Transcription factor ETV4 plays a critical role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

The Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) and ETS Variant Transcription Factor 4 (ETV4) are involved in the metabolic transition and carcinogenesis in the liver. However, the role of ETV4 in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently unknown. Our study reveals that ETV4 expression was upregulated in the diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and plays a critical role in the dysregulated lipid metabolism. We demonstrate a mechanism by which ANGPTL4 regulates lipid homeostasis via involving the AMPK/ETV4 axis. Transient knockdown of ETV4 abolished the ANGPTL4-induced expression of Srebp1c, Acc and Fasn. Insulin treatment potentially increased the physical association of ETV4 with SREBP1, and promotes nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of SREBP1. In addition, we show that combined therapy with omega-3 fatty acids and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase inhibitor 1 (DGAT1) inhibitor (A-922500) counteracted the ANGPTL4-ETV4 axis-induced lipogenesis in vitro, and in vivo in obese mice via activation of GPR120-βarrestin2-AMPK pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that targeted pharmacologic therapy using GalNac-ETV4 siRNA that specifically inhibits ETV4 gene expression in the liver protects against diet-induced NAFLD, obesity and dyslipidemia. Hence, our study reveal previously unrecognized role of ETV4 in the NAFLD, and provides rationale targeting ETV4 to treat NAFLD. Exogenous supplementation of EPA and DHA in cells showed preferential incorporation of EPA and DHA in the neutral lipids rather than phospholipids. Inhibition of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) shifted this accretion of EPA and DHA towards phospholipids. Aberrant expression of ANGPTL4-ETV4 contributes to metabolic dysfunction in NAFLD via inhibition of AMPK. Therapy with EPA, DHA and DGAT1 inhibitor activates AMPK and alleviates NAFLD via GPR120-βarrestin2 pathway. GalNac-ETV4 siRNA conjugate therapy attenuated NAFLD. [Display omitted]