Evaluation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus as a microbial source tracking marker for human sewage in Thailand
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged as a major plant pathogen with the potential to spread through contaminated wastewater, posing risks to agriculture and public health. This study evaluated ToBRFV as a human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) marker in Thailand, comparing it...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Science of the total environment 2025-02, Vol.963, p.178419, Article 178419 |
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| creator | Paisantham, Phongsawat Theplhar, Supitchaya Srathongneam, Thitima Sresung, Montakarn Mongkolsuk, Skorn Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee |
| description | Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged as a major plant pathogen with the potential to spread through contaminated wastewater, posing risks to agriculture and public health. This study evaluated ToBRFV as a human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) marker in Thailand, comparing its performance to crAssphage. Using qPCR assays, ToBRFV was detected in 62.5 % of building sewage samples (n = 16) and 100.0 % of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent samples (n = 16). Notably, ToBRFV showed minimal cross-detection in non-human fecal samples (35 pooled samples), collected from cows, pigs, chickens, ducks, and goats, with only one detection in a pig fecal-source sample, demonstrating high specificity to human sewage. Concentrations in WWTP influent were significantly higher (mean: 5.19 ± 5.05; range: 3.96–5.62 log10 copies/100 mL) than in building sewage (mean: 4.36 ± 4.40; range: 2.33–4.85 log10 copies/100 mL) (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178419 |
| format | Article |
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•ToBRFV detected in 62.5 % of building sewage and 100 % of WWTP influents•Minimal cross-detection in non-human fecal samples indicates high specificity.•ToBRFV concentrations were significantly lower than crAssphage in building sewage.•This study highlights ToBRFV's potential as a valuable MST marker for human sewage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0048-9697</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1026</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178419</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39824094</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Environmental monitoring ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Fecal pollution ; Human sewage ; Humans ; Microbial source tracking ; Sewage - virology ; Thailand ; Tomato brown rugose fruit virus ; Wastewater ; Wastewater - microbiology ; Wastewater - virology</subject><ispartof>The Science of the total environment, 2025-02, Vol.963, p.178419, Article 178419</ispartof><rights>2025 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1624-b24028c5e5ea45de64be948fb8573e6007b72731da2b0b0c0d3f60013954d5053</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7273-4060</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969725000531$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39824094$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Paisantham, Phongsawat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Theplhar, Supitchaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srathongneam, Thitima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sresung, Montakarn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus as a microbial source tracking marker for human sewage in Thailand</title><title>The Science of the total environment</title><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><description>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged as a major plant pathogen with the potential to spread through contaminated wastewater, posing risks to agriculture and public health. This study evaluated ToBRFV as a human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) marker in Thailand, comparing its performance to crAssphage. Using qPCR assays, ToBRFV was detected in 62.5 % of building sewage samples (n = 16) and 100.0 % of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent samples (n = 16). Notably, ToBRFV showed minimal cross-detection in non-human fecal samples (35 pooled samples), collected from cows, pigs, chickens, ducks, and goats, with only one detection in a pig fecal-source sample, demonstrating high specificity to human sewage. Concentrations in WWTP influent were significantly higher (mean: 5.19 ± 5.05; range: 3.96–5.62 log10 copies/100 mL) than in building sewage (mean: 4.36 ± 4.40; range: 2.33–4.85 log10 copies/100 mL) (p < 0.001). ToBRFV concentrations were significantly lower than crAssphage in building sewage but higher in WWTP influents. Additionally, ToBRFV and crAssphage exhibited moderate correlations in both building sewage and WWTP influent samples. These results suggest that ToBRFV could serve as a valuable MST marker for identifying human contamination in water bodies, complementing established markers. While ToBRFV's broader utility across diverse geographic regions remains to be fully validated, this study highlights its potential as a reliable indicator of human sewage in environmental surveillance.
