Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains
This paper presents the long-term performance of a wide geogrid-reinforced road embankment constructed on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at a freeway extension site 150 km north of Sydney in Australia. The foundation soil and the embankment were instrumented and monitor...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian geotechnical journal 2008-08, Vol.45 (8), p.1073-1091 |
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| container_title | Canadian geotechnical journal |
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| creator | Lo, S. R Mak, J Gnanendran, C. T Zhang, R Manivannan, G |
| description | This paper presents the long-term performance of a wide geogrid-reinforced road embankment constructed on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at a freeway extension site 150 km north of Sydney in Australia. The foundation soil and the embankment were instrumented and monitored for about 400 days for excess pore-water pressure, earth pressure, and reinforcement tension, and for 9 years for displacement profiles. The embankment was constructed in stages and surcharged in an attempt to reduce post-construction settlement. As the embankment width was wide relative to the thickness of the soft clay, the settlement near the centre was modelled by a unit cell analysis. The equivalent horizontal permeability was determined by back analysis of the central zone using the first 12 months of settlement data. All other soil parameters were determined from the laboratory and field testing. The predicted pore-water pressure response over the first 400 days showed reasonable agreement with measured values. The same analysis was then continued to predict settlement over a period of 9 years. The predicted settlement was, however, smaller than the measured value at the centre region of the embankment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1139/T08-037 |
| format | Article |
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R ; Mak, J ; Gnanendran, C. T ; Zhang, R ; Manivannan, G</creator><creatorcontrib>Lo, S. R ; Mak, J ; Gnanendran, C. T ; Zhang, R ; Manivannan, G</creatorcontrib><description>This paper presents the long-term performance of a wide geogrid-reinforced road embankment constructed on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at a freeway extension site 150 km north of Sydney in Australia. The foundation soil and the embankment were instrumented and monitored for about 400 days for excess pore-water pressure, earth pressure, and reinforcement tension, and for 9 years for displacement profiles. The embankment was constructed in stages and surcharged in an attempt to reduce post-construction settlement. As the embankment width was wide relative to the thickness of the soft clay, the settlement near the centre was modelled by a unit cell analysis. The equivalent horizontal permeability was determined by back analysis of the central zone using the first 12 months of settlement data. All other soil parameters were determined from the laboratory and field testing. The predicted pore-water pressure response over the first 400 days showed reasonable agreement with measured values. The same analysis was then continued to predict settlement over a period of 9 years. The predicted settlement was, however, smaller than the measured value at the centre region of the embankment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-3674</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1208-6010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1139/T08-037</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CGJOAH</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ottawa, ON: National Research Council of Canada</publisher><subject>analyse numérique ; argile molle ; Clay ; consolidation ; Dams ; Design and construction ; Drainage ; drains verticaux préfabriqués ; Earth pressure ; Earth sciences ; Earth, ocean, space ; Embankments ; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics ; Engineering geology ; Exact sciences and technology ; Mechanical properties ; mesures ; Methods ; monitoring ; Numerical analysis ; Permeability ; prefabricated vertical drains ; soft clay ; Soils ; Water pressure</subject><ispartof>Canadian geotechnical journal, 2008-08, Vol.45 (8), p.1073-1091</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 NRC Research Press</rights><rights>Copyright National Research Council of Canada Aug 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a605t-d2192f81d0a10bb1ba06a70a5bc4b812aba4a34bf337057deee95c03568d54f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a605t-d2192f81d0a10bb1ba06a70a5bc4b812aba4a34bf337057deee95c03568d54f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/T08-037$$EPDF$$P50$$Gnrcresearch$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/full/10.1139/T08-037$$EHTML$$P50$$Gnrcresearch$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2932,27924,27925,64428,65106</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20680079$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lo, S. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mak, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gnanendran, C. T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manivannan, G</creatorcontrib><title>Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains</title><title>Canadian geotechnical journal</title><addtitle>Revue canadienne de géotechnique</addtitle><description>This paper presents the long-term performance of a wide geogrid-reinforced road embankment constructed on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at a freeway extension site 150 km north of Sydney in Australia. The foundation soil and the embankment were instrumented and monitored for about 400 days for excess pore-water pressure, earth pressure, and reinforcement tension, and for 9 years for displacement profiles. The embankment was constructed in stages and surcharged in an attempt to reduce post-construction settlement. As the embankment width was wide relative to the thickness of the soft clay, the settlement near the centre was modelled by a unit cell analysis. The equivalent horizontal permeability was determined by back analysis of the central zone using the first 12 months of settlement data. All other soil parameters were determined from the laboratory and field testing. The predicted pore-water pressure response over the first 400 days showed reasonable agreement with measured values. The same analysis was then continued to predict settlement over a period of 9 years. The predicted settlement was, however, smaller than the measured value at the centre region of the embankment.