Photoexcited Cryptochrome 1 Interacts With SPCHLESS to Regulate Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis
ABSTRACT Stomata are epidermal openings that facilitate plant−atmosphere gas and water exchange during photosynthesis, respiration and water evaporation. SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is a master basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor that determines the initiation of stomatal development. It is kno...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Plant, cell and environment cell and environment, 2025-01, Vol.48 (1), p.286-296 |
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| creator | Chen, Li Cao, Xiaoli Li, Yupeng Liu, Minqing Liu, Yao Guan, Yan Ruan, Jiaqi Mao, Zhilei Wang, Wenxiu Yang, Hong‐Quan Guo, Tongtong |
| description | ABSTRACT
Stomata are epidermal openings that facilitate plant−atmosphere gas and water exchange during photosynthesis, respiration and water evaporation. SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is a master basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor that determines the initiation of stomatal development. It is known that blue light promotes stomatal development through the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2). Whether CRYs regulate stomatal development through directly modulating SPCH is unknown. Here, we demonstrate by biochemical studies that CRY1 physically interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner. Genetic studies show that SPCH acts downstream of CRY1 to promote stomatal development in blue light. Furthermore, we show that CRY1 enhances the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH and promotes the expression of its target genes in blue light. These results suggest that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH, which is likely mediated by blue light‐induced CRY1−SPCH interaction. The precise regulation of SPCH DNA‐binding activity by CRY1 may allow plants to optimize stomatal density and pattern according to ambient light conditions.
Summary statement
Blue light photoreceptor CRY1 directly interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner to promote its DNA‐binding activity, leading to enhanced expression of SPCH‐target genes and eventual stomatal development in Arabidopsis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/pce.15123 |
| format | Article |
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Stomata are epidermal openings that facilitate plant−atmosphere gas and water exchange during photosynthesis, respiration and water evaporation. SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is a master basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor that determines the initiation of stomatal development. It is known that blue light promotes stomatal development through the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2). Whether CRYs regulate stomatal development through directly modulating SPCH is unknown. Here, we demonstrate by biochemical studies that CRY1 physically interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner. Genetic studies show that SPCH acts downstream of CRY1 to promote stomatal development in blue light. Furthermore, we show that CRY1 enhances the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH and promotes the expression of its target genes in blue light. These results suggest that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH, which is likely mediated by blue light‐induced CRY1−SPCH interaction. The precise regulation of SPCH DNA‐binding activity by CRY1 may allow plants to optimize stomatal density and pattern according to ambient light conditions.
Summary statement
Blue light photoreceptor CRY1 directly interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner to promote its DNA‐binding activity, leading to enhanced expression of SPCH‐target genes and eventual stomatal development in Arabidopsis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0140-7791</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1365-3040</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-3040</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/pce.15123</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39253954</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis ; Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis - metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism ; Binding ; blue light ; Cryptochromes ; Cryptochromes - genetics ; Cryptochromes - metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; environment ; Evaporation ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene regulation ; Light ; light signalling ; photoreceptor ; photoreceptors ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Stomata - growth & development ; Plant Stomata - metabolism ; Plant Stomata - physiology ; Plant Stomata - radiation effects ; Protein Binding ; SPEECHLESS (SPCH) ; Stomata ; stomatal development ; transcription factors ; Water exchange</subject><ispartof>Plant, cell and environment, 2025-01, Vol.48 (1), p.286-296</ispartof><rights>2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2763-e47ab5eacaa544500cfb2882a08a0f6718fffadbc7fdde31e9e488528394a5893</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0462-3929 ; 0000-0002-8988-3000 ; 0009-0002-9679-955X ; 0009-0007-9204-309X ; 0000-0001-6215-2665 ; 0009-0005-4292-8362</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fpce.15123$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fpce.15123$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39253954$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yupeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Minqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruan, Jiaqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Zhilei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wenxiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Hong‐Quan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Tongtong</creatorcontrib><title>Photoexcited Cryptochrome 1 Interacts With SPCHLESS to Regulate Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis</title><title>Plant, cell and environment</title><addtitle>Plant Cell Environ</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Stomata are epidermal openings that facilitate plant−atmosphere gas and water exchange during photosynthesis, respiration and water evaporation. SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is a master basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor that determines the initiation of stomatal development. It is known that blue light promotes stomatal development through the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2). Whether CRYs regulate stomatal development through directly modulating SPCH is unknown. Here, we demonstrate by biochemical studies that CRY1 physically interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner. Genetic studies show that SPCH acts downstream of CRY1 to promote stomatal development in blue light. Furthermore, we show that CRY1 enhances the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH and promotes the expression of its target genes in blue light. These results suggest that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH, which is likely mediated by blue light‐induced CRY1−SPCH interaction. The precise regulation of SPCH DNA‐binding activity by CRY1 may allow plants to optimize stomatal density and pattern according to ambient light conditions.
