Silicomanganese fume-based alkali-activated mortar: experimental, statistical, and environmental impact studies
This paper evaluates the flowability and strength properties of alkali-activated mortar produced using silicomanganese fume (SiMnF) as the sole binder, combined with alkaline activators and sand, cured at room temperature (23 ± 1 °C). A total of 18 mixes were prepared by varying binder content (370,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2024-11, Vol.31 (52), p.61525-61540 |
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| creator | Najamuddin, Syed Khaja Johari, Megat Azmi Megat Bahraq, Ashraf A. Yusuf, Moruf Olalekan Maslehuddin, Mohammed Ibrahim, Mohammed |
| description | This paper evaluates the flowability and strength properties of alkali-activated mortar produced using silicomanganese fume (SiMnF) as the sole binder, combined with alkaline activators and sand, cured at room temperature (23 ± 1 °C). A total of 18 mixes were prepared by varying binder content (370, 470, and 570 kg/m
3
), alkaline activator content (33, 43, and 53% of binder by weight), and NaOH concentration (8 M and 12 M). The SiMnF-based alkali-activated pastes were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques to study morphology, mineral composition, and functional groups, respectively. Statistical modeling, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface method (RSM), was performed to optimize the mixes, and a life cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the developed SiMnF-based alkali-activated mortars (SiMnF-AAM). The experimental results showed that an optimal mix design with 470 kg/m
3
SiMnF, 43% alkaline activator content, and NaOH concentrations of 8 M and 12 M achieved the best balance of flow and strength. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that Nchwaningite was the primary reaction product, with secondary phases including magnetite, manganese ferrite, and potassium feldspar, influenced by alkali concentration. The SiMnF-based mixtures had a significantly lower CO₂ footprint (0.08 kg CO₂/kg) compared to the cement-based mix, with alkali activators being the primary contributors to emissions. The developed SiMnF-AAM mixes, cured at room temperature, exhibited improved workability, mechanical properties, and reduced environmental impact, making them adaptive to real-life applications. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-024-35325-z |
| format | Article |
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3
), alkaline activator content (33, 43, and 53% of binder by weight), and NaOH concentration (8 M and 12 M). The SiMnF-based alkali-activated pastes were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques to study morphology, mineral composition, and functional groups, respectively. Statistical modeling, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface method (RSM), was performed to optimize the mixes, and a life cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the developed SiMnF-based alkali-activated mortars (SiMnF-AAM). The experimental results showed that an optimal mix design with 470 kg/m
3
SiMnF, 43% alkaline activator content, and NaOH concentrations of 8 M and 12 M achieved the best balance of flow and strength. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that Nchwaningite was the primary reaction product, with secondary phases including magnetite, manganese ferrite, and potassium feldspar, influenced by alkali concentration. The SiMnF-based mixtures had a significantly lower CO₂ footprint (0.08 kg CO₂/kg) compared to the cement-based mix, with alkali activators being the primary contributors to emissions. The developed SiMnF-AAM mixes, cured at room temperature, exhibited improved workability, mechanical properties, and reduced environmental impact, making them adaptive to real-life applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35325-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39424646</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Alkalies - chemistry ; ambient temperature ; analysis of variance ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Binders (materials) ; carbon dioxide ; Construction Materials ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental impact ; Environmental studies ; feldspar ; ferrimagnetic materials ; Functional groups ; Life cycle analysis ; Life cycle assessment ; Magnetite ; Manganese ; Mechanical properties ; Mineral composition ; mineral content ; Mixtures ; Mortars (material) ; Optimization ; Pastes ; Reaction products ; Research Article ; Response surface methodology ; Room temperature ; sand ; Silicomanganese ; Sodium hydroxide ; Statistical models ; Variance analysis ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control ; Workability</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2024-11, Vol.31 (52), p.61525-61540</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c204z-65d2c67357247921cd872d55e336c6c788cfabf4bf61e4320d438dc67f0042533</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0583-5002</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-024-35325-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-024-35325-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39424646$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Najamuddin, Syed Khaja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johari, Megat Azmi Megat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bahraq, Ashraf A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yusuf, Moruf Olalekan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maslehuddin, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><title>Silicomanganese fume-based alkali-activated mortar: experimental, statistical, and environmental impact studies</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>This paper evaluates the flowability and strength properties of alkali-activated mortar produced using silicomanganese fume (SiMnF) as the sole binder, combined with alkaline activators and sand, cured at room temperature (23 ± 1 °C). A total of 18 mixes were prepared by varying binder content (370, 470, and 570 kg/m
3
