Characterization of phosphogypsum wastes associated with phosphoric acid and fertilizers production
The present work is directed to characterize the phosphogypsum (PG) wastes associated with phosphoric acid produced by the wet process in industrial facility for the production of fertilizers and chemicals in Egypt. The PG waste samples were characterized in terms of spectroscopic analysis (X-ray di...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of environmental radioactivity 2009-05, Vol.100 (5), p.407-412 |
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| creator | El Afifi, E.M. Hilal, M.A. Attallah, M.F. EL-Reefy, S.A. |
| description | The present work is directed to characterize the phosphogypsum (PG) wastes associated with phosphoric acid produced by the wet process in industrial facility for the production of fertilizers and chemicals in Egypt. The PG waste samples were characterized in terms of spectroscopic analysis (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, IR spectra) and radiometric analysis (γ- and α-measurements). The γ-ray measurements showed that the average activity concentrations are 140
±
12.6, 459
±
36.7, 323
±
28.4, 8.3
±
0.76 and 64.3
±
4.1
Bq/kg for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232 and K-40, respectively. The α-particle measurements of uranium isotopes showed that the average activity concentrations of U-238, U-235 and U-234 were 153
±
9.8, 7
±
0.38, 152
±
10.4
Bq/kg, respectively. The average radiochemical recovery (%) of the destructive α-particle measurements is ∼70% with a resolution (FWHM) of ∼30
keV. Activity ratios of U-238/Ra-226 and U-238/Pb-210 were less than unity (i.e.,
370
Bq/kg), total absorbed gamma dose rate (
D
γr
>
5
nGy/h) and radon emanation fraction (Rn-EF
>
20%). Uncertainty of the sample counting was 95% confidence level of
σ. The results indicated the necessity to find suitable routes to decrease and/or redistribute the radionuclide of environmental interest (i.e., Ra-226) in PG wastes, consequently to reduce its radiation impacts in the surrounding environment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.01.005 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_34728180</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0265931X09000174</els_id><sourcerecordid>20750905</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c194829b99ca21fae47cbb38125fbe23f1c800d94460546e64fce232700779bb3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0U1v1DAQBmALgehS-AmgXEBcEma8SWyfEFrxUalSL0XiZjmTCetVNlnspFX76-tlA9zowbI0ejxj-xXiNUKBgPWHXbHj4Sa4tpAApgAsAKonYoVamRwVwFOxAllXuVnjjzPxIsYdQKpr-VycoZFK1hpXgjZbFxxNHPy9m_w4ZGOXHbZjTOvn3SHO--zWxYlj5mIcybuJ2-zWT9s_KHjKHPk2c0ObdRwm3_t7DjE7hLGd6djypXjWuT7yq2U_F9-_fL7efMsvr75ebD5d5lRqPeWEptTSNMaQk9g5LhU1zVqjrLqG5bpD0gCtKcsaqrLmuuwolWV6q1ImyXPx7tQ3jf41c5zs3kfivncDj3O061JJjRoehRJUBQaqBN__F6JSCmVdqiOtTpTCGGPgzh6C37twZxHsMTG7s0ti9piYBbTwe8SbZcTc7Ln9d2qJKIG3C3CRXN8FN5CPf53ECmqDMrmPJ8fpi288BxvJ80Dc-sA02Xb0j1zlAXgFuF4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777126475</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Characterization of phosphogypsum wastes associated with phosphoric acid and fertilizers production</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>El Afifi, E.M. ; Hilal, M.A. ; Attallah, M.F. ; EL-Reefy, S.A.</creator><creatorcontrib>El Afifi, E.M. ; Hilal, M.A. ; Attallah, M.F. ; EL-Reefy, S.A.</creatorcontrib><description>The present work is directed to characterize the phosphogypsum (PG) wastes associated with phosphoric acid produced by the wet process in industrial facility for the production of fertilizers and chemicals in Egypt. The PG waste samples were characterized in terms of spectroscopic analysis (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, IR spectra) and radiometric analysis (γ- and α-measurements). The γ-ray measurements showed that the average activity concentrations are 140
±
12.6, 459
±
36.7, 323
±
28.4, 8.3
±
0.76 and 64.3
±
4.1
Bq/kg for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232 and K-40, respectively. The α-particle measurements of uranium isotopes showed that the average activity concentrations of U-238, U-235 and U-234 were 153
±
9.8, 7
±
0.38, 152
±
10.4
Bq/kg, respectively. The average radiochemical recovery (%) of the destructive α-particle measurements is ∼70% with a resolution (FWHM) of ∼30
keV. Activity ratios of U-238/Ra-226 and U-238/Pb-210 were less than unity (i.e., <1) and equal to 0.31
±
0.02 and 0.47
±
0.16, respectively. The isotopic ratios of U-238/U-235 and U-238/U-234 (in PG and PR samples) were close to the normal values of ∼21.7 and ∼1, respectively and are not affected by the wet processing of phosphate rock (PR). The obtained results of PG waste samples were compared with phosphate rock (PR) samples. The radiation hazard indices are namely, radium activity index (Ra-Eq
>
370
Bq/kg), total absorbed gamma dose rate (
D
γr
>
5
nGy/h) and radon emanation fraction (Rn-EF
>
20%). Uncertainty of the sample counting was 95% confidence level of
σ. The results indicated the necessity to find suitable routes to decrease and/or redistribute the radionuclide of environmental interest (i.e., Ra-226) in PG wastes, consequently to reduce its radiation impacts in the surrounding environment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0265-931X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1700</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.01.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19272681</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JERAEE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Calcium Sulfate - analysis ; Confidence intervals ; Egypt ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fertilizers ; Fertilizers - analysis ; Lead (metal) ; NORM and TE-NORM ; PG waste ; Phosphates ; Phosphoric Acids ; Phosphorus - analysis ; Pollution ; Radiation hazard indices ; Radiation Monitoring - methods ; Radiation Monitoring - statistics & numerical data ; Radioactive wastes ; Rock ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ; Waste Products - analysis ; Wastes ; X-Ray Diffraction ; X-rays ; XRF and XRD measurements ; α- and γ-measurements</subject><ispartof>Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2009-05, Vol.100 (5), p.407-412</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c194829b99ca21fae47cbb38125fbe23f1c800d94460546e64fce232700779bb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c194829b99ca21fae47cbb38125fbe23f1c800d94460546e64fce232700779bb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X09000174$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21506912$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19272681$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>El Afifi, E.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilal, M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Attallah, M.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>EL-Reefy, S.A.</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of phosphogypsum wastes associated with phosphoric acid and fertilizers production</title><title>Journal of environmental radioactivity</title><addtitle>J Environ Radioact</addtitle><description>The present work is directed to characterize the phosphogypsum (PG) wastes associated with phosphoric acid produced by the wet process in industrial facility for the production of fertilizers and chemicals in Egypt. The PG waste samples were characterized in terms of spectroscopic analysis (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, IR spectra) and radiometric analysis (γ- and α-measurements). The γ-ray measurements showed that the average activity concentrations are 140
±
12.6, 459
±
36.7, 323
±
28.4, 8.3
±
0.76 and 64.3
±
4.1
Bq/kg for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232 and K-40, respectively. The α-particle measurements of uranium isotopes showed that the average activity concentrations of U-238, U-235 and U-234 were 153
±
9.8, 7
±
0.38, 152
±
10.4
Bq/kg, respectively. The average radiochemical recovery (%) of the destructive α-particle measurements is ∼70% with a resolution (FWHM) of ∼30
keV. Activity ratios of U-238/Ra-226 and U-238/Pb-210 were less than unity (i.e., <1) and equal to 0.31
±
0.02 and 0.47
±
0.16, respectively. The isotopic ratios of U-238/U-235 and U-238/U-234 (in PG and PR samples) were close to the normal values of ∼21.7 and ∼1, respectively and are not affected by the wet processing of phosphate rock (PR). The obtained results of PG waste samples were compared with phosphate rock (PR) samples. The radiation hazard indices are namely, radium activity index (Ra-Eq
>
370
Bq/kg), total absorbed gamma dose rate (
D
γr
>
5
nGy/h) and radon emanation fraction (Rn-EF
>
20%). Uncertainty of the sample counting was 95% confidence level of
σ. The results indicated the necessity to find suitable routes to decrease and/or redistribute the radionuclide of environmental interest (i.e., Ra-226) in PG wastes, consequently to reduce its radiation impacts in the surrounding environment.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Calcium Sulfate - analysis</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Egypt</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Fertilizers - analysis</subject><subject>Lead (metal)</subject><subject>NORM and TE-NORM</subject><subject>PG waste</subject><subject>Phosphates</subject><subject>Phosphoric Acids</subject><subject>Phosphorus - analysis</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Radiation hazard indices</subject><subject>Radiation Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Radiation Monitoring - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Radioactive wastes</subject><subject>Rock</subject><subject>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</subject><subject>Waste Products - analysis</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>X-Ray Diffraction</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><subject>XRF and XRD measurements</subject><subject>α- and γ-measurements</subject><issn>0265-931X</issn><issn>1879-1700</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1v1DAQBmALgehS-AmgXEBcEma8SWyfEFrxUalSL0XiZjmTCetVNlnspFX76-tlA9zowbI0ejxj-xXiNUKBgPWHXbHj4Sa4tpAApgAsAKonYoVamRwVwFOxAllXuVnjjzPxIsYdQKpr-VycoZFK1hpXgjZbFxxNHPy9m_w4ZGOXHbZjTOvn3SHO--zWxYlj5mIcybuJ2-zWT9s_KHjKHPk2c0ObdRwm3_t7DjE7hLGd6djypXjWuT7yq2U_F9-_fL7efMsvr75ebD5d5lRqPeWEptTSNMaQk9g5LhU1zVqjrLqG5bpD0gCtKcsaqrLmuuwolWV6q1ImyXPx7tQ3jf41c5zs3kfivncDj3O061JJjRoehRJUBQaqBN__F6JSCmVdqiOtTpTCGGPgzh6C37twZxHsMTG7s0ti9piYBbTwe8SbZcTc7Ln9d2qJKIG3C3CRXN8FN5CPf53ECmqDMrmPJ8fpi288BxvJ80Dc-sA02Xb0j1zlAXgFuF4</recordid><startdate>20090501</startdate><enddate>20090501</enddate><creator>El Afifi, E.M.</creator><creator>Hilal, M.A.</creator><creator>Attallah, M.F.</creator><creator>EL-Reefy, S.A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090501</creationdate><title>Characterization of phosphogypsum wastes associated with phosphoric acid and fertilizers production</title><author>El Afifi, E.M. ; Hilal, M.A. ; Attallah, M.F. ; EL-Reefy, S.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c488t-c194829b99ca21fae47cbb38125fbe23f1c800d94460546e64fce232700779bb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Calcium Sulfate - analysis</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Egypt</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Fertilizers - analysis</topic><topic>Lead (metal)</topic><topic>NORM and TE-NORM</topic><topic>PG waste</topic><topic>Phosphates</topic><topic>Phosphoric Acids</topic><topic>Phosphorus - analysis</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Radiation hazard indices</topic><topic>Radiation Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Radiation Monitoring - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Radioactive wastes</topic><topic>Rock</topic><topic>Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission</topic><topic>Waste Products - analysis</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>X-Ray Diffraction</topic><topic>X-rays</topic><topic>XRF and XRD measurements</topic><topic>α- and γ-measurements</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>El Afifi, E.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilal, M.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Attallah, M.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>EL-Reefy, S.A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of environmental radioactivity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>El Afifi, E.M.</au><au>Hilal, M.A.</au><au>Attallah, M.F.</au><au>EL-Reefy, S.A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of phosphogypsum wastes associated with phosphoric acid and fertilizers production</atitle><jtitle>Journal of environmental radioactivity</jtitle><addtitle>J Environ Radioact</addtitle><date>2009-05-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>407</spage><epage>412</epage><pages>407-412</pages><issn>0265-931X</issn><eissn>1879-1700</eissn><coden>JERAEE</coden><abstract>The present work is directed to characterize the phosphogypsum (PG) wastes associated with phosphoric acid produced by the wet process in industrial facility for the production of fertilizers and chemicals in Egypt. The PG waste samples were characterized in terms of spectroscopic analysis (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, IR spectra) and radiometric analysis (γ- and α-measurements). The γ-ray measurements showed that the average activity concentrations are 140
±
12.6, 459
±
36.7, 323
±
28.4, 8.3
±
0.76 and 64.3
±
4.1
Bq/kg for U-238, Ra-226, Pb-210, Th-232 and K-40, respectively. The α-particle measurements of uranium isotopes showed that the average activity concentrations of U-238, U-235 and U-234 were 153
±
9.8, 7
±
0.38, 152
±
10.4
Bq/kg, respectively. The average radiochemical recovery (%) of the destructive α-particle measurements is ∼70% with a resolution (FWHM) of ∼30
keV. Activity ratios of U-238/Ra-226 and U-238/Pb-210 were less than unity (i.e., <1) and equal to 0.31
±
0.02 and 0.47
±
0.16, respectively. The isotopic ratios of U-238/U-235 and U-238/U-234 (in PG and PR samples) were close to the normal values of ∼21.7 and ∼1, respectively and are not affected by the wet processing of phosphate rock (PR). The obtained results of PG waste samples were compared with phosphate rock (PR) samples. The radiation hazard indices are namely, radium activity index (Ra-Eq
>
370
Bq/kg), total absorbed gamma dose rate (
D
γr
>
5
nGy/h) and radon emanation fraction (Rn-EF
>
20%). Uncertainty of the sample counting was 95% confidence level of
σ. The results indicated the necessity to find suitable routes to decrease and/or redistribute the radionuclide of environmental interest (i.e., Ra-226) in PG wastes, consequently to reduce its radiation impacts in the surrounding environment.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19272681</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.01.005</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of environmental radioactivity, 2009-05, Vol.100 (5), p.407-412 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Applied sciences Calcium Sulfate - analysis Confidence intervals Egypt Exact sciences and technology Fertilizers Fertilizers - analysis Lead (metal) NORM and TE-NORM PG waste Phosphates Phosphoric Acids Phosphorus - analysis Pollution Radiation hazard indices Radiation Monitoring - methods Radiation Monitoring - statistics & numerical data Radioactive wastes Rock Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission Waste Products - analysis Wastes X-Ray Diffraction X-rays XRF and XRD measurements α- and γ-measurements |
| title | Characterization of phosphogypsum wastes associated with phosphoric acid and fertilizers production |
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