The influence of iron, fluorine and boron implantation on the magnetic properties of graphite
Iron, fluorine and boron ions were implanted into highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The samples were characterized before and after ion implantation as well as after heat treatments in vacuum by measurements of the magnetic moment and element analysis. Whereas the main magnetic contribution...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials 2008-03, Vol.320 (6), p.966-977 |
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| container_title | Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials |
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| creator | Höhne, R. Esquinazi, P. Heera, V. Weishart, H. Setzer, A. Spemann, D. |
| description | Iron, fluorine and boron ions were implanted into highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The samples were characterized before and after ion implantation as well as after heat treatments in vacuum by measurements of the magnetic moment and element analysis. Whereas the main magnetic contribution remains diamagnetic the paramagnetic one clearly increases with implantations and correlates with the amount of implanted ions. It is shown that a large part of the paramagnetic contribution is caused by the structural disorder created by particle bombardment using iron, fluorine or boron. All implanted HOPG samples show practically no change of the small ferromagnetic signal observed in their virgin state. No particular influence of iron on the ferromagnetic properties of HOPG is observed, up to ∼4000
μg/g Fe-concentration in the implanted region. For comparison, ferrous sulphates were added to ultra-clean graphite powder. This iron addition increases the number of paramagnetic spins proportional to the iron content in the untreated samples. In heat-treated samples however, a clear ferromagnetic behaviour is observed due to the formation of a ferromagnetic iron compound. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.09.019 |
| format | Article |
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μg/g Fe-concentration in the implanted region. For comparison, ferrous sulphates were added to ultra-clean graphite powder. This iron addition increases the number of paramagnetic spins proportional to the iron content in the untreated samples. In heat-treated samples however, a clear ferromagnetic behaviour is observed due to the formation of a ferromagnetic iron compound.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0304-8853</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.09.019</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMMMDC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Carbon ; Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties ; Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis ; Exact sciences and technology ; Ferromagnetism ; Graphite ; Ion implantation ; Irradiation effect ; Magnetic properties ; Magnetic properties and materials ; Magnetization curves, magnetization reversal, hysteresis, barkhausen and related effects ; Paramagnetism ; Physics</subject><ispartof>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials, 2008-03, Vol.320 (6), p.966-977</ispartof><rights>2007 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-473ce4d0ddb7db4c3673eb03d52f0e6b5a31c27502de73a7bab0deb8c780638f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-473ce4d0ddb7db4c3673eb03d52f0e6b5a31c27502de73a7bab0deb8c780638f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304885307009122$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20137329$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Höhne, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esquinazi, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heera, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weishart, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Setzer, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spemann, D.</creatorcontrib><title>The influence of iron, fluorine and boron implantation on the magnetic properties of graphite</title><title>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials</title><description>Iron, fluorine and boron ions were implanted into highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The samples were characterized before and after ion implantation as well as after heat treatments in vacuum by measurements of the magnetic moment and element analysis. Whereas the main magnetic contribution remains diamagnetic the paramagnetic one clearly increases with implantations and correlates with the amount of implanted ions. It is shown that a large part of the paramagnetic contribution is caused by the structural disorder created by particle bombardment using iron, fluorine or boron. All implanted HOPG samples show practically no change of the small ferromagnetic signal observed in their virgin state. No particular influence of iron on the ferromagnetic properties of HOPG is observed, up to ∼4000