</description><subject>analyse numérique</subject><subject>argile molle</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>consolidation</subject><subject>Dams</subject><subject>Design and construction</subject><subject>Drainage</subject><subject>drains verticaux préfabriqués</subject><subject>Earth pressure</subject><subject>Earth sciences</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Embankments</subject><subject>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</subject><subject>Engineering geology</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>mesures</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>Numerical analysis</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>prefabricated vertical drains</subject><subject>soft clay</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Water pressure</subject><issn>0008-3674</issn><issn>1208-6010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqV0l9rFDEQAPBFFKxV_ApBsEVh62Szu9l9LMU_hUNB7z3MZifX1N1km-Sq_fZGrqgnVZE8ZBh-GZLMFMVTDieci_7VGroShLxXHPAqhy1wuF8cAORYtLJ-WDyK8RKA13VVHRR65d2mTBRmtlAwPszoNDFvGLIvdiRG84Du80wuMe9Y9CYxPeENs_MS_DWNWaULtgQyOASrMeXUNYWUw4mNAa2Lj4sHBqdIT273w2L95vX67F25-vD2_Ox0VWILTSrHiveV6fgIyGEY-IDQogRsBl0PHa9wwBpFPRghJDRyJKK-0SCathub2ojD4mhXNl_saksxqdlGTdOEjvw2KlFXQkrg_4QVBwGyrTN89hu89Nvg8huyEaIVfS8zKndogxMp64xPAfWGHAWcvCNjc_qUd00LspP8Z9E9rxd7pX5FJ3egvEaarb6z6ou9A9kk-po2uI1RnX_6-B_2_b493lkdfIy5y2oJdsZwozio7_Om8rypPG9ZPr_9LIy59ybkQbLxB6-g7QBkn93LnXNBB4qEQV_8pejRn3HaIbWMRnwDLFLsCw</recordid><startdate>20080801</startdate><enddate>20080801</enddate><creator>Lo, S. R</creator><creator>Mak, J</creator><creator>Gnanendran, C. T</creator><creator>Zhang, R</creator><creator>Manivannan, G</creator><general>National Research Council of Canada</general><general>NRC Research Press</general><general>Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080801</creationdate><title>Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains</title><author>Lo, S. R ; Mak, J ; Gnanendran, C. T ; Zhang, R ; Manivannan, G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a605t-d2192f81d0a10bb1ba06a70a5bc4b812aba4a34bf337057deee95c03568d54f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>analyse numérique</topic><topic>argile molle</topic><topic>Clay</topic><topic>consolidation</topic><topic>Dams</topic><topic>Design and construction</topic><topic>Drainage</topic><topic>drains verticaux préfabriqués</topic><topic>Earth pressure</topic><topic>Earth sciences</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Embankments</topic><topic>Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics</topic><topic>Engineering geology</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>mesures</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>monitoring</topic><topic>Numerical analysis</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>prefabricated vertical drains</topic><topic>soft clay</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Water pressure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lo, S. R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mak, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gnanendran, C. T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manivannan, G</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Science (Gale in Context)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Canadian geotechnical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lo, S. R</au><au>Mak, J</au><au>Gnanendran, C. T</au><au>Zhang, R</au><au>Manivannan, G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains</atitle><jtitle>Canadian geotechnical journal</jtitle><addtitle>Revue canadienne de géotechnique</addtitle><date>2008-08-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1073</spage><epage>1091</epage><pages>1073-1091</pages><issn>0008-3674</issn><eissn>1208-6010</eissn><coden>CGJOAH</coden><abstract>This paper presents the long-term performance of a wide geogrid-reinforced road embankment constructed on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at a freeway extension site 150 km north of Sydney in Australia. The foundation soil and the embankment were instrumented and monitored for about 400 days for excess pore-water pressure, earth pressure, and reinforcement tension, and for 9 years for displacement profiles. The embankment was constructed in stages and surcharged in an attempt to reduce post-construction settlement. As the embankment width was wide relative to the thickness of the soft clay, the settlement near the centre was modelled by a unit cell analysis. The equivalent horizontal permeability was determined by back analysis of the central zone using the first 12 months of settlement data. All other soil parameters were determined from the laboratory and field testing. The predicted pore-water pressure response over the first 400 days showed reasonable agreement with measured values. The same analysis was then continued to predict settlement over a period of 9 years. The predicted settlement was, however, smaller than the measured value at the centre region of the embankment.</abstract><cop>Ottawa, ON</cop><pub>National Research Council of Canada</pub><doi>10.1139/T08-037</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Canadian geotechnical journal, 2008-08, Vol.45 (8), p.1073-1091 |
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| source | Alma/SFX Local Collection; Canadian Science Publishing |
| subjects | analyse numérique argile molle Clay consolidation Dams Design and construction Drainage drains verticaux préfabriqués Earth pressure Earth sciences Earth, ocean, space Embankments Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics Engineering geology Exact sciences and technology Mechanical properties mesures Methods monitoring Numerical analysis Permeability prefabricated vertical drains soft clay Soils Water pressure |
| title | Long-term performance of a wide embankment on soft clay improved with prefabricated vertical drains |
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