), alkaline activator content (33, 43, and 53% of binder by weight), and NaOH concentration (8 M and 12 M). The SiMnF-based alkali-activated pastes were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques to study morphology, mineral composition, and functional groups, respectively. Statistical modeling, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface method (RSM), was performed to optimize the mixes, and a life cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the developed SiMnF-based alkali-activated mortars (SiMnF-AAM). The experimental results showed that an optimal mix design with 470 kg/m
3
SiMnF, 43% alkaline activator content, and NaOH concentrations of 8 M and 12 M achieved the best balance of flow and strength. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that Nchwaningite was the primary reaction product, with secondary phases including magnetite, manganese ferrite, and potassium feldspar, influenced by alkali concentration. The SiMnF-based mixtures had a significantly lower CO₂ footprint (0.08 kg CO₂/kg) compared to the cement-based mix, with alkali activators being the primary contributors to emissions. The developed SiMnF-AAM mixes, cured at room temperature, exhibited improved workability, mechanical properties, and reduced environmental impact, making them adaptive to real-life applications.</description><subject>Alkalies - chemistry</subject><subject>ambient temperature</subject><subject>analysis of variance</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Binders (materials)</subject><subject>carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Construction Materials</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental studies</subject><subject>feldspar</subject><subject>ferrimagnetic materials</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Life cycle analysis</subject><subject>Life cycle assessment</subject><subject>Magnetite</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Mineral composition</subject><subject>mineral content</subject><subject>Mixtures</subject><subject>Mortars (material)</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Pastes</subject><subject>Reaction products</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Response surface methodology</subject><subject>Room temperature</subject><subject>sand</subject><subject>Silicomanganese</subject><subject>Sodium hydroxide</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><subject>Workability</subject><issn>1614-7499</issn><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUlLBDEQhYMo7n_AgzR48WA0e3d7E3EDwYN6DpmkesjYy5h0i86vN9pueBBPqaS-90LVQ2iHkkNKSH4UKeVSYcIE5pIziRdLaJ0qKnAuynL5R72GNmKcEcJIyfJVtMZLwYQSah11t772tmtMOzUtRMiqoQE8MRFcZuoHU3tsbO-fTJ8emi70Jhxn8DyH4Btoe1MfZLE3vY-9t28X07oM2icfunbsZ76ZJ4dEDc5D3EIrlakjbH-cm-j-_Ozu9BJf31xcnZ5cY8uIWGAlHbMq5zJnIi8Zta7ImZMSOFdW2bwobGUmlZhUioLgjDjBC5cUFSGCSc430f7oOw_d4wCx142PFuo6TdkNUXMqBS1oKck_UFpwIikpErr3C511Q2jTIIliohRcUZYoNlI2dDEGqPQ8bcuEF02JfktOj8nplJx-T04vkmj3w3qYNOC-JJ9RJYCPQEytdgrh--8_bF8BUkmkkg</recordid><startdate>202411</startdate><enddate>202411</enddate><creator>Najamuddin, Syed Khaja</creator><creator>Johari, Megat Azmi Megat</creator><creator>Bahraq, Ashraf A.</creator><creator>Yusuf, Moruf Olalekan</creator><creator>Maslehuddin, Mohammed</creator><creator>Ibrahim, Mohammed</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-5002</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202411</creationdate><title>Silicomanganese fume-based alkali-activated mortar: experimental, statistical, and environmental impact studies</title><author>Najamuddin, Syed Khaja ; 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A total of 18 mixes were prepared by varying binder content (370, 470, and 570 kg/m
3
), alkaline activator content (33, 43, and 53% of binder by weight), and NaOH concentration (8 M and 12 M). The SiMnF-based alkali-activated pastes were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques to study morphology, mineral composition, and functional groups, respectively. Statistical modeling, including analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface method (RSM), was performed to optimize the mixes, and a life cycle assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of the developed SiMnF-based alkali-activated mortars (SiMnF-AAM). The experimental results showed that an optimal mix design with 470 kg/m
3
SiMnF, 43% alkaline activator content, and NaOH concentrations of 8 M and 12 M achieved the best balance of flow and strength. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that Nchwaningite was the primary reaction product, with secondary phases including magnetite, manganese ferrite, and potassium feldspar, influenced by alkali concentration. The SiMnF-based mixtures had a significantly lower CO₂ footprint (0.08 kg CO₂/kg) compared to the cement-based mix, with alkali activators being the primary contributors to emissions. The developed SiMnF-AAM mixes, cured at room temperature, exhibited improved workability, mechanical properties, and reduced environmental impact, making them adaptive to real-life applications.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>39424646</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-024-35325-z</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-5002</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alkalies - chemistry ambient temperature analysis of variance Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Binders (materials) carbon dioxide Construction Materials Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental impact Environmental studies feldspar ferrimagnetic materials Functional groups Life cycle analysis Life cycle assessment Magnetite Manganese Mechanical properties Mineral composition mineral content Mixtures Mortars (material) Optimization Pastes Reaction products Research Article Response surface methodology Room temperature sand Silicomanganese Sodium hydroxide Statistical models Variance analysis Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Workability |
| title | Silicomanganese fume-based alkali-activated mortar: experimental, statistical, and environmental impact studies |
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