Assessment of toxic metals in raw and processed milk samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer
Milk and dairy products have been recognized all over the world for their beneficial influence on human health. The levels of toxic metals (TMs) are an important component of safety and quality of milk. A simple and efficient microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the dete...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2009-09, Vol.47 (9), p.2163-2169 |
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| container_title | Food and chemical toxicology |
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| creator | Kazi, Tasneem Gul Jalbani, Nusrat Baig, Jameel Ahmed Kandhro, Ghulam Abbas Afridi, Hassan Imran Arain, Mohammad Balal Jamali, Mohammad Khan Shah, Abdul Qadir |
| description | Milk and dairy products have been recognized all over the world for their beneficial influence on human health. The levels of toxic metals (TMs) are an important component of safety and quality of milk. A simple and efficient microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the determination of TMs (Al, Cd, Ni and Pb), in raw and processed milk samples. A Plackett–Burman experimental design and 23+star central composite design, were applied in order to determine the optimum conditions for MAE. Concentrations of TMs were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by standard addition method and conventional wet acid digestion method (CDM), for comparative purpose. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05), when comparing the values obtained by the proposed MAE method and CDM (paired t-test). The average relative standard deviation of the MAE method varied between 4.3% and 7.6% based on analyte (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of understudy TMs in milk samples. The results of raw and processed milk indicated that environmental conditions and manufacturing processes play a key role in the distribution of toxic metals in raw and processed milk. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.035 |
| format | Article |
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The levels of toxic metals (TMs) are an important component of safety and quality of milk. A simple and efficient microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the determination of TMs (Al, Cd, Ni and Pb), in raw and processed milk samples. A Plackett–Burman experimental design and 23+star central composite design, were applied in order to determine the optimum conditions for MAE. Concentrations of TMs were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by standard addition method and conventional wet acid digestion method (CDM), for comparative purpose. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05), when comparing the values obtained by the proposed MAE method and CDM (paired t-test). The average relative standard deviation of the MAE method varied between 4.3% and 7.6% based on analyte (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of understudy TMs in milk samples. The results of raw and processed milk indicated that environmental conditions and manufacturing processes play a key role in the distribution of toxic metals in raw and processed milk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.035</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19500636</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>accuracy ; aluminum ; Aluminum - analysis ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; cadmium ; Cadmium - analysis ; Cattle ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; chemical concentration ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; food analysis ; food contamination ; Food Contamination - analysis ; food processing quality ; lead ; Lead - analysis ; Medical sciences ; Metals and various inorganic compounds ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Microwave ; milk ; Milk - chemistry ; milk composition ; Multivariate ; nickel ; Nickel - analysis ; processed foods ; quantitative analysis ; Raw and processed milk ; raw milk ; spectrophotometers ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic - methods ; Toxic metals ; toxic substances ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2009-09, Vol.47 (9), p.2163-2169</ispartof><rights>2009</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-49e510401f09c5fef3dc44e6b8a60f09a616db18c89d6594b0e2a060ba47c0453</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-49e510401f09c5fef3dc44e6b8a60f09a616db18c89d6594b0e2a060ba47c0453</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691509002658$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21896558$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500636$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kazi, Tasneem Gul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalbani, Nusrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baig, Jameel Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kandhro, Ghulam Abbas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afridi, Hassan Imran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arain, Mohammad Balal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jamali, Mohammad Khan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Abdul Qadir</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of toxic metals in raw and processed milk samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>Milk and dairy products have been recognized all over the world for their beneficial influence on human health. The levels of toxic metals (TMs) are an important component of safety and quality of milk. A simple and efficient microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the determination of TMs (Al, Cd, Ni and Pb), in raw and processed milk samples. A Plackett–Burman experimental design and 23+star central composite design, were applied in order to determine the optimum conditions for MAE. Concentrations of TMs were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by standard addition method and conventional wet acid digestion method (CDM), for comparative purpose. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05), when comparing the values obtained by the proposed MAE method and CDM (paired t-test). The average relative standard deviation of the MAE method varied between 4.3% and 7.6% based on analyte (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of understudy TMs in milk samples. The results of raw and processed milk indicated that environmental conditions and manufacturing processes play a key role in the distribution of toxic metals in raw and processed milk.