NMR structure of biosynthetic engineered human insulin monomer B31Lys-B32Arg in water/acetonitrile solution. Comparison with the solution structure of native human insulin monomer

A solution NMR‐derived structure of a new long ‐acting, B31Lys‐B32Arg (LysArg), engineered human insulin monomer, in H2O/CD3CN, 65/35 vol %, pH 3.6, is presented and compared with the available X‐ray structure of a monomer that forms part of a hexamer (Smith, et al., Acta Crystallogr D 2003, 59, 474) and with NMR structure of human insulin in the same solvent (Bocian, et al., J Biomol NMR 2008, 40, 55–64). Detailed analysis using PFGSE NMR (Pulsed Field Gradient Spin Echo NMR) in dilution experiments and CSI analysis prove that the structure is monomeric in the concentration range 0.1–3 mM. The presence of long‐range interstrand NOEs in a studied structure, relevant to the distances found in the crystal structure of the monomer, provides the evidence for conservation of the tertiary structure. Therefore the results suggest that this solvent system is a suitable medium for studying the native conformation of the protein, especially in situations (as found for insulins) in which extensive aggregation renders structure elucidations in water difficult or impossible. Starting from the structures calculated by the program CYANA, two different molecular dynamics (MD) simulated annealing refinement protocols were applied, either using the program AMBER in vacuum (AMBER_VC), or including a generalized Born solvent model (AMBER_GB). Here we present another independent evidence to the one presented recently by us (Bocian et al., J Biomol NMR 2008, 40, 55–64), that in water/acetonitrile solvent detailed structural and dynamic information can be obtained for important proteins that are naturally present as oligomers under native conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 820–830, 2008. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com