Trends in general practitioner consultations for hand foot and mouth disease in England between 2017 and 2022
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious communicable disease, with a high incidence in children aged under 10 years. It is a mainly self-limiting disease but can also cause serious neurological or cardiopulmonary complications in some cases, which can lead to death. Little is known about...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Epidemiology and infection 2025-01, Vol.153, p.e22, Article e22 |
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| description | Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious communicable disease, with a high incidence in children aged under 10 years. It is a mainly self-limiting disease but can also cause serious neurological or cardiopulmonary complications in some cases, which can lead to death. Little is known about the burden of HMFD on primary care health care services in the UK. The aim of this work was to describe trends in general practitioner (GP) consultations for HFMD in England from January 2017 to December 2022 using a syndromic surveillance network of GPs. Daily GP consultations for HFMD in England were extracted from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. Mean weekly consultation rates per 100,000 population and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Consultation rates and rate ratios (RR) were calculated by age group and sex. During the study period, the mean weekly consultation rate for HFMD (per 100,000 registered GP patients) was 1.53 (range of 0.27 to 2.47). In England, children aged 1–4 years old accounted for the largest affected population followed by children |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S095026882400181X |
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It is a mainly self-limiting disease but can also cause serious neurological or cardiopulmonary complications in some cases, which can lead to death. Little is known about the burden of HMFD on primary care health care services in the UK. The aim of this work was to describe trends in general practitioner (GP) consultations for HFMD in England from January 2017 to December 2022 using a syndromic surveillance network of GPs. Daily GP consultations for HFMD in England were extracted from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. Mean weekly consultation rates per 100,000 population and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Consultation rates and rate ratios (RR) were calculated by age group and sex. During the study period, the mean weekly consultation rate for HFMD (per 100,000 registered GP patients) was 1.53 (range of 0.27 to 2.47). In England, children aged 1–4 years old accounted for the largest affected population followed by children <1 years old. We observed a seasonal pattern of HFMD incidence during the non-COVID years, with a seasonal peak of mean weekly rates between months of September and December. HFMD is typically diagnosed clinically rather than through laboratory sampling. Therefore, the ability to look at the daily HFMD consultation rates provides an excellent epidemiological overview on disease trends. The use of a novel GP-in-hours surveillance system allowed a unique epidemiological insight into the recent trends of general practitioner consultations for HFMD. We demonstrate a male predominance of cases, the impact of the non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and a change in the week in which the peak number of cases happens post-pandemic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-2688</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1469-4409</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-4409</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S095026882400181X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39801026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age groups ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Confidence intervals ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; England - epidemiology ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Foot & mouth disease ; General Practitioners - statistics & numerical data ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - epidemiology ; Hand-foot-and-mouth disease ; Health services ; Health surveillance ; Humans ; Humidity ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Intervention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurological complications ; Neurological disorders ; Original Paper ; Pandemics ; Pathogens ; Primary care ; Public health ; Referral and Consultation - statistics & numerical data ; Referral and Consultation - trends ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; Surveillance systems ; Trends ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Epidemiology and infection, 2025-01, Vol.153, p.e22, Article e22</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), 2025. 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Infect</addtitle><description>Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious communicable disease, with a high incidence in children aged under 10 years. It is a mainly self-limiting disease but can also cause serious neurological or cardiopulmonary complications in some cases, which can lead to death. Little is known about the burden of HMFD on primary care health care services in the UK. The aim of this work was to describe trends in general practitioner (GP) consultations for HFMD in England from January 2017 to December 2022 using a syndromic surveillance network of GPs. Daily GP consultations for HFMD in England were extracted from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. Mean weekly consultation rates per 100,000 population and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Consultation rates and rate ratios (RR) were calculated by age group and sex. During the study period, the mean weekly consultation rate for HFMD (per 100,000 registered GP patients) was 1.53 (range of 0.27 to 2.47). In England, children aged 1–4 years old accounted for the largest affected population followed by children <1 years old. We observed a seasonal pattern of HFMD incidence during the non-COVID years, with a seasonal peak of mean weekly rates between months of September and December. HFMD is typically diagnosed clinically rather than through laboratory sampling. Therefore, the ability to look at the daily HFMD consultation rates provides an excellent epidemiological overview on disease trends. The use of a novel GP-in-hours surveillance system allowed a unique epidemiological insight into the recent trends of general practitioner consultations for HFMD. 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Infect</addtitle><date>2025-01-13</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>153</volume><spage>e22</spage><pages>e22-</pages><artnum>e22</artnum><issn>0950-2688</issn><issn>1469-4409</issn><eissn>1469-4409</eissn><abstract>Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious communicable disease, with a high incidence in children aged under 10 years. It is a mainly self-limiting disease but can also cause serious neurological or cardiopulmonary complications in some cases, which can lead to death. Little is known about the burden of HMFD on primary care health care services in the UK. The aim of this work was to describe trends in general practitioner (GP) consultations for HFMD in England from January 2017 to December 2022 using a syndromic surveillance network of GPs. Daily GP consultations for HFMD in England were extracted from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2022. Mean weekly consultation rates per 100,000 population and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age groups Child Child, Preschool Children Confidence intervals COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology England - epidemiology Epidemics Epidemiology Female Foot & mouth disease General Practitioners - statistics & numerical data Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - epidemiology Hand-foot-and-mouth disease Health services Health surveillance Humans Humidity Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Infectious diseases Intervention Male Middle Aged Neurological complications Neurological disorders Original Paper Pandemics Pathogens Primary care Public health Referral and Consultation - statistics & numerical data Referral and Consultation - trends Seasonal variations Seasons Surveillance systems Trends Young Adult |
| title | Trends in general practitioner consultations for hand foot and mouth disease in England between 2017 and 2022 |
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