μg/g Fe-concentration in the implanted region. For comparison, ferrous sulphates were added to ultra-clean graphite powder. This iron addition increases the number of paramagnetic spins proportional to the iron content in the untreated samples. In heat-treated samples however, a clear ferromagnetic behaviour is observed due to the formation of a ferromagnetic iron compound.</description><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</subject><subject>Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Ferromagnetism</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Ion implantation</subject><subject>Irradiation effect</subject><subject>Magnetic properties</subject><subject>Magnetic properties and materials</subject><subject>Magnetization curves, magnetization reversal, hysteresis, barkhausen and related effects</subject><subject>Paramagnetism</subject><subject>Physics</subject><issn>0304-8853</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhnNQcP34A55y0ZOt06RtuuBFFr9gwct6lJAm092UfplkBf-9Kbt4FAJDhvd9Z-Yh5DqDNIOsvG_Ttu_7lAGIFJYpZMsTsgAOeVJVBT8j5963AJDlVbkgn5sdUjs03R4HjXRsqHXjcEdjY3R2QKoGQ-sx9qjtp04NQQUbP_GF6OzVdsBgNZ3cOKELFv2csXVq2tmAl-S0UZ3Hq2O9IB_PT5vVa7J-f3lbPa4TnTMRklxwjbkBY2ph6lzzUnCsgZuCNYBlXSieaSYKYAYFV6JWNRisKy0qKHnV8Atye8iNa3zt0QfZW6-xi_viuPeSMwGMV1UUsoNQu9F7h42cnO2V-5EZyJmebOVMT870JCxlpBdNN8d05bXqGqcGbf2fk0HGBWez7uGgw3jqt0UnvbYzVmMd6iDNaP8b8wvEjYla</recordid><startdate>20080301</startdate><enddate>20080301</enddate><creator>Höhne, R.</creator><creator>Esquinazi, P.</creator><creator>Heera, V.</creator><creator>Weishart, H.</creator><creator>Setzer, A.</creator><creator>Spemann, D.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080301</creationdate><title>The influence of iron, fluorine and boron implantation on the magnetic properties of graphite</title><author>Höhne, R. ; Esquinazi, P. ; Heera, V. ; Weishart, H. ; Setzer, A. ; Spemann, D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-473ce4d0ddb7db4c3673eb03d52f0e6b5a31c27502de73a7bab0deb8c780638f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties</topic><topic>Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Ferromagnetism</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Ion implantation</topic><topic>Irradiation effect</topic><topic>Magnetic properties</topic><topic>Magnetic properties and materials</topic><topic>Magnetization curves, magnetization reversal, hysteresis, barkhausen and related effects</topic><topic>Paramagnetism</topic><topic>Physics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Höhne, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esquinazi, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heera, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weishart, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Setzer, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spemann, D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Höhne, R.</au><au>Esquinazi, P.</au><au>Heera, V.</au><au>Weishart, H.</au><au>Setzer, A.</au><au>Spemann, D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The influence of iron, fluorine and boron implantation on the magnetic properties of graphite</atitle><jtitle>Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials</jtitle><date>2008-03-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>320</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>966</spage><epage>977</epage><pages>966-977</pages><issn>0304-8853</issn><coden>JMMMDC</coden><abstract>Iron, fluorine and boron ions were implanted into highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The samples were characterized before and after ion implantation as well as after heat treatments in vacuum by measurements of the magnetic moment and element analysis. Whereas the main magnetic contribution remains diamagnetic the paramagnetic one clearly increases with implantations and correlates with the amount of implanted ions. It is shown that a large part of the paramagnetic contribution is caused by the structural disorder created by particle bombardment using iron, fluorine or boron. All implanted HOPG samples show practically no change of the small ferromagnetic signal observed in their virgin state. No particular influence of iron on the ferromagnetic properties of HOPG is observed, up to ∼4000
μg/g Fe-concentration in the implanted region. For comparison, ferrous sulphates were added to ultra-clean graphite powder. This iron addition increases the number of paramagnetic spins proportional to the iron content in the untreated samples. In heat-treated samples however, a clear ferromagnetic behaviour is observed due to the formation of a ferromagnetic iron compound.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.09.019</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Carbon Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties Domain effects, magnetization curves, and hysteresis Exact sciences and technology Ferromagnetism Graphite Ion implantation Irradiation effect Magnetic properties Magnetic properties and materials Magnetization curves, magnetization reversal, hysteresis, barkhausen and related effects Paramagnetism Physics |
| title | The influence of iron, fluorine and boron implantation on the magnetic properties of graphite |
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