618 |
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| subjects | 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine 5-triazine 5-trinitro-1 Animals Armed forces Birds Colinus Colinus virginianus Digestive system Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Explosive Explosive Agents - pharmacokinetics Explosive Agents - toxicity explosives globulins Health promotion Hematology histopathology leukocytes Management decisions mortality No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level Northern bobwhite Oils & fats oral administration Plasma pollutants Preventive medicine Ratios RDX RDX (1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine) Risk assessment Soil Pollutants - pharmacokinetics Soil Pollutants - toxicity spleen Studies Sublethal effects Surface water testes Tissue Distribution Triazines - pharmacokinetics Triazines - toxicity Water Pollutants, Chemical - pharmacokinetics Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity wild birds |
| title | Sublethal effects of subacute exposure to RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) |
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