Beta-carotene-loaded Oleogels: Morphological analysis, cytotoxicity assessment, in vitro digestion and intestinal permeability
Composition and structure of oleogels significantly influence their digestive behaviour, impacting triacylglycerol breakdown and the bioavailability of incorporated compounds. Texture profile analysis showed that sterol-based oleogels (STOs) exhibited 20 times higher hardness than beeswax-based oleo...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food chemistry 2025-02, Vol.465 (Pt 2), p.142085, Article 142085 |
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| creator | Martins, Artur J. Perdigão, Lara Gonçalves, Catarina Amado, Isabel R. Abreu, Cristiano S. Vicente, António A. Cunha, Rosiane L. Pastrana, Lorenzo M. Cerqueira, Miguel A. |
| description | Composition and structure of oleogels significantly influence their digestive behaviour, impacting triacylglycerol breakdown and the bioavailability of incorporated compounds. Texture profile analysis showed that sterol-based oleogels (STOs) exhibited 20 times higher hardness than beeswax-based oleogels (BWOs), which showed stronger cohesion due to elasticity sustained by adhesive forces. Tribological assessments revealed similar initial coefficients of friction (COF) for both oleogels. However, fluctuations were observed in BWOs and a gradual decrease in STOs over time, enhancing lubrication, while BWOs recorded higher adhesion. These findings provide insights into their distinct digestive behaviour, with both oleogels undergoing structural disintegration and STOs displaying a higher lipolysis degree. Non-cytotoxicity was confirmed under Caco-2 cells. β-carotene bioaccessibility was influenced by the oleogels' structural modification and values of 4.0 ± 0.7 % for STOs and 2.6 ± 1.1 % for BWOs were recorded. Results highlight the need to optimize formulations to improve bioactive's bioavailability, emphasizing the role of structured gels in modulating digestion dynamics.
•Both oleogels, with or without β-carotene, exhibited non-cytotoxic behaviour.•The lipolysis degree was affected by the nature of the gelator used.•Oleogel type impacted its structural resilience during in vitro digestion tests. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142085 |
| format | Article |
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•Both oleogels, with or without β-carotene, exhibited non-cytotoxic behaviour.•The lipolysis degree was affected by the nature of the gelator used.•Oleogel type impacted its structural resilience during in vitro digestion tests.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0308-8146</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1873-7072</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7072</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142085</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39571441</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>adhesion ; Beeswax ; beta Carotene - chemistry ; beta Carotene - metabolism ; beta Carotene - pharmacology ; Bioaccessibility ; bioavailability ; Biological Availability ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; cohesion ; cytotoxicity ; Digestion ; food chemistry ; friction ; Functional compounds ; hardness ; Humans ; In vitro digestion ; Intestinal Barrier Function ; Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism ; intestines ; Lipolysis ; lubrication ; Models, Biological ; oleogels ; Organic Chemicals - chemistry ; Organogels ; Permeability ; Provitamin A ; Sterols ; Structural disintegration ; texture ; triacylglycerols</subject><ispartof>Food chemistry, 2025-02, Vol.465 (Pt 2), p.142085, Article 142085</ispartof><rights>2024 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2665-ab8b49790c75ee9955f6b8a5a2c46359d6f9659275347420f6b82f874db3d5373</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142085$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,27911,27912,45982</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39571441$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martins, Artur J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perdigão, Lara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonçalves, Catarina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amado, Isabel R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abreu, Cristiano S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vicente, António A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cunha, Rosiane L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pastrana, Lorenzo M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cerqueira, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><title>Beta-carotene-loaded Oleogels: Morphological analysis, cytotoxicity assessment, in vitro digestion and intestinal permeability</title><title>Food chemistry</title><addtitle>Food Chem</addtitle><description>Composition and structure of oleogels significantly influence their digestive behaviour, impacting triacylglycerol breakdown and the bioavailability of incorporated compounds. Texture profile analysis showed that sterol-based oleogels (STOs) exhibited 20 times higher hardness than beeswax-based oleogels (BWOs), which showed stronger cohesion due to elasticity sustained by adhesive forces. Tribological assessments revealed similar initial coefficients of friction (COF) for both oleogels. However, fluctuations were observed in BWOs and a gradual decrease in STOs over time, enhancing lubrication, while BWOs recorded higher adhesion. These findings provide insights into their distinct digestive behaviour, with both oleogels undergoing structural disintegration and STOs displaying a higher lipolysis degree. Non-cytotoxicity was confirmed under Caco-2 cells. β-carotene bioaccessibility was influenced by the oleogels' structural modification and values of 4.0 ± 0.7 % for STOs and 2.6 ± 1.1 % for BWOs were recorded. Results highlight the need to optimize formulations to improve bioactive's bioavailability, emphasizing the role of structured gels in modulating digestion dynamics.