[Display omitted]
•ToBRFV detected in 62.5 % of building sewage and 100 % of WWTP influents•Minimal cross-detection in non-human fecal samples indicates high specificity.•ToBRFV concentrations were significantly lower than crAssphage in building sewage.•This study highlights ToBRFV's potential as a valuable MST marker for human sewage.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Fecal pollution</subject><subject>Human sewage</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Microbial source tracking</subject><subject>Sewage - virology</subject><subject>Thailand</subject><subject>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Wastewater - microbiology</subject><subject>Wastewater - virology</subject><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE1P4zAQhi3Eains_gXwkUuKndiJfUQIdpGQ9gJny3YmrUsSF38U8e9x1cJ1PZZGGr3z8T4IXVGypIS2N5tltC75BPNuWZOaL2knGJUnaEFFJytK6vYULQhhopKt7M7QeYwbUl4n6E901khRMyLZAm3vd3rMOjk_Yz_g5CedPDbBv8845JWPgIeQXcI7F3LEunw8ORu8cXrE0edgAaeg7aubV3jS4RUCHnzA6zzpGUd41yvAbsbPa-1GPfe_0I9BjxF-H_MFenm4f777Wz39-_N4d_tUWdrWrDLlvlpYDhw04z20zIBkYjCCdw20xYjp6q6hva4NMcSSvhlKlTaSs54T3lyg68PcbfBvGWJSk4sWxnID-BxVQ3krW1GiSLuDtNiKMcCgtsEVKx-KErXHrTbqG7fa41YH3KXz8rgkmwn6774vvkVwexBAsbpzEPaDYLbQuwA2qd67_y75BMcEloE</recordid><startdate>20250201</startdate><enddate>20250201</enddate><creator>Paisantham, Phongsawat</creator><creator>Theplhar, Supitchaya</creator><creator>Srathongneam, Thitima</creator><creator>Sresung, Montakarn</creator><creator>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</creator><creator>Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-4060</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20250201</creationdate><title>Evaluation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus as a microbial source tracking marker for human sewage in Thailand</title><author>Paisantham, Phongsawat ; Theplhar, Supitchaya ; Srathongneam, Thitima ; Sresung, Montakarn ; Mongkolsuk, Skorn ; Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1624-b24028c5e5ea45de64be948fb8573e6007b72731da2b0b0c0d3f60013954d5053</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Fecal pollution</topic><topic>Human sewage</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Microbial source tracking</topic><topic>Sewage - virology</topic><topic>Thailand</topic><topic>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Wastewater - microbiology</topic><topic>Wastewater - virology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Paisantham, Phongsawat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Theplhar, Supitchaya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Srathongneam, Thitima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sresung, Montakarn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Paisantham, Phongsawat</au><au>Theplhar, Supitchaya</au><au>Srathongneam, Thitima</au><au>Sresung, Montakarn</au><au>Mongkolsuk, Skorn</au><au>Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus as a microbial source tracking marker for human sewage in Thailand</atitle><jtitle>The Science of the total environment</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Total Environ</addtitle><date>2025-02-01</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>963</volume><spage>178419</spage><pages>178419-</pages><artnum>178419</artnum><issn>0048-9697</issn><issn>1879-1026</issn><eissn>1879-1026</eissn><abstract>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has emerged as a major plant pathogen with the potential to spread through contaminated wastewater, posing risks to agriculture and public health. This study evaluated ToBRFV as a human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) marker in Thailand, comparing its performance to crAssphage. Using qPCR assays, ToBRFV was detected in 62.5 % of building sewage samples (n = 16) and 100.0 % of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent samples (n = 16). Notably, ToBRFV showed minimal cross-detection in non-human fecal samples (35 pooled samples), collected from cows, pigs, chickens, ducks, and goats, with only one detection in a pig fecal-source sample, demonstrating high specificity to human sewage. Concentrations in WWTP influent were significantly higher (mean: 5.19 ± 5.05; range: 3.96–5.62 log10 copies/100 mL) than in building sewage (mean: 4.36 ± 4.40; range: 2.33–4.85 log10 copies/100 mL) (p < 0.001). ToBRFV concentrations were significantly lower than crAssphage in building sewage but higher in WWTP influents. Additionally, ToBRFV and crAssphage exhibited moderate correlations in both building sewage and WWTP influent samples. These results suggest that ToBRFV could serve as a valuable MST marker for identifying human contamination in water bodies, complementing established markers. While ToBRFV's broader utility across diverse geographic regions remains to be fully validated, this study highlights its potential as a reliable indicator of human sewage in environmental surveillance.
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•ToBRFV detected in 62.5 % of building sewage and 100 % of WWTP influents•Minimal cross-detection in non-human fecal samples indicates high specificity.•ToBRFV concentrations were significantly lower than crAssphage in building sewage.•This study highlights ToBRFV's potential as a valuable MST marker for human sewage.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>39824094</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178419</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-4060</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Environmental monitoring Environmental Monitoring - methods Fecal pollution Human sewage Humans Microbial source tracking Sewage - virology Thailand Tomato brown rugose fruit virus Wastewater Wastewater - microbiology Wastewater - virology |
| title | Evaluation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus as a microbial source tracking marker for human sewage in Thailand |
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