Can drinking tea become an effective way to alleviate the extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become increasingly prevalent worldwide in the past decade, often accompanied by various parenteral manifestations, which seriously affecting the liver, bile, kidney, cardiovascular, and even brain functions. Tea contains various active ingredients, including polyphenols, and polysaccharides with good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that tea can alleviate IBD symptoms. To review the effects and mechanism of tea consumption on the extraintestinal manifestations of IBD, data were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from initial establishment to Oct 2023. This study reviewed the pathophysiological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease and its extraintestinal manifestations, as well as the intervention effects of tea consumption on inflammatory bowel disease. Meanwhile, the potential effects and mechanisms of tea drinking in alleviating IBD and its extraintestinal manifestations including hepatobiliary and renal manifestations, cardiovascular diseases, and brain inflammation were explored through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways, and the regulation of intestinal microorganisms and metabolic pathways were also discussed. This review aims to broaden the scope of the development and application of tea consumption as potential effective approach for daily health management and alleviation of chronic diseases.