•Both oleogels, with or without β-carotene, exhibited non-cytotoxic behaviour.•The lipolysis degree was affected by the nature of the gelator used.•Oleogel type impacted its structural resilience during in vitro digestion tests.</description><subject>adhesion</subject><subject>Beeswax</subject><subject>beta Carotene - chemistry</subject><subject>beta Carotene - metabolism</subject><subject>beta Carotene - pharmacology</subject><subject>Bioaccessibility</subject><subject>bioavailability</subject><subject>Biological Availability</subject><subject>Caco-2 Cells</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>cohesion</subject><subject>cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Digestion</subject><subject>food chemistry</subject><subject>friction</subject><subject>Functional compounds</subject><subject>hardness</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>In vitro digestion</subject><subject>Intestinal Barrier Function</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects</subject><subject>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</subject><subject>intestines</subject><subject>Lipolysis</subject><subject>lubrication</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>oleogels</subject><subject>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</subject><subject>Organogels</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Provitamin A</subject><subject>Sterols</subject><subject>Structural disintegration</subject><subject>texture</subject><subject>triacylglycerols</subject><issn>0308-8146</issn><issn>1873-7072</issn><issn>1873-7072</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1v1DAQhi0EotvCX6h85NAs_owdTkAFBalVL-VsOfZk65UTL7a3Yi_89ibalis9WWO_z4w1D0LnlKwpoe3H7XpIybt7GNeMMLGmghEtX6EV1Yo3iij2Gq0IJ7rRVLQn6LSULSGEEarfohPeSUWFoCv09ytU2zibU4UJmpisB49vI6QNxPIJ36S8u08xbYKzEdvJxkMJ5QK7Q001_Qku1AO2pUApI0z1AocJP4SaE_ZhA6WGNM2Un6_rUs083kEewfYhzug79GawscD7p_MM_fr-7e7yR3N9e_Xz8st141jbysb2uhed6ohTEqDrpBzaXltpmRMtl51vh66VHVOSCzVvYnllg1bC99xLrvgZ-nDsu8vp937-iRlDcRCjnSDti-FUCiYl78QLopxqybhcurbHqMuplAyD2eUw2nwwlJhFk9maZ01m0WSOmmbw_GnGvh_B_8OevcyBz8fALAEeAmRTXIDJgQ8ZXDU-hf_NeAQ2DKhr</recordid><startdate>20250215</startdate><enddate>20250215</enddate><creator>Martins, Artur J.</creator><creator>Perdigão, Lara</creator><creator>Gonçalves, Catarina</creator><creator>Amado, Isabel R.</creator><creator>Abreu, Cristiano S.</creator><creator>Vicente, António A.</creator><creator>Cunha, Rosiane L.</creator><creator>Pastrana, Lorenzo M.</creator><creator>Cerqueira, Miguel A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20250215</creationdate><title>Beta-carotene-loaded Oleogels: Morphological analysis, cytotoxicity assessment, in vitro digestion and intestinal permeability</title><author>Martins, Artur J. ; Perdigão, Lara ; Gonçalves, Catarina ; Amado, Isabel R. ; Abreu, Cristiano S. ; Vicente, António A. ; Cunha, Rosiane L. ; Pastrana, Lorenzo M. ; Cerqueira, Miguel A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2665-ab8b49790c75ee9955f6b8a5a2c46359d6f9659275347420f6b82f874db3d5373</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>adhesion</topic><topic>Beeswax</topic><topic>beta Carotene - chemistry</topic><topic>beta Carotene - metabolism</topic><topic>beta Carotene - pharmacology</topic><topic>Bioaccessibility</topic><topic>bioavailability</topic><topic>Biological Availability</topic><topic>Caco-2 Cells</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>cohesion</topic><topic>cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Digestion</topic><topic>food chemistry</topic><topic>friction</topic><topic>Functional compounds</topic><topic>hardness</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>In vitro digestion</topic><topic>Intestinal Barrier Function</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects</topic><topic>Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism</topic><topic>intestines</topic><topic>Lipolysis</topic><topic>lubrication</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>oleogels</topic><topic>Organic Chemicals - chemistry</topic><topic>Organogels</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Provitamin A</topic><topic>Sterols</topic><topic>Structural disintegration</topic><topic>texture</topic><topic>triacylglycerols</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martins, Artur J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perdigão, Lara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonçalves, Catarina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amado, Isabel R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abreu, Cristiano S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vicente, António A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cunha, Rosiane L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pastrana, Lorenzo M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cerqueira, Miguel A.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Food chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martins, Artur J.</au><au>Perdigão, Lara</au><au>Gonçalves, Catarina</au><au>Amado, Isabel R.</au><au>Abreu, Cristiano S.</au><au>Vicente, António A.</au><au>Cunha, Rosiane L.</au><au>Pastrana, Lorenzo M.</au><au>Cerqueira, Miguel A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Beta-carotene-loaded Oleogels: Morphological analysis, cytotoxicity assessment, in vitro digestion and intestinal permeability</atitle><jtitle>Food chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem</addtitle><date>2025-02-15</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>465</volume><issue>Pt 2</issue><spage>142085</spage><pages>142085-</pages><artnum>142085</artnum><issn>0308-8146</issn><issn>1873-7072</issn><eissn>1873-7072</eissn><abstract>Composition and structure of oleogels significantly influence their digestive behaviour, impacting triacylglycerol breakdown and the bioavailability of incorporated compounds. Texture profile analysis showed that sterol-based oleogels (STOs) exhibited 20 times higher hardness than beeswax-based oleogels (BWOs), which showed stronger cohesion due to elasticity sustained by adhesive forces. Tribological assessments revealed similar initial coefficients of friction (COF) for both oleogels. However, fluctuations were observed in BWOs and a gradual decrease in STOs over time, enhancing lubrication, while BWOs recorded higher adhesion. These findings provide insights into their distinct digestive behaviour, with both oleogels undergoing structural disintegration and STOs displaying a higher lipolysis degree. Non-cytotoxicity was confirmed under Caco-2 cells. β-carotene bioaccessibility was influenced by the oleogels' structural modification and values of 4.0 ± 0.7 % for STOs and 2.6 ± 1.1 % for BWOs were recorded. Results highlight the need to optimize formulations to improve bioactive's bioavailability, emphasizing the role of structured gels in modulating digestion dynamics.
•Both oleogels, with or without β-carotene, exhibited non-cytotoxic behaviour.•The lipolysis degree was affected by the nature of the gelator used.•Oleogel type impacted its structural resilience during in vitro digestion tests.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>39571441</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142085</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | adhesion Beeswax beta Carotene - chemistry beta Carotene - metabolism beta Carotene - pharmacology Bioaccessibility bioavailability Biological Availability Caco-2 Cells Cell Survival - drug effects cohesion cytotoxicity Digestion food chemistry friction Functional compounds hardness Humans In vitro digestion Intestinal Barrier Function Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism intestines Lipolysis lubrication Models, Biological oleogels Organic Chemicals - chemistry Organogels Permeability Provitamin A Sterols Structural disintegration texture triacylglycerols |
| title | Beta-carotene-loaded Oleogels: Morphological analysis, cytotoxicity assessment, in vitro digestion and intestinal permeability |
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