Summary statement
Blue light photoreceptor CRY1 directly interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner to promote its DNA‐binding activity, leading to enhanced expression of SPCH‐target genes and eventual stomatal development in Arabidopsis.</description><subject>Arabidopsis</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><subject>Binding</subject><subject>blue light</subject><subject>Cryptochromes</subject><subject>Cryptochromes - genetics</subject><subject>Cryptochromes - metabolism</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>environment</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>light signalling</subject><subject>photoreceptor</subject><subject>photoreceptors</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Plant Stomata - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Stomata - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Stomata - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Stomata - radiation effects</subject><subject>Protein Binding</subject><subject>SPEECHLESS (SPCH)</subject><subject>Stomata</subject><subject>stomatal development</subject><subject>transcription factors</subject><subject>Water exchange</subject><issn>0140-7791</issn><issn>1365-3040</issn><issn>1365-3040</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0U1r2zAYB3BRVpr05dAvMAS7rAe3eo2tY_GyJRBoaDZ6NLL8uHGxLU-St-XbT23SHgaD6iIQP_6Snj9Cl5Rc07huBgPXVFLGj9CU8plMOBHkA5oSKkiSpopO0Kn3T4TEg1SdoAlXTHIlxRSZ9dYGC39ME6DCudsNwZqtsx1gipd9AKdN8PihCVu8WeeL1XyzwcHie3gcWx0Ab4LtdNAt_gK_oLVDB33ATY9vnS6byg6-8efouNath4vDfoZ-fJ1_zxfJ6u7bMr9dJYalM56ASHUpQRutpRCSEFOXLMuYJpkm9SylWV3XuipNWlcVcAoKRJZJlnEltMwUP0Of97mDsz9H8KHoGm-gbXUPdvQFp1KwmYqzeQclTKQ0PiPST__QJzu6Pn4kKq7iTCl7vvtqr4yz3juoi8E1nXa7gpLiuaQillS8lBTtx0PiWHZQvcnXViK42YPfTQu7_ycV63y-j_wLkeeaNg</recordid><startdate>202501</startdate><enddate>202501</enddate><creator>Chen, Li</creator><creator>Cao, Xiaoli</creator><creator>Li, Yupeng</creator><creator>Liu, Minqing</creator><creator>Liu, Yao</creator><creator>Guan, Yan</creator><creator>Ruan, Jiaqi</creator><creator>Mao, Zhilei</creator><creator>Wang, Wenxiu</creator><creator>Yang, Hong‐Quan</creator><creator>Guo, Tongtong</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-3929</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-3000</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9679-955X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9204-309X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-2665</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4292-8362</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202501</creationdate><title>Photoexcited Cryptochrome 1 Interacts With SPCHLESS to Regulate Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis</title><author>Chen, Li ; Cao, Xiaoli ; Li, Yupeng ; Liu, Minqing ; Liu, Yao ; Guan, Yan ; Ruan, Jiaqi ; Mao, Zhilei ; Wang, Wenxiu ; Yang, Hong‐Quan ; Guo, Tongtong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2763-e47ab5eacaa544500cfb2882a08a0f6718fffadbc7fdde31e9e488528394a5893</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Arabidopsis</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - growth & development</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - metabolism</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics</topic><topic>Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism</topic><topic>Binding</topic><topic>blue light</topic><topic>Cryptochromes</topic><topic>Cryptochromes - genetics</topic><topic>Cryptochromes - metabolism</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>environment</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Gene regulation</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>light signalling</topic><topic>photoreceptor</topic><topic>photoreceptors</topic><topic>Photosynthesis</topic><topic>Plant Stomata - growth & development</topic><topic>Plant Stomata - metabolism</topic><topic>Plant Stomata - physiology</topic><topic>Plant Stomata - radiation effects</topic><topic>Protein Binding</topic><topic>SPEECHLESS (SPCH)</topic><topic>Stomata</topic><topic>stomatal development</topic><topic>transcription factors</topic><topic>Water exchange</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yupeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Minqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruan, Jiaqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mao, Zhilei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wenxiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Hong‐Quan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Tongtong</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Plant, cell and environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Li</au><au>Cao, Xiaoli</au><au>Li, Yupeng</au><au>Liu, Minqing</au><au>Liu, Yao</au><au>Guan, Yan</au><au>Ruan, Jiaqi</au><au>Mao, Zhilei</au><au>Wang, Wenxiu</au><au>Yang, Hong‐Quan</au><au>Guo, Tongtong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Photoexcited Cryptochrome 1 Interacts With SPCHLESS to Regulate Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis</atitle><jtitle>Plant, cell and environment</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Cell Environ</addtitle><date>2025-01</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>286</spage><epage>296</epage><pages>286-296</pages><issn>0140-7791</issn><issn>1365-3040</issn><eissn>1365-3040</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Stomata are epidermal openings that facilitate plant−atmosphere gas and water exchange during photosynthesis, respiration and water evaporation. SPEECHLESS (SPCH) is a master basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factor that determines the initiation of stomatal development. It is known that blue light promotes stomatal development through the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (CRYs, CRY1 and CRY2). Whether CRYs regulate stomatal development through directly modulating SPCH is unknown. Here, we demonstrate by biochemical studies that CRY1 physically interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner. Genetic studies show that SPCH acts downstream of CRY1 to promote stomatal development in blue light. Furthermore, we show that CRY1 enhances the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH and promotes the expression of its target genes in blue light. These results suggest that the mechanism by which CRY1 promotes stomatal development involves positive regulation of the DNA‐binding activity of SPCH, which is likely mediated by blue light‐induced CRY1−SPCH interaction. The precise regulation of SPCH DNA‐binding activity by CRY1 may allow plants to optimize stomatal density and pattern according to ambient light conditions.
Summary statement
Blue light photoreceptor CRY1 directly interacts with SPCH in a blue light‐dependent manner to promote its DNA‐binding activity, leading to enhanced expression of SPCH‐target genes and eventual stomatal development in Arabidopsis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>39253954</pmid><doi>10.1111/pce.15123</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-3929</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-3000</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9679-955X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9204-309X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-2665</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4292-8362</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Plant, cell and environment, 2025-01, Vol.48 (1), p.286-296 |
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| subjects | Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - metabolism Binding blue light Cryptochromes Cryptochromes - genetics Cryptochromes - metabolism Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA environment Evaporation Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Gene regulation Light light signalling photoreceptor photoreceptors Photosynthesis Plant Stomata - growth & development Plant Stomata - metabolism Plant Stomata - physiology Plant Stomata - radiation effects Protein Binding SPEECHLESS (SPCH) Stomata stomatal development transcription factors Water exchange |
| title | Photoexcited Cryptochrome 1 Interacts With SPCHLESS to Regulate Stomatal Development in Arabidopsis |
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