</description><subject>accuracy</subject><subject>aluminum</subject><subject>Aluminum - analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - analysis</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>chemical concentration</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>food analysis</subject><subject>food contamination</subject><subject>Food Contamination - analysis</subject><subject>food processing quality</subject><subject>lead</subject><subject>Lead - analysis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metals and various inorganic compounds</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Microwave</subject><subject>milk</subject><subject>Milk - chemistry</subject><subject>milk composition</subject><subject>Multivariate</subject><subject>nickel</subject><subject>Nickel - analysis</subject><subject>processed foods</subject><subject>quantitative analysis</subject><subject>Raw and processed milk</subject><subject>raw milk</subject><subject>spectrophotometers</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Atomic - methods</subject><subject>Toxic metals</subject><subject>toxic substances</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU2P1SAUhonROHeu_gA3ysbZtR5aoBBXk4lfySQudNaE0tMZrm2pQP349zLeG93pigSe8_LmPIQ8Y1AzYPLVoR5drhsAXYOooRUPyI6prq1kK9hDsoOmU5XUTJyR85QOANCxTj4mZ0wLANnKHdkuU8KUZlwyDSPN4Yd3dMZsp0T9QqP9Tu0y0DUGVzAc6OynLzTZeZ0w0S355ZbihC7HkO8wznaiNoe5hNg-hbhmHxaa1t_AehfKE2aMT8ijsfyAT0_nnty8ffP56n11_fHdh6vL68px2eWKaxQMOLARtBMjju3gOEfZKyuh3FnJ5NAz5ZQepNC8B2wsSOgt7xxw0e7JxTG39P-6Ycpm9snhNNkFw5ZMy6VSXDb_BRtgWqqysj1hR9DFkFLE0azRzzb-NAzMvRRzMEWKuZdiQJgipcw8P4Vv_YzD34mThQK8PAE2OTuN0S7Opz9cw5SWQqjCvThyow3G3sbC3Hwq1VpgHdNKQCFeHwksW_3mMZrkPC4OBx-LAzME_4-ivwCTvrVO</recordid><startdate>20090901</startdate><enddate>20090901</enddate><creator>Kazi, Tasneem Gul</creator><creator>Jalbani, Nusrat</creator><creator>Baig, Jameel Ahmed</creator><creator>Kandhro, Ghulam Abbas</creator><creator>Afridi, Hassan Imran</creator><creator>Arain, Mohammad Balal</creator><creator>Jamali, Mohammad Khan</creator><creator>Shah, Abdul Qadir</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090901</creationdate><title>Assessment of toxic metals in raw and processed milk samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer</title><author>Kazi, Tasneem Gul ; Jalbani, Nusrat ; Baig, Jameel Ahmed ; Kandhro, Ghulam Abbas ; Afridi, Hassan Imran ; Arain, Mohammad Balal ; Jamali, Mohammad Khan ; Shah, Abdul Qadir</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c467t-49e510401f09c5fef3dc44e6b8a60f09a616db18c89d6594b0e2a060ba47c0453</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>accuracy</topic><topic>aluminum</topic><topic>Aluminum - analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>cadmium</topic><topic>Cadmium - analysis</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>chemical concentration</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>food analysis</topic><topic>food contamination</topic><topic>Food Contamination - analysis</topic><topic>food processing quality</topic><topic>lead</topic><topic>Lead - analysis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metals and various inorganic compounds</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Microwave</topic><topic>milk</topic><topic>Milk - chemistry</topic><topic>milk composition</topic><topic>Multivariate</topic><topic>nickel</topic><topic>Nickel - analysis</topic><topic>processed foods</topic><topic>quantitative analysis</topic><topic>Raw and processed milk</topic><topic>raw milk</topic><topic>spectrophotometers</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry, Atomic - methods</topic><topic>Toxic metals</topic><topic>toxic substances</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kazi, Tasneem Gul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalbani, Nusrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baig, Jameel Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kandhro, Ghulam Abbas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afridi, Hassan Imran</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arain, Mohammad Balal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jamali, Mohammad Khan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shah, Abdul Qadir</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kazi, Tasneem Gul</au><au>Jalbani, Nusrat</au><au>Baig, Jameel Ahmed</au><au>Kandhro, Ghulam Abbas</au><au>Afridi, Hassan Imran</au><au>Arain, Mohammad Balal</au><au>Jamali, Mohammad Khan</au><au>Shah, Abdul Qadir</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of toxic metals in raw and processed milk samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2009-09-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2163</spage><epage>2169</epage><pages>2163-2169</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>Milk and dairy products have been recognized all over the world for their beneficial influence on human health. The levels of toxic metals (TMs) are an important component of safety and quality of milk. A simple and efficient microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the determination of TMs (Al, Cd, Ni and Pb), in raw and processed milk samples. A Plackett–Burman experimental design and 23+star central composite design, were applied in order to determine the optimum conditions for MAE. Concentrations of TMs were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by standard addition method and conventional wet acid digestion method (CDM), for comparative purpose. No significant differences were observed (P>0.05), when comparing the values obtained by the proposed MAE method and CDM (paired t-test). The average relative standard deviation of the MAE method varied between 4.3% and 7.6% based on analyte (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of understudy TMs in milk samples. The results of raw and processed milk indicated that environmental conditions and manufacturing processes play a key role in the distribution of toxic metals in raw and processed milk.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19500636</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.035</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Food and chemical toxicology, 2009-09, Vol.47 (9), p.2163-2169 |
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| subjects | accuracy aluminum Aluminum - analysis Animals Biological and medical sciences cadmium Cadmium - analysis Cattle Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases chemical concentration Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Pollutants - analysis food analysis food contamination Food Contamination - analysis food processing quality lead Lead - analysis Medical sciences Metals and various inorganic compounds Metals, Heavy - analysis Microwave milk Milk - chemistry milk composition Multivariate nickel Nickel - analysis processed foods quantitative analysis Raw and processed milk raw milk spectrophotometers Spectrophotometry, Atomic - methods Toxic metals toxic substances Toxicology |
| title | Assessment of toxic metals in raw and processed milk samples using